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Nonequilibrium Green's function study of magnetoconductance features and oscillations in clean and disordered nanowires

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Physical Review B 2018年第12期98卷 125417-125417页

作者： Aritra Lahiri Kaveh Gharavi Jonathan Baugh Bhaskaran Muralidharan School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

We explore various aspects of magnetoconductance oscillations in semiconductor nanowires, developing quantum transport models based on the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. In the clean case, Aharonov-Bohm (AB, h/e) oscillations are found to be dominant, contingent upon the surface confinement of electrons in the nanowire. We also numerically study disordered nanowires of finite length, extending the existing literature. By varying the nanowire length and disorder strength, we identify the transition where Al'tshuler-Aronov-Spivak (AAS, h/2e) oscillations start dominating, noting the effects of considering an open system. Moreover, we demonstrate how the relative magnitudes of the scattering length and the device dimensions govern the relative dominance of these harmonics with energy, revealing that the AAS oscillations emerge and start dominating from the center of the band, much higher in energy than the conduction band edge. We also show the ways of suppressing the oscillatory components (AB and AAS) to observe the nonoscillatory weak localization corrections, noting the interplay of scattering, incoherence/dephasing, the geometry of electronic distribution, and orientation of magnetic field. This is followed by a study of surface roughness which shows contrasting effects depending on its strength and type, ranging from magnetic depopulation to strong AAS oscillations. Subsequently, we show that dephasing causes a progressive degradation of the higher harmonics, explaining the reemergence of the AB component even in long and disordered nanowires. Lastly, we show that our model qualitatively reproduces the experimental magnetoconductance spectrum of Holloway et al. [Phys. Rev. B 91, 045422 (2015)] reasonably well while demonstrating the necessity of spatial correlations in the disorder potential and dephasing.

关键词： Magnetotransport Nanowires Nonequilibrium Green's function

Direct generation and detection of correlated photons with 3.2 um wavelength spacing

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Sua, Yong Meng Fan, Heng Shahverdi, Amin Chen, Jia-Yang Huang, Yu-Ping Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Stevens Institute of Technology HobokenNJ07030 United States Center for Distributed Quantum Computing Stevens Institute of Technology HobokenNJ07030 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology HobokenNJ07030 United States

quantum correlated, highly non-degenerate photons can be used to synthesize disparate quantum nodes and link quantum processing over incompatible wavelengths, thereby constructing heterogeneous quantum systems for otherwise unattainable superior performance. Existing techniques for correlated photons have been concentrated in the visible and near-IR domains, with the photon pairs residing within one micron. Here, we demonstrate direct generation and detection of high-purity photon pairs at room temperature with 3.2 um wavelength spacing, one at 780 nm to match the rubidium D2 line, and the other at 3950 nm that falls in a transparent, low-scattering optical window for free space applications. The pairs are created via spontaneous parametric downconversion in a lithium niobate waveguide with specially designed geometry and periodic poling. The 780 nm photons are measured with a silicon avalanche photodiode, and the 3950 nm photons are measured with an upconversion photon detector using a similar waveguide, which attains 34% internal conversion efficiency. quantum correlation measurement yields a high coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 54, which indicates the strong correlation with the extremely non-degenerate photon pairs. Our system bridges existing quantum technology to the challenging mid-IR regime, where unprecedented applications are expected in quantum metrology and sensing, quantum communications, medical diagnostics, and so on. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons

Gradient-based closed-loop quantum optimal control in a solid-state two-qubit system

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Feng, Guanru Cho, Franklin H. Katiyar, Hemant Li, Jun Lu, Dawei Baugh, Jonathan Laflamme, Raymond Institute for Quantum Computing WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2J 2W9 Canada Canadian Institute for Advanced Research TorontoONM5G 1Z8 Canada

quantum optimal control can play a crucial role to realize a set of universal quantum logic gates with error rates below the threshold required for fault-tolerance. Open-loop quantum optimal control relies on accurate modeling of the quantum system under control, and does not scale efficiently with system size. These problems can be avoided in closed-loop quantum optimal control, which utilizes feedback from the system to improve control fidelity. In this paper, two gradient-based closed-loop quantum optimal control algorithms, the hybrid quantum-classical approach (HQCA) described in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 150503 (2017)] and the finite-difference (FD) method, are experimentally investigated and compared to the open-loop quantum optimal control utilizing the gradient ascent method. We employ a solid-state ensemble of coupled electron-nuclear spins serving as a two-qubit system. Specific single-qubit and two-qubit state preparation gates are optimized using the closed-loop and open-loop methods. The experimental results demonstrate the implemented closedloop quantum control outperforms the open-loop control in our system. Furthermore, simulations reveal that HQCA is more robust than the FD method to gradient noise which originates from measurement noise in this experimental setting. On the other hand, the FD method is more robust to control field distortions coming from non-ideal hardware. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finite difference method

Semidefinite programming converse bounds for quantum communication

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Wang, Xin Fang, Kun Duan, Runyao Centre for Quantum Software and Information Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institute for Quantum Computing Baidu Inc. Beijing100193 China

We derive several efficiently computable converse bounds for quantum communication over quantum channels in both the one-shot and asymptotic regime. First, we derive oneshot semidefinite programming (SDP) converse bounds on the amount of quantum information that can be transmitted over a single use of a quantum channel, which improve the previous bound from [Tomamichel/Berta/Renes, Nat. Commun. 7, 2016]. As applications, we study quantum communication over depolarizing channels and amplitude damping channels with finite resources. Second, we find an SDP strong converse bound for the quantum capacity of an arbitrary quantum channel, which means the fidelity of any sequence of codes with a rate exceeding this bound will vanish exponentially fast as the number of channel uses increases. Furthermore, we prove that the SDP strong converse bound improves the partial transposition bound introduced by Holevo and Werner. Third, we prove that this SDP strong converse bound is equal to the so-called max-Rains information, which is an analog to the Rains information introduced in [Tomamichel/Wilde/Winter, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 63:715, 2017]. Our SDP strong converse bound is weaker than the Rains information, but it is efficiently computable for general quantum channels. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： quantum communication

Euclid preparation L. Calibration of the halo linear bias in Λ(ν)CDM cosmologies

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Castro, T. Fumagalli, A. Angulo, R.E. Bocquet, S. Borgani, S. Costanzi, M. Dakin, J. Dolag, K. Monaco, P. Saro, A. Sefusatti, E. Aghanim, N. Amendola, L. Andreon, S. Baccigalupi, C. Baldi, M. Bodendorf, C. Bonino, D. Branchini, E. Brescia, M. Caillat, A. Camera, S. Capobianco, V. Carbone, C. Carretero, J. Casas, S. Castellano, M. Castignani, G. Cavuoti, S. Cimatti, A. Colodro-Conde, C. Congedo, G. Conselice, C.J. Conversi, L. Copin, Y. Costille, A. Courbin, F. Courtois, H.M. Da Silva, A. Degaudenzi, H. De Lucia, G. Di Giorgio, A.M. Douspis, M. Dupac, X. Dusini, S. Farina, M. Farrens, S. Ferriol, S. Fosalba, P. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Fumana, M. Galeotta, S. Gillis, B. Giocoli, C. Gómez-Alvarez, P. Grazian, A. Grupp, F. Guzzo, L. Haugan, S.V.H. Holmes, W. Hormuth, F. Hornstrup, A. Ilić, S. Jahnke, K. Jhabvala, M. Joachimi, B. Keihänen, E. Kermiche, S. Kiessling, A. Kilbinger, M. Kubik, B. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lilje, P.B. Lindholm, V. Lloro, I. Maiorano, E. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, O. Markovic, K. Martinelli, M. Martinet, N. Marulli, F. Massey, R. Maurogordato, S. Medinaceli, E. Melchior, M. Mellier, Y. Meneghetti, M. Merlin, E. Meylan, G. Moscardini, L. Munari, E. Niemi, S.-M. Padilla, C. Paltani, S. Pasian, F. Pedersen, K. Percival, W.J. Pettorino, V. Pires, S. Polenta, G. Poncet, M. Popa, L.A. Pozzetti, L. Raison, F. Renzi, A. Riccio, G. Romelli, E. Roncarelli, M. Saglia, R. Sakr, Z. Salvignol, J.-C. Sánchez, A.G. Sapone, D. Sartoris, B. Schirmer, M. Secroun, A. Serrano, S. Sirignano, C. Sirri, G. Stanco, L. Steinwagner, J. Tallada-Crespí, P. Taylor, A.N. Tereno, I. Toledo-Moreo, R. Torradeflot, F. Tutusaus, I. Valenziano, L. Vassallo, T. Kleijn, G. Verdoes Wang, Y. Weller, J. Zacchei, A. Zamorani, G. Zucca, E. Biviano, A. Bolzonella, M. Bozzo, E. Burigana, C. Calabrese, M. Di Ferdinando, D. Vigo, J.A. Escartin Finelli, F. Gracia-Carpio, J. Matthew, S. Mauri, N. Pezzotta, A. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 Trieste34143 Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Via Valerio 2 TS Trieste34127 Italy IFPU Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe via Beirut 2 Trieste34151 Italy ICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing Big Data e Quantum Computing Via Magnanelli 2 Bologna Italy Ludwig-Maximilians-University Schellingstrasse 4 Munich80799 Germany Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 Guipuzkoa Donostia-San Sebastián20018 Spain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao48013 Spain Universitäts-Sternwarte München Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Scheinerstrasse 1 München81679 Germany Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia Università di Trieste Via Tiepolo 11 Trieste34131 Italy Department of Astrophysics University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich8057 Switzerland Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut d’astrophysique spatiale Orsay91405 France Institut für Theoretische Physik University of Heidelberg Philosophenweg 16 Heidelberg69120 Germany INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Via Brera 28 Milano20122 Italy SISSA International School for Advanced Studies Via Bonomea 265 TS Trieste34136 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Bologna Via Gobetti 93/2 Bologna40129 Italy INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy INFN-Sezione di Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Giessenbachstr. 1 Garching85748 Germany Pino Torinese10025 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy INFN-Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy Department of Physics "E. Pancini" University Federico II Via Cinthia 6 Napoli80126 Italy INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte Via Moiariello 16 Napoli80131 Italy INFN section of Naples Vi

The Euclid mission, designed to map the geometry of the dark Universe, presents an unprecedented opportunity for advancing our understanding of the cosmos through its photometric galaxy cluster survey. Central to this endeavor is the accurate calibration of the mass- and redshift-dependent halo bias (HB), which is the focus of this paper. We enhance the precision of HB predictions, which is crucial for deriving cosmological constraints from the clustering of galaxy clusters. Our study is based on the peak-background split (PBS) model linked to the halo mass function (HMF), and extends it with a parametric correction to precisely align with results from an extended set of N-body simulations carried out with the OpenGADGET3 code. Employing simulations with fixed and paired initial conditions, we meticulously analyze the matter-halo cross-spectrum and model its covariance using a large number of mock catalogs generated with Lagrangian Perturbation Theory simulations with the PINOCCHIO code. This ensures a comprehensive understanding of the uncertainties in our HB calibration. Our findings indicate that the calibrated HB model is remarkably resilient against changes in cosmological parameters including those involving massive neutrinos. The robustness and adaptability of our calibrated HB model provide an important contribution to the cosmological exploitation of the cluster surveys to be provided by the Euclid mission. This study highlights the necessity of continuously refining the calibration of cosmological tools like the HB to match the advancing quality of observational data. As we project the impact of our calibrated model on cosmological constraints, we find that, given the sensitivity of the Euclid survey, a miscalibration of the HB could introduce biases in cluster cosmology analyses. Our work fills this critical gap, ensuring the HB calibration matches the expected precision of the Euclid survey. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

Recent developments in the PySCF program package

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Sun, Qiming Zhang, Xing Banerjee, Samragni Bao, Peng Barbry, Marc Blunt, Nick S. Bogdanov, Nikolay A. Booth, George H. Chen, Jia Cui, Zhi-Hao Eriksen, Janus Juul Gao, Yang Guo, Sheng Hermann, Jan Hermes, Matthew R. Koh, Kevin Koval, Peter Lehtola, Susi Li, Zhendong Liu, Junzi Mardirossian, Narbe McClain, James D. Motta, Mario Mussard, Bastien Pham, Hung Q. Pulkin, Artem Purwanto, Wirawan Robinson, Paul J. Ronca, Enrico Sayfutyarova, Elvira Scheurer, Maximilian Schurkus, Henry F. Smith, James E.T. Sun, Chong Sun, Shi-Ning Upadhyay, Shiv Wagner, Lucas K. Wang, Xiao White, Alec Whitfield, James Daniel Williamson, Mark J. Wouters, Sebastian Yang, Jun Yu, Jason M. Zhu, Tianyu Berkelbach, Timothy C. Sharma, Sandeep Sokolov, Alexander Yu. Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic AxiomQuant Investment Management LLC Shanghai200120 China Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Simbeyond B.V. P.O. Box 513 EindhovenNL-5600 MB Netherlands Department of Chemistry Lensfield Road CambridgeCB2 1EW United Kingdom Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstraße 1 Stuttgart70569 Germany Department of Physics King's College London Strand LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Quantum Theory Project University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close BristolBS8 1TS United Kingdom Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Google Inc. Mountain ViewCA94043 United States FU Berlin Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Arnimallee 6 Berlin14195 Germany TU Berlin Machine Learning Group Marchstr. 23 Berlin10587 Germany Department of Chemistry Chemical Theory Center Supercomputing Institute University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street SE MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Notre Dame du Lac 251 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre DameIN46556 United States Simune Atomistics S.L. Avenida Tolosa 76 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain HelsinkiFI-00014 Finland Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Chemistry The Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States AMGEN

PYSCF is a Python-based general-purpose electronic structure platform that both supports first-principles simulations of molecules and solids, as well as accelerates the development of new methodology and complex computational workflows. The present paper explains the design and philosophy behind PYSCF that enables it to meet these twin objectives. With several case studies, we show how users can easily implement their own methods using PYSCF as a development environment. We then summarize the capabilities of PYSCF for molecular and solid-state simulations. Finally, we describe the growing ecosystem of projects that use PYSCF across the domains of quantum chemistry, materials science, machine learning and quantum information science. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Python

The Radioactive source calibration system of the PROSPECT reactor Antineutrino detector

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Ashenfelter, J. Balantekin, A.B. Band, H.R. Bass, C.D. Bergeron, D.E. Berish, D. Bowden, N.S. Brodsky, J.P. Bryan, C.D. Cherwinka, J.J. Classen, T. Conant, A.J. Dean, D. Deichert, G. Diwan, M.V. Dolinski, M.J. Erickson, A. Foust, B.T. Febbraro, M. Gaison, J.K. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Gilbert, C.E. Hackett, B.T. Hans, S. Hansell, A.B. Heeger, K.M. Insler, J. Jaffe, D.E. Jones, D.C. Kyzylova, O. Lane, C.E. Langford, T.J. LaRosa, J. Littlejohn, B.R. Lu, X. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Matta, J.T. McKeown, R.D. Mendenhall, M.P. Mueller, P.E. Mumm, H.P. Napolitano, J. Neilson, R. Nikkel, J.A. Norcini, D. Nour, S. Pushin, D.A. Qian, X. Romero-Romero, E. Rosero, R. Sarenac, D. Surukuchi, P.T. Tellesp, A.B. Tyra, M.A. Varner, R.L. Viren, B. White, C. Wilhelmi, J. Wise, T. Yeh, M. Yen, Y.-R. Zhang, A. Zhang, C. Zhang, X. Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY United States Department of Physics Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL United States Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA United States Department of Physics Le Moyne College SyracuseNY United States gNational Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD United States High Flux Isotope Reactor Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Department of Physics Temple University PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Department of Physics College of William and Mary WilliamsburgVA United States Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Madison MadisonWI United States Physical Sciences Laboratory University of Wisconsin Madison MadisonWI United States Wright Laboratory Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States Yale Wright Laboratory 272 Whitney Ave New HavenCT06511 United States

The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum (PROSPECT) Experiment is a reactor neutrino experiment designed to search for sterile neutrinos with a mass on the order of 1 eV/c2 and to measure the spectrum of electron antineutrinos from a highly-enriched 235U nuclear reactor. The PROSPECT detector consists of an 11 by 14 array of optical segments in 6Li-loaded liquid scintillator at the High Flux Isotope Reactor in Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Antineutrino events are identified via inverse beta decay and read out by photomultiplier tubes located at the ends of each segment. The detector response is characterized using a radioactive source calibration system. This paper describes the design, operation, and performance of the PROSPECT source calibration system. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calibration

Rotation symmetry enforced coupling of spin and angular-momentum for p-orbital bosons

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Li, Yongqiang Yuan, Jianmin Hemmerich, Andreas Li, Xiaopeng Department of Physics National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Department of Physics Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics Beijing100193 China Institut für Laser-Physik Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg22761 Germany State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing210093 China

Intrinsic spin angular-momentum coupling of an electron has a relativistic quantum origin with the coupling arising from charged-orbits, which does not carry over to charge-neutral atoms. Here we propose a mechanism of spontaneous generation of spin angular-momentum coupling with spinor atomic bosons loaded into p-orbital bands of a two-dimensional optical-lattice. This spin angular-momentum coupling originates from many-body correlations and spontaneous symmetry breaking in a superfluid, with the key ingredients attributed to spin-channel quantum fluctuations and an approximate rotation symmetry. The resultant spin angular-momentum intertwined superfluid has Dirac excitations. In presence of a chemical potential difference for adjacent sites, it provides a bosonic analogue of a symmetry-protected-topological insulator. Through a dynamical mean-field calculation, this novel superfluid is found to be a generic low-temperature phase, and it gives way to Mott localization only at strong interactions and even-integer fillings. We show the temperature to reach this order is accessible with present experiments. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Angular momentum

Gaussian Hypothesis Testing and quantum Illumination

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Physical Review Letters 2017年第12期119卷 120501-120501页

作者： Mark M. Wilde Marco Tomamichel Seth Lloyd Mario Berta Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Centre for Quantum Software and Information and School of Software University of Technology Sydney Broadway NSW 2007 Australia Research Laboratory of Electronics and the Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Computing Imperial College London 180 Queen’s Gate Kensington London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA

quantum hypothesis testing is one of the most basic tasks in quantum information theory and has fundamental links with quantum communication and estimation theory. In this paper, we establish a formula that characterizes the decay rate of the minimal type-II error probability in a quantum hypothesis test of two Gaussian states given a fixed constraint on the type-I error probability. This formula is a direct function of the mean vectors and covariance matrices of the quantum Gaussian states in question. We give an application to quantum illumination, which is the task of determining whether there is a low-reflectivity object embedded in a target region with a bright thermal-noise bath. For the asymmetric-error setting, we find that a quantum illumination transmitter can achieve an error probability exponent stronger than a coherent-state transmitter of the same mean photon number, and furthermore, that it requires far fewer trials to do so. This occurs when the background thermal noise is either low or bright, which means that a quantum advantage is even easier to witness than in the symmetric-error setting because it occurs for a larger range of parameters. Going forward from here, we expect our formula to have applications in settings well beyond those considered in this paper, especially to quantum communication tasks involving quantum Gaussian channels.

关键词： Imaging & optical processing quantum communication quantum information processing with continuous variables quantum optics