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6th Conferenc on Medicine Meets Virtual reality, MMVR 1998

作者： Burghart, Catherina R. Pernozzoli, Arno Rembold, Ulrich Institute of Real-Time Computer Control Systems and Robotics University of Karlsruhe 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9051993862

The segmentation of medical images like CT or MRI scans represents a great challenge to researchers in computer vision, due to the variability of the individual anatomy and the different characteristics of the scanning systems. As an anatomical knowledge base improves the recognition of structures in CT or MRI scans, we chose a knowledge based segmentation in our approach, which will be explained in the following.

关键词： computerized tomography

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Virtual cutting in medical data

Virtual cutting in medical data

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作者： Mazura, A. Seifert, S. Institute for Real-time Computer Systems and Robotics University of Karlsruhe Department for Computer Science 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

In this paper we present a method for virtual 3D cutting operations in 3D tomographic data. When cutting interactively the user specifies a serie of 3D cutting points and correponding cut depths on the surface of the object. Each pair of succeeding cutting points then defines a freeform shape of the incision. A 3D meshing algorithm constructs a Finite Element mesh formed by tetrahedrons, representing the surgical intervention. © 1997 The authors.

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Simulation of jaw-movements for the musculoskeletal diagnoses

Simulation of jaw-movements for the musculoskeletal diagnose...

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作者： Weingärtner, T. Dillmann, R. Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems and Robotics University of Karlsruhe Department for Computer Science 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

Simulations of static and dynamic aspects of the functionality of the human body are getting more important as the complexity of operations increases. The preoperative planning of maxillofacial operations like the repositioning of the jaw is an example for such operation. Here, but also in other medical fields, simulation can help to estimate the results of a procedure or can facilitate the diagnosis through a better view of the anatomy and pathology of the patient. A virtual view on the pathology and the possibility of simulating the postoperative results simplifies and improves the preoperative planning. The goal of our research is the development of a graphical simulation of the human mastication system to give the surgeon an impression on the inner anatomy of his patient. This simulation allows him to predict the aesthetic and functional outcome of his operation. The main focus of this paper is the introduction of a kinematic model of the temporomandibular joint. This kinematic model describes the geometrical and analytical movement of the jaw by specially defined axes. It is the basis for an animated simulation of the mandible movement. Through integration of the muscles and muscle forces, we come to a realistic dynamic simulation of the whole mastication system. © 1997 The authors.

关键词： Pathology

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THE PROGRAMMING OF A TELEMANIPULATOR WITH THE FORCE-CUBE

THE PROGRAMMING OF A TELEMANIPULATOR WITH THE FORCE-CUBE

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ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 1997 - Dynamic systems and Control

作者： Schaude, Horst F. Dillmann, Rudiger University of Karlsruhe Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems and Robotics KaiserstraBe 12 Karlsruhe76128 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780791818244

While programming a telemanipulator the operator often uses special input devices to generate trajectories, which are to difficult for automatic planers. Though the trajectories are evaluated by a simulation and shown on a graphical animation, it is much faster to give the operator direct haptic feedback if a collision will occur while executing the trajectory. To combine the haptic feedback with an intuitive input device, we have developed the ForceCube. The input parameters are separated in three translational and three rotational values. They are matched on three orthogonal sides of a cube in such way, that their axes correspond to their counterparts in the real word. Each of the axes can be blocked in one direction. With this feature it is possible to move the manipulator with contact in one direction and without any constraints in the other directions. The ForceCube is integrated in the teleoperation system TelOS developed at the institute for real-time Computing and robotics. © 1997 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

关键词： Trajectories

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Stereo grouping for model-based recognition

Stereo grouping for model-based recognition

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13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 1996

作者： Ude, Aleš Ekre, Tor Eivind Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems and Robotics University of Karlsruhe Kaiserstr. 12 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)081867282X

A strategy for the fusion of information from a stereo image pair for model-based object recognition is discussed. Our scheme combines a new method for feature grouping with a region-based stereo matching and a hypothesize-and-verify paradigm. The grouping method developed is based on a graph theoretical algorithm. It exploits prior knowledge to find the groups of image features which are likely to come from a sought model(s). The Bayesian classification is used to deal with the resulting hypotheses. A mechanism for a dynamic threshold modification is incorporated into the system to enable the grouping at different resolutions. Unlike classical techniques for object recognition from stereo, our strategy does not depend on a data driven computation of a depth map. We argue that a propulsive reconstruction of 3D information can be more efficient and robust. © 1996 IEEE.

关键词： Object recognition

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Programming by demonstration: A machine learning approach to support skill acquision for robots 3rd

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3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Mathematical Computation, AISMC 1996

作者： Dillmann, R. Friedrich, H. University of Karlsruhe Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems and Robotics Kaiserstr. 12 KarlsruheD-76128 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540617329

Programming by Demonstration (PbD) is a programming method that allows to add new functionalities to a system by simply showing the desired task or skill in form of few examples. In the domain of robotics this paradigm offers the potential to reduce the complexity of robot task programming and to make programming more "natural". In case of programming an assembly task PbD allows with the help of a video or a laser camera and a data glove the automatic generation the necessary robot program for the assembly task. In addition, the demonstration of the task with few different assembly situations and strategies may achieve a generalized assembly function for all possible variants of the class. In order to realize such a PbD system at least two major problems have to be solved. First, the sensor data trace of a demonstration has to be interpreted and transformed into a high-level situation-action representation. This task is not yet well understood nor solved in general. Second, if a generalization is required, induction algorithms must be applied to the sensor data trace, to find the most general user-intended robot function from only few examples. In this paper mainly the second problem is focused. The described experimental PbD environment consists of an industrial robot, a 6D space mouse used as input device, and some sensors. Various data can be recorded during a demonstration for further processing in the PbD system implemented on a workstation. The objective is to exploit the possibilities of integrating learning and clustering algorithms for automated robot programming. In particular it is investigated how human interaction with the PbD system as well as user-initiated dialogs can support inductive learning to acquire generalized assembly programs and skills. © Springer-Vedag Berlin Heidelberg 1996.

关键词： Demonstrations

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Sensor system and powerful computer system for controlling a microrobot-based micromanipulation station

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JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING 1997年第3期7卷 256-258页

作者： Fischer, T Santa, K Fatikow, S University of Karlsruhe Department of Computer Science Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems and Robotics Kaiserstr.12/Geb. 40.28 D-76128 Karlsruhe Germany Presented on 22 October 1996 accepted for publication 8 April 1997

Mobile microrobots, which are capable of performing microscopic motions, have become a subject of great interest all over the world, They have the potential to be used for a variety of applications: in industry for assembly of microsystems or for the testing of silicon chips;in medicine for handling biological cells, etc. A new model of an automated micromanipulation station, which includes piezoelectric microrobots is now being built by an interdisciplinary research group at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, This paper describes a sensor system and a powerful tailorable computer for controlling the micromanipulation station.

关键词： Manipulators

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A robot action planner for automatic parts assembly

A robot action planner for automatic parts assembly

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1988 IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and systems: Toward the Next Generation Robot and System, IROS 1988

作者： Hoermann, K. Rembold, U. Institute for Real-Time Computer Control Systems and Robotics University of Karlsruhe P.O.Box 6980 Karlsruhe7500 Germany

This paper describes a hierarchical robot action planning system for automatic assembly. Input to the system is a geometrical model of the parts to be assembled. The system provides a graphical editor to model the geometrical goal relationships between these parts. In the first step the ordering constraints between the different assembly operations are planned using a simulated disassembly of the final product. This results in a set of precedence graphs, which is used by the Action Sequence Planning Module to generate a gross plan to perform the overall assembly. In the next step this plan is refined by the Motion Planner. This involves Manipulator Path Planning, Fine Motion Planning and Grasp Planning. Output of the system is an executable robot action plan in an internal language. Using a Code Generation Module, different robot programming languages may be generated. © 1988 by the institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE).

关键词： Assembly

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Fuzzy-based grasp-force-adaptation for multifingered robot hands

Fuzzy-based grasp-force-adaptation for multifingered robot h...

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IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy systems (FUZZ-IEEE)

作者： T. Dorsam S. Fatikow I. Streit Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems awl Robotics Faculty for Informatics University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

A fuzzy logic approach for the online grasp-force-adaptation, which can be used for the control of fine manipulating with a multifingered robot hand, will be presented in this paper. The kernel of this approach consists of decision making logic which expresses the a-priory knowledge about the force behaviour inside the friction cones and the necessary reactions, regarding the criterion for grip stability. For the software realisation of the fuzzy control approach a Fuzzy-C Development System supporting the entire development process was used. Two corresponding fuzzy controllers have been designed: A finger controller and a grasp controller. During fine manipulations of an object the fuzzy controller interacts with an underlying conventional controller that receives, after defuzzyfication, the adapted force values which were applied. A computer based simulation system was developed to analyse the capabilities of the designed fuzzy controllers.< >

关键词： Robots Fuzzy control Force control Fuzzy logic Kernel Decision making Friction Stability criteria Fingers Computational modeling

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Range image registration for free-form surfaces using curvature information as invariance 9

Range image registration for free-form surfaces using curvat...

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9th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 1998

作者： Rieder, Markus Guir, Nicolas Dillmann, R. Department for Computer Science Institute for Real-Time Computer Control Systems and Robotics University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe76128 Germany Department of Computer Architecture University of Malaga Malaga Spain

A curvature based technique for fast range image registration is described in this work. With this technique the rotation and the displacement of a surface with respect to another one is calculated. The proposed algorithm uses Gaussian curvature information from each image point to extract a number of feature points. Two bounds are applied to the curvature values. Points with these bound curvature value are classified into two classes of feature points. In order to calculate the rotation angle between the two range images, the feature points are paired. That means the angle and the distance of the point pairs have to be transformed into a general view coordinate system. In the orientation matching procedure, we compare each pairing in the first image with each possible in the second one. This process is independent of the translation calculation which is calculated in a sequencing step. This pipelining principle speeds up the registration process if correspondences are calculated constantly.

关键词： Image registration

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