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Effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on executive function in children with preterm birth: A randomized crossover study

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Early Human Development 2023年第1期183卷 105795-105795页

作者： Chen, Feng-Tzu Feng, Sheng-Hsien Nien, Jui-Ti Cheng, Yi-Ting Chen, Ying-Chu Chang, Yu-Kai Department of Sports Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Leisure Industry Management National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Social Emotional Education and Development Center National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

Background: Acute exercise appears to promote executive function (EF) in children. However, the effect of acute exercise on EF in children with preterm birth (PB) remains unclear. Objective: To investigate whether acute moderate-intensity exercise improves EF in children with PB. Methods: Twenty child participants with PB (age = 10.95 ± 1.19 years, birth age = 31.71 ± 3.64 weeks) completed exercise and control sessions in a randomized crossover design. In the exercise session, participants completed a 30-minute period of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. In the control session, participants watched a video for appropriately 30 min. Following each session immediately, inhibitory control, an aspect of EF, was assessed with the Numerical Stroop task. Results: Response time (RT) for the Stroop's incongruent condition was shorter after the exercise session than after the control session. However, no differences were observed in RT for the congruent condition. Accuracy rate (ACC) in both congruent and incongruent conditions did not differ between exercise and control session. Conclusion: The findings support the beneficial effect of acute exercise on executive function (EF) in children with PB, particularly in terms of improving inhibitory control. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Children Cognitive function Executive control Inhibition Physical activity

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SSL-SoilNet: A Hybrid Transformer-based Framework with Self-Supervised learning for Large-scale Soil Organic Carbon Prediction

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Kakhani, Nafiseh Rangzan, Moien Jamali, Ali Attarchi, Sara Alavipanah, Seyed Kazem Mommert, Michael Tziolas, Nikolaos Scholten, Thomas The Department of Geosciences Soil Science and Geomorphology DFG Cluster of Excellence "Machine Learning" University of Tübingen CRC 1070 RessourceCultures Tübingen72070 Germany The Department of Remote Sensing and GIS Faculty of Geography University of Tehran Tehran Iran The Department of Geography Simon Fraser University 8888 University Dr BurnabyBCV5A 1S6 Canada The Faculty of Geomatics Computer Science and Mathematics Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart70174 Germany The Southwest Florida Research and Education Center Department of Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida 2685 State Rd 29N ImmokaleeFL34142 United States

Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) constitutes a fundamental component of terrestrial ecosystem functionality, playing a pivotal role in nutrient cycling, hydrological balance, and erosion mitigation. Precise mapping of SOC distribution is imperative for the quantification of ecosystem services, notably carbon sequestration and soil fertility enhancement. Digital soil mapping (DSM) leverages statistical models and advanced technologies, including machine learning (ML), to accurately map soil properties, such as SOC, utilizing diverse data sources like satellite imagery, topography, remote sensing indices, and climate series. Within the domain of ML, self-supervised learning (SSL), which exploits unlabeled data, has gained prominence in recent years. This study introduces a novel approach that aims to learn the geographical link between multimodal features via self-supervised contrastive learning, employing pretrained Vision Transformers (ViT) for image inputs and Transformers for climate data, before fine-tuning the model with ground reference samples. The proposed approach has undergone rigorous testing on two distinct large-scale datasets, with results indicating its superiority over traditional supervised learning models, which depends solely on labeled data. Furthermore, through the utilization of various evaluation metrics (e.g., RMSE, MAE, CCC, etc.), the proposed model exhibits higher accuracy when compared to other conventional ML algorithms like random forest and gradient boosting. This model is a robust tool for predicting SOC and contributes to the advancement of DSM techniques, thereby facilitating land management and decision-making processes based on accurate information. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Contrastive learning

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Relationship between Fast Mapping, Retention, and Expressive Vocabulary in Mandarin-Speaking Toddlers

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Bulletin of Educational Psychology 2022年第4期53卷 801-826页

作者： Lai, Pei-Yu Liu, Hui-Mei Department of Special Education National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan Department of Special Education Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan

Vocabulary development is an ongoing process that begins in early infancy and continues into early adulthood. Moreover, early word-learning abilities are strongly related to later literacy performance. Fast mapping (FM) is a critical word-learning mechanism for early vocabulary growth in 2–3-year-old toddlers. Aside from FM, retention is another crucial ability that enables children to retain and integrate a novel word into their lexicon. In the past, word-learning studies focused on how children learn a noun and were mostly based on English acquisition. According to the literature, word class can influence how children learn a new word;for example, among toddlers, learning the word for a novel action is more difficult than learning the word for an object, implying that learning verbs is harder than learning nouns. Some research has explained that many concrete nouns refer to naturally discrete referents. By contrast, even verbs with fairly concrete meanings (such as motion verbs) are more ambiguous than nouns. Owing to the high-frequency input of verbs and their salient position in a sentence, Mandarin is considered a verb-prominent language. researchers have also discovered that Mandarin-speaking toddlers have a higher ratio of verbs in their lexicon compared with similarly aged speakers of other languages. In the current study, we investigated (1) the scope and composition of toddlers’ lexicons;(2) the word-learning performance (FM, Retention, and Production) of 25–45-month-old Mandarin-speaking toddlers;(3) how word class affects toddlers’ performance in learning new words;and (4) the relationships between toddlers’ intrinsic word-learning abilities and their extrinsic lexicon. This study recruited 40 developmentally typical Taiwanese toddlers who met the following criteria: (1) first language was Mandarin and (2) were not developmentally delayed or physically or mentally impaired. The average participant age was 37 months (standard deviation [SD] = 5.15). We us

关键词： early vocabulary acquisition fast mapping lexicon Mandarin-speaking toddlers retention

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The NTNU Taiwanese ASR system for Formosa Speech Recognition Challenge 2020

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chao, Fu-An Lo, Tien-Hong Weng, Shi-Yan Chiu, Shih-Hsuan Sung, Yao-Ting Chen, Berlin Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

This paper describes the NTNU ASR system participating in the Formosa Speech Recognition Challenge 2020 (FSR-2020) supported by the Formosa Speech in the Wild project (FSW). FSR-2020 aims at fostering the development of Taiwanese speech recognition. Apart from the issues on tonal and dialectical variations of the Taiwanese language, speech artificially contaminated with different types of real-world noise also has to be dealt with in the final test stage;all of these make FSR-2020 much more challenging than before. To work around the under-resourced issue, the main technical aspects of our ASR system include various deep learning techniques, such as transfer learning, semi-supervised learning, front-end speech enhancement and model ensemble, as well as data cleansing and data augmentation conducted on the training data. With the best configuration, our system obtains 13.1 % syllable error rate (SER) on the final-test set, achieving the first place among all participating systems on Track 3. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

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New COVID-19 challenges and response strategies adopted by a national suicide prevention hotline: A qualitative study

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Death studies 2024年第1期48卷 54-63页

作者： I-Ting Hwang Fortune Fu-Tsung Shaw Wen-Yau Hsu Chen-I Kuan Guang-Yi Liu Shu-Sen Chang Department of Occupational Therapy College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan. Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Resource Development National Chi Nan University Nantou Taiwan. Department of Psychology National Chengchi University Taipei Taiwan. Research Center for Mind Brain and Learning National Chengchi University Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center Sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation Taipei Taiwan. Global Health Program College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Psychiatric Research Center Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan.

Crisis helplines provide important support for vulnerable individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may also impact the helplines. We explored the challenges that the pandemic brought to Taiwan's national suicide prevention hotline and the hotline's responses. We interviewed 14 hotline workers and conducted data analysis using the framework method. The pandemic posed two new challenges to the hotline: potential service interruption and the adjustment of perceived role among hotline workers. The hotline's well-formulated response plan helped it sustain its services during the pandemic, although the workers also experienced stress and frustration resulted from role ambiguity. Our data highlighted the hotline workers' need for accurate COVID-19 information, relevant training, and timely support.

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Hybrid Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo for Molecular Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Yixiao Zhang, Linfeng Weinan, E. Car, Roberto Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States AI for Science Institute Beijing100080 China DP Technology Beijing100080 China Center for Machine Learning Research School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing100084 China Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

We propose a quantum Monte Carlo approach to solve the many-body Schrödinger equation for the electronic ground state. The method combines optimization from variational Monte Carlo and propagation from auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo, in a way that significantly alleviates the sign problem. In application to molecular systems, we obtain highly accurate results for configurations dominated by either dynamic or static electronic correlation. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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An exploration of the value of artwork in an integrated STEAM competition

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Thinking Skills and Creativity 2025年 57卷

作者： Mao, Qiao Hong, Jon-Chao Language and Literature Branch Shaoxing University Yuanpei College No 2799 Qunxian Middle Road Zhejiang Shaoxing 312000 China Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University No.162 Heping East Road Section 1 Taipei 106209 Taiwan

With the integration of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics, or iSTEAM for short) education, there has been an increase in the number of related competitions. This study takes as an example the iSTEAM—PowerTech competition that has been conducted annually in Taiwan for approximately 25 years, in which students work in teams to create a wooden bionic miniature model on site and compete in terms of modeling aesthetics and speed. This study examined the essentiality of art in STEM after adding artwork to students' creation of miniature models. A qualitative study was conducted to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret relevant data through observation, interviews, and document analysis by selecting five student representatives and five instructors who won the Artwork Award in iSTEAM—PowerTech. The results found that when art was added to STEM: (1) The fit between the artwork and the body was key, and the artwork's size, weight, symmetry, balance, and stability affected the miniature model's mobility;(2) Students' interest in learning, creative thinking, and aesthetic literacy increased when making miniature models for the speed competition (e.g., relay racing), and they believed artwork was able to promote their STEM knowledge learning;and (3) Students thought they encountered more difficulties and problems when creating artwork for miniature models, because it required systematic thinking and continuous revision to integrate arts with STEM. © 2025

关键词： Artwork Competition Design thinking Design-based learning STEAM

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Comparing the effect of cognitive style on learners’ engagement levels and learning performance by analyzing LMS logs 26

Comparing the effect of cognitive style on learners’ engage...

引用

26th International Conference on Computers in Education, ICCE 2018

作者： Li, Liang-Yi Program of Learning Sciences Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789869721424

Teachers can publish a variety of multimedia learning materials on learning management system. Students can freely access these materials for their self-regulated learning. Students with different verbalizer-visualizer cognitive style may have different engagement levels in accessing different kinds of online multimedia learning materials, and thus may affect their learning performance. Therefore, this study analyzed the system logs for understanding the effects of verbalizer-visualizer cognitive style on students’ engagement levels and learning performance. The results revealed that cognitive style did not affect the engagement level of the students. However, students learning performance was affected by cognitive style. These results were then discussed. © 2018 Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education..All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Students

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The influence of volume-matched acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control in late-middle-aged and older adults: A neuroelectric study

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Psychophysiology 2023年第12期60卷 e14393页

作者： Chu, Chien-Heng Kao, Shih-Chun Hillman, Charles H. Chen, Feng-Tzu Li, Ruei-Hong Ai, Jing-Yi Chang, Yu-Kai Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States Department of Psychology Northeastern University Boston MA United States Department of Physical Therapy Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences Northeastern University Boston MA United States Department of Sports Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Social Emotional Education and Development Center National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

Acute aerobic exercise has been shown to benefit inhibitory control;however, less attention has been devoted to the effects of varying intensity and duration with a predetermined exercise volume. The current study assessed the influence of three distinct exercise conditions, each equated with a predesignated exercise volume but varied in terms of exercise durations and intensities, on inhibitory control utilizing both behavioral and neuroelectric measures obtained among late-middle-aged and older adults. Thirty-four adults (61.76 ± 0.80 years) completed three exercise conditions [i.e., a 30-min low-intensity exercise (LIE), a 20-min moderate-intensity exercise (MIE), and a 16-min high-intensity exercise (HIE)] and a non-exercise reading control condition (CON) on separate days. The exercise volumes of LIE and HIE were designed to match the exercise volume of MIE. Following cessation of each condition, the Stroop task was performed while event-related potentials were recorded. Improved behavioral performance (i.e., shorter response time, higher accuracy, and smaller interference scores) was observed after LIE, MIE, and HIE than CON (ps <.005). Additionally, whereas a larger P3b amplitude was only observed following MIE compared to CON (p <.01), larger N2 and smaller N450 amplitudes were observed following all three exercise conditions compared to CON (ps <.005). These findings suggested that while MIE may provide additional benefits for attentional resource allocation, exercise conditions volume matched to MIE resulted in superior inhibitory control, paralleled by modulations of the neural underpinnings of conflict monitoring/detection. © 2023 Society for Psychophysiological research.

关键词： acute exercise aging ERPs executive function interference N2 N450 P3b

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Comparing high school students’ online self-regulation and engagement in English language learning

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System 2023年 115卷

作者： Chunping Zheng Jyh-Chong Liang Ching Sing Chai Xu Chen Hanyong Liu School of Humanities Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Xitucheng Road Beijing 100876 China Program of Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Heping E. Rd. Taipei City 106 Taiwan Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Heping E. Rd. Taipei City 106 Taiwan Department of Curriculum and Instruction Faculty of Education Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong

Online self-regulation and engagement are key factors that facilitate student language learning in the physical absence of teachers. Few investigations have explored the potential impact of demographic variables such as urbanicity or ethnicity on online self-regulated learning. Such studies, however, can play a significant role in ensuring equity in education. We compared online self-regulation and engagement among three groups of secondary students from a metropolitan city and a rural area with mixed ethnicities. The ANOVA results indicated that there were significant differences between rural and urban groups, as well as between rural ethnic and urban non-ethnic groups. Partial least squares path analyses revealed commonalities and differences in the predictive relations. The rural-urban divide appears to be an important determinant of students’ online self-regulated learning. Cross-ethnic differences were also found regarding the relations between online self-regulation and engagement. This study deepens our understanding of secondary English learners from different socio-cultural- and economic backgrounds who are receiving online instruction. It calls for more efforts to close the digital divide between rural and urban education .

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