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Journal of Waste Management 2013年第1期2013卷

作者： Tanveer Mehedi Adyel Syed Hafizur Rahman Mohammad Moniruz Zaman Hossain Md. Sayem Mala Khan Md. Abdul Gafur S. M. Nazrul Islam School of Environmental Systems Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australiauwa.edu.au Department of Environmental Science Z. H. Sikder University of Science & Technology Modhupur Bhedergonj Shariatpur Dhaka 8024 *** Department of Environmental Sciences Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka 1342 Bangladeshjuniv.edu Institute of Glass and Ceramic Research and Testing Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Dhaka 1205 Bangladeshbcsir.gov.bd Department of Geological Sciences Jahangirnagar University Dhaka 1342 Bangladeshjuniv.edu Instrumentation and Calibration Service Laboratory Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Dhaka 1205 Bangladeshbcsir.gov.bd Pilot Plant and Process Development Center Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Dhaka 1205 Bangladeshbcsir.gov.bd Department of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Northern British Columbia 3333 University Way Prince George BC Canada V2N 4Z9unbc.ca

During the last decade, the growing load of sludge from textile industries, the top foreign exchange earning sector of Bangladesh, is a common nuisance to environmental system and community health. The present study was aimed to minimize the environmental impact from the disposal of Electrocoagulated Metal Hydroxide Sludge (EMHS) by using it as a partial substitute of clay in the manufacturing of construction material like building blocks (BBs). Different batches of normal and pressurized building blocks (NBBs and PBBs, resp.) were prepared using up to 50% EMHS with clay and then fired at a particular temperature. EMHS proportion in the mixture and firing temperature were two key factors determining the quality of BB. BB did not show any deformation or uneven surfaces at any of the examined firing temperature. At higher firing temperature and EMHS proportion, more weight loss and shrinkage of BB were noticed. Higher compressive strength and lower water adsorption were found at lower EMHS content and higher firing temperature. It was explored that NBB and PBB with 20 and 30% EMHS in clay, respectively, and fired at 1050 °C would be usable for nonloading applications; namely, ornamental bricks, decoration purposes, and fence of garden.

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Flexible heat exchanger networks

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Chemical engineering 2011年第4期118卷

作者： El-Temtamy, Seham Ali Gabr, Eman M. Department of Chemical Engineering Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Egypt Process Development Dept. Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Egypt

The article illustrates how to use sensitivity tables to design an optimum, flexible HEN for a multi-period process that is feasible for N periods of operations. The sensitivity tables approach is developed, automated and illustrated on an example problem. The use of sensitivity tables replaces rigorous simulation to study the passive response of internal and target network temperatures to changes in supply temperatures, heat capacity flowrates and effective values of heat transfer coefficients for the heat exchangers. Once sensitivity tables have been constructed for the base case, the variation of any of the network temperatures can be calculated by simple summation of the variations resulting from individual disturbances. The sensitivity tables approach can be used to design optimal flexible HEN for multiperiods process. The tables are constructed by detecting the variations of the base case temperatures due to disturbances in streams supply temperatures, heat capacity flowrates and heat transfer coefficients.

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

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Walking the Walk: Putting Design at the Heart of Business

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Design Management Review 2013年第2期24卷

作者： Paul Gardien Ferdy Gilsing Member of the Philips Company design board responsible for the strategic planning of the design function the design research and innovation program the development of new business and the design service portfolio. He studied industrial design engineering at the University of Delft in The Netherlands specializing in the use of computer‐aided design tools in the design practice. He has worked in Philips Design in a number of different areas ranging from product design and user interface design to multi‐media and internet design both in the professional and consumer domains. Senior manager of design strategy and innovation at Philips Design responsible for design function strategy development. He works to integrate design thinking and competences in Philips's strategy process. He also leads design programs in the area of innovation and consulting. Gilsing holds a master's degree in design management from the European Institute of Brand Management specializing in embedding design to improve business performance. He was educated as an industrial design engineer at the University of The Hague graduating in 2000.

Design thinking comes to Philips, the health and wellbeing company.

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Energy analysis of CaCO 3 calcination with CO 2 capture

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Energy Procedia 2011年 4卷 356-361页

作者： Shiying Lin Takashi Kiga Yin Wang Katsuhiro Nakayama Research & Development Department Japan Coal Energy Center Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Japan

One method for reducing CO 2 , the green house gas emissions is to capture CO 2 before it releases into the atmosphere and then sequestrate it. Active lime (main component, CaO) can be used to capture CO 2 in the exhaust gas or in the reactor from fossil fuels utilization effectively. That is calcium oxide (CaO) absorbs CO 2 to yield calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) (Eq.(1)), then the CaCO 3 is thermally decomposed to CaO again and release nearly pure CO 2 (Eq. (2)) for sequestration. To obtain a nearly pure CO 2 stream from CaCO 3 decomposition, the heat for decomposing CaCO 3 can be supplied by combusting fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, in a calciner with oxygen fuel combustion. The oxygen diluted by CO 2 (CO 2 cycle) or H 2 O (steam cycle), in order to obtain near pure CO 2 stream from CaCO 3 decomposition. In our previous studie s 4-6 , it was clarified that calcinations of limestone (main component, CaCO 3 ) in a fluidized bed calciner can be performed in CO 2 cycle atmosphere when the bed temperature was raised above 1293 K, whereas with 60% steam cycle in atmosphere, limestone can be decomposed at comparatively lower temperature, such as 1173 K. The decomposition conversions of the limestone were about 95% and 98%, in CO 2 cycle and in steam cycle atmospheres, respectively. Reducing the calcinations temperature of limestone was helpful to produce more than 30% active CaO as shown in previous stud y 4-6 . In this study, the energy of CaCO 3 calcination process by H 2 O (steam) cycle was analyzed and compared with CaCO 3 calcination process by CO 2 cycle. For process calculations, the mass and energy flows were calculated iteratively, based on the input and output balances, until err [(input–output)/input] was <0.01. Analysis showed that, although H 2 O (steam) cycle calcination had calcination energy more about 3.6% than CO 2 cycle due to water evaporation latent heat loss, however, the calcination energy per active CaO was lowest for H 2 O (steam) cycl

关键词： CO 2 sorbent Limestone calcinations Reactivity Energy Chemical loop

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Multi-Pass Simulation of Heavy Plate Rolling Including Intermediate Forced Cooling

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2011年第S1期18卷 506-510页

作者： E.J.Palmiere A.A.Howe H.C.Carey Institute for Microstructural and Mechanical Process Engineering:The University of Sheffield (IMMPETUS) Sir Robert Hadfield BuildingMappin StreetSheffieldS1 3JDUK Tata Steel Research Development &Technology Swinden Technology CentreMoorgateRotherham S60 3ARUK

Thermomechanical Controlled processing (TMCP) including accelerated cooling after the final hot rolling pass is a well-established technology,widely applied in HSLA steel plate ***,there are still certain limitations,especially for thicker *** rolling schedule includes a long holding period (HP) after the roughing stage to allow the temperature to fall sufficiently for optimised TMCP during *** Forced Cooling (IFC) applied during the HP can increase productivity by decreasing the required hold time,can restrict austenite grain growth,and can also improve the subsequent strain penetration in thick plate with further metallurgical ***-pass plane strain compression (PSC) tests have been performed on the thermomechanical compression (TMC) machine at Sheffield University including different severities of *** it is impossible to simulate all aspects of the temperature and strain gradients present in thick plates in laboratory specimens,and most of the tests were conducted at temperatures and strains calculated by Finite Element modelling as relevant to specific positions through the plate ***,some aspects of the gradients were addressed with tests using cold *** results have indeed shown that IFC can shorten the HP and reduce austenite grain growth and its variation across thick plate.

关键词： Steel plate rolling intermediate forced cooling plane strain compression recrystallisation grain growth finite element modelling temperature and strain distribution

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48.2: Advanced VA Mode with Fast Gray Scale Response and Wide Viewing Angle in a Bend Liquid Crystal Configuration

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SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 2012年第1期41卷

作者： Takehisa Sakurai Mitsuhiro Murata Toshihiro Matsumoto Tadashi Ohtake Shoichi Ishihara Shuichi Kozaki Katsuhiko Morishita Tsuyoshi Okazaki Takehiko Sakai Yoshiharu Kataoka Display Engineering Laboratories Corporate Research and Development Group Sharp Corporation 2613-1 Ichinomoto-cho Tenri Nara 632-8567 Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic System Engineering Faculty of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology 5-16-1 Omiya Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan Process Development Center Mobile Liquid Crystal Display Group Sharp Corporation 1177-1 Gosana Taki-cho Taki-gun Mie 519-2192 Japan

We have developed “Transverse Bend Alignment (TBA) mode”, an advanced VA mode where liquid crystal materials are driven by a combination of a lateral field and a vertical field. We have made TFT-LCDs with different spacings of comb-shaped electrodes to reduce the steepness of the V-T characteristics. By adjusting cell parameters, the LCD has wide viewing angle without color wash-out in oblique directions and fast response between all gray scale levels.

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Optimization of speed control algorithm to achieve minimum torque ripple for a switched reluctance motor drive via GA

Optimization of speed control algorithm to achieve minimum t...

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International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications (ICPESA)

作者： Hanif Tahersima Mohammadjafar Kazemsaleh Mohammadhossein Tahersima Navid Hamedi Process Engineering Development Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) Tehran Iran Electrical Engineering Department Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Electronic System Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto Japan

This study presents a speed controller design for a switched reluctance (SR) motor in order to achieve minimum torque ripple and high control performance. First of all, SR motor convertor designed for soft chopping is chosen. This converter as well as producing less torque ripple, provides more degrees of freedom for SR motor drive controller. A PID controller and a switching algorithm for turn-on and turn-off degree of each phase of motor form speed control loop of SR motor drive. The primary parameters of controller are achieved by try and error. But eventually an optimization algorithm to reach the goals and constraints in different set points is defined and its parameters are optimized with a Genetic Algorithm (GA). This algorithm optimized the turn-on and turn-off degrees of each phase, the parameters of PID controller in transient state, and parameters of PID controller that considered for reducing the torque ripple in steady state. Also, GA simultaneously obtains the optimum parameters of three nonlinear gains considered for fuzzy switching between the two PID controllers. The proposed control algorithm was simulated using MATLAB / Simulink software package and an application example of 8/6 SRM to validate the performance of designed algorithm.

关键词： Reluctance motors Torque Strontium Load modeling Switches Steady-state Transient analysis

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Robust porous SiOCH (k=2.5) for 28nm and beyond technology node

Robust porous SiOCH (k=2.5) for 28nm and beyond technology n...

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IEEE International Conference on Interconnect Technology

作者： Janghee Lee Sang Hoon Ahn Insun Jung Kyu-Hee Han Gyeonghee Kim Sang-Don Nam Woo Sung Jeon Byeong Hee Kim Gil Heyun Choi Siyoung Choi Ho-Kyu Kang Chilhee Chung Process Development Team Semiconductor Research and Development Center Samsung Electronics Company Limited Hwasung Gyeonggi South Korea AE Center Analytical Engineering Group Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Yongin si Gyeonggi South Korea

Robust p-SiOCH was deposited in a PECVD reactor using Si precursor with Si-C-C-Si bond structure. It achieved its elastic modulus of 8.4GPa at k=2.55, comparable to the reference silica-based p-SiOCH that has been widely evaluated among the major chipmakers. However, its post-integration k increase was ~0.1 on a 100nm-pitched single damascene line and negligible on a 90nm-pitched trench first metal hardmask dual damascene line. Its superb performance in plasma damage resistance without the sacrifice in its mechanical strength can be attributed to the presence of bridged carbon(s) between Si atoms in addition to the methyl functional group. According to 29 Si and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, bridged carbon and carbon in the methyl group exist approximately in 1:1 ratio in the robust p-SiOCH.

关键词： Robustness Carbon Plasmas Nuclear magnetic resonance Silicon Atomic measurements Resistance

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铂和HF掺杂的H-ZSM-5分子筛催化甲苯与甲醇烷基化反应(英文)

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催化学报 2010年第10期31卷 1209-1216页

作者： Ahmed K. ABOUL-GHEIT Ateyya A. ABOUL-ENEIN Ahmed E. AWADALLAH Salwa A. GHONEIM Eman A. EMAM Process Development Division Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Department of Petroleum Refining and Chemical Engineering College of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Suez Canal University

Toluene was alkylated with methanol in a flow type reactor at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C using H-ZSM-5 zeolite, 0.2%Pt/H-ZSM-5 and hydrofluorinated 0.2%Pt/H-ZSM-5 with HF concentrations of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, or 4.0%. Pt primarily enhances toluene conversion, total xylenes production, and p-xylene relative to its thermodynamic equilibrium. As the concentration of HF increases from 1.0% to 3.0%, the catalyst activity increases because of the increase in the number of acid sites and their strength. Additionally, the surface area and Pt dispersion also increases. An advantage of increased HF doping is that the formation of voluminous trimethylbenzene (TMB) byproducts is inhibited. However, at a HF concentration of 4.0%, Al and Si are partially leached and then deposited mostly in the wider catalytic pores. This was determined by evaluating the pore volume distribution and we determined that reactivity inhibition was ob-viously present and was due to diffusion restriction.

关键词： methanol toluene alkylation platinum hydrofluorination shape-selectivity ZSM-5

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Dynamic optimization of a batch pharmaceutical reaction using the design of dynamic experiments (DoDE): The case of an asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation reaction

Dynamic optimization of a batch pharmaceutical reaction usin...

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9th International Symposium on Dynamics and Control of process Systems, DYCOPS 2010

作者： Makrydaki, Foteini Georgakis, Christos Saranteas, Kostas Systems Research Institute and Chemical and Biological Engineering Tufts University Medford MA 02155 United States Sepracor Inc. Chemical Process Research and Development Sepracor Inc. Marlborough MA 01752 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783902661692

The present research work aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new methodology of Design of Dynamic Experiments (DoDE) in optimizing an important pharmaceutical reaction. An easily developed response surface model (RSM) is used instead of a hard to develop knowledge-driven process model. The DoDE approach allows the experimenter to introduce dynamic factors in the design, which during the RSM optimization are treated as all the other factors, simplifying the analysis significantly, leading to the rapid optimization of batch processes with respect to time-varying decision variables. The DoDE approach enables the discovery of optimal time-variant operating conditions that are better than the optimal time-invariant conditions discovered by the classical Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. In the present case of the asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation, 24 experiments are conducted for the DoDE approach and the best run results in a 45% improvement comparing to the best run of 17 runs of the DoE approach. This is achieved by applying a decreasing temperature profile during the batch reaction. Optimization of the economic performance index of the process through the respective response surface models defines an optimum operation. The DoDE optimum operation is better than the respective one through the DoE. The DoDE advantage increases as the required quality level for the final product is higher. For the medium quality, the DoDE approach results in an improvement of 30% over the DoE one. © 2009 IFAC.

关键词： Design of experiments

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