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THE STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS DESIGN PROGRAM - ITS IMPACT ON THE FLEET

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 87-99页

作者： WIERNICKI, CJ GOODING, TG NAPPI, NS Mr. Christopher J. Wiernicki:graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1980 with a B.E. degree in Structural Engineering. Upon graduation he began his professional career at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. As a structural engineer in the Surface Ship Structures Division Mr. Wiernicki was responsible for developing improved methods and procedures for designing and evaluating structural systems for surf ace combatants. Specific projects included design for producibility development and evaluation of automated ship structural design methods and participation in the structural design of the CG 49 Cruiser and the current DDG 51 Destroyer. In 1982 Mr. Wiernicki received his M.S. degree in Ocean Engineering from George Washington University. Mr. Wiernicki is a recipient of the SNAME 1982-82 Graduate Scholarship and is currently doing post graduate work in Naval Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology he is a member of ASNE SNAME ASCE and Chi Epsilon. Mr. Thomas G. Gooding:graduated in 1975 from the University of Michigan with B.S. degrees in Oceanography and Naval Architecture. After graduation he began his professional career at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NA VSEC) as a structural engineer. From 1975 till 1978 Mr. Gooding worked in the area of ship dry docking and was the structural task leader on the complex overhaul ofUSS Long Beach (CGN-9). Mr. Gooding returned to the University of Michigan to receive a M.S. in Naval Architecture in 1979. Currently Mr. Gooding is the structural task leader on the DDGX/DDG 51 program at the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). Mr. Gooding is a member of SNAME and the Naval Institute. Mr. Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering and received his M.S. in Civil Engineering from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1964 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a Naval Architect (Structure) performing detail structural design and fabrication s

The structural design of a ship's section is a complicated, repetitive and time consuming task. With the advent of new technology, high speed computers have enabled the ship designer to accomplish in a matter of seconds what would formerly take days to accomplish by hand. The Structural Synthesis Design Program (SSDP) is a N avy developed computer-aided design tool which is used to design (or to analyze) the longitudinal scantlings for a variety of ship cross sections, consisting of any practical combinations of decks, platforms, bulkheads and materials, i.e., various steel and aluminum alloys. The final hull section design will have the lowest practical weight for the chosen geometric configuration, structural arrangements, and imposed loadings. The scantling developed by the program will satisfy all U.S. N avy ship structural design criteria. An explanation of the objective and design elements of N avy ship structures is included. The rationale behind the SSDP design philosophy is developed along with the significant program capabilities. In an attempt to highlight the influence of automated design procedures on the current naval ship design process, the effect of the SSDP on the DDG 51 destroyer structural development is addressed.

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WATER-ENERGY CONSERVATION IN NAVY SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 264-270页

作者： SCHATZBERG, P MCPHEE, AD KELLY, CM LARD, EW Mr. Pad Schatzberg received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Western Maryland College and his M.S. degree in Chemistry from Duke University. He is currently a Senior Research Chemist in the Environmental Protection Division David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. He has authored I7 technical papers and holds two patents in the areas of Physical Chemistry Lubrication and Wear and Environmental Protection. He is a member of the American Chemical Society and is listed in AmericanMen andWomen ofScience. Mr. Archie D. McPhee received his B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Alberta (Canada) and his M.E. degree in Chemical Engineering from New York University. He is currently a Chemical Engineer in the Environmental Protection Division David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Previously he was a Research Chemical Engineer at the National Marine Fisheries Service and a Process Engineer for Conoco FMC B.F. Goodrich and Exxon Corporations. He is a member of the American Institute of Professional Engineers Canadian Council of Engineers Alberta Association of Professional Engineers and the Water Pollution Control Federation. Mr. Charles M. Kelly received his B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Maryland. He is currently a Chemical Engineer in the Environmental Protection Division David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center where his efforts have focused on solving engineering problems in pollution abatement and energy conservation. He holds two patents dealing with a reduced-flow. water-conserving bathing shower. Mr. Edwin W. Lard received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Arkansas State University and his M.S. degree in Organic Chemistry from Memphis State University. He is currently a Chemist in the Environmental Protection Division David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Previously he was a Research Supervisor at the Washington Research Center of W.R. Grace and Company a Senior Chemist for th

Maintaining adequate underway production of fresh water for potable and boilerfeed consumption her been a chronic problem for many Navy ships for decades. Although “energy free” low pressure auxiliary exhaust steam is used in water production, a recent investigation ( Naval Engineers Journal , April 1976) concluded that a significant net energy cost is involved. This energy cost has become more significant due to 1) the rapid rise in fuel costs and 2) the reduction in available auxiliary exhaust steam as the Navy's Energy Conservation Program becomes implemented. Indeed, as the Navy's ships begin to increase their operating efficiency, the energy cost of fresh water will rice. Many ships exceed their water allocation of 30 gal/man-day by 10 to 20 gallons. A goal was set to demonstrate that potable water consumption can be reduced by 20 to 25 gal/mm-day without Impairing “Hotel” services by the use of water conserving approaches such as reduced-flow showers; a modified laundry procedure; installation of flow meters at key locations; and other techniques. This conservation was demonstrated successfully during extended underway periods in USS Saratoga (CV-60) and USS Jonas Ingram (DD-938). Fleet-wide implementation of these conservation approaches could save the Navy millions of dollars.

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SEAKEEPING BY DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 157-178页

作者： COMSTOCK, EN KEANE, RG Mr. Edward N. Comstock is currently Head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Section (SEA 32132) of the Hull Form Design Performance and Stability Branch Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering in 1970 and his M.S. degree in Ship Hydrodynamics in 1974 both from the University of Michigan. Mr. Comstock began his professional career with the U.S. Navy in 1974 as a Seakeeping Specialist in the Hull Form and Fluid Dynamics Branch of the former Naval Ship Engineering Center being involved in improving the design of naval ships through the integration of R&D technology advances into the ship design process. His efforts prior to 1980 were mainly aimed at developing and establishing Seakeeping Performance Assessment and Design Practices. Other responsibilities have included numerous ship performance investigations in still water and in the sea environment in support of ship design and specific Fleet problems. Prior to his employment by the Navy he worked in the Structural and Hydrodynamic Groups of General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division. There his activities spanned the areas of Submarine structural and Hydrodynamic Design and Construction. A member of ASNE since 1978. he is also a member of ASE and SNAME and has been active in supporting the efforts of the SNAME H-7 (Seakeeping) Panel the National Science Foundation (NSF). and the NATO Naval Armaments Group 6/Sub-Group 5 (Seakeeping). Mr. Robert G. Keane Jr. is presently Head of the Hull Form Design. Performance and Stability Branch (SEA 3213). Ship Design and Integration Directorate (SEA 03). Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received his B.E.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from The Johns Hopkins University in 1962. his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1967. and his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture from the University of Michigan in 1970. Additionally he has done graduate work in Management Science and Operations Research at The Johns Ho

“Seakeeping … is the ability of our ships to go to sea, and Successfully and safely execute their missions despite adverse environmental factors.” — VAdm. R.E. Adamson. USN In June 1975, VAdm. R.E. Adamson, USN, then Commander Naval Surface Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, addressed the participants of the Seakeeping Workshop [1] and established what has come to be a most profound definition of seakeeping as it relates to the U.S. Navy. In those few words he identified the two major issues facing the operator today and provided the focus for all subsequent seakeeping efforts within the design community at the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). For it is these two hues of mission sum and safety at sea which are addressed within NAVSEA, for each new ship design and for ships in the Fleet, in terms of: SEAKEEPING PERFORMANCE — Ability to execute mission in a sea environment, and SEAWORTHINESS — Ability to survive in an extreme sea environment. In the past, the design of ships exhibiting superior seakeeping performance and seaworthiness and seaworthiness has been looked upon by many as an art or an academic exercise. The objective of this paper then is to demonstrate clearly that the ability of our ships to execute their missions successfully and safely in a sea environment is not by chance but by design.

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The structure of cobalt films formed on rocksalt and mica by vacuum evaporation

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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 1970年第8期9卷 875-878页

作者： Kato, Teruo Ogawa, Shiro The Research Institute for Iron Steel and Other Metals Tohoku University Sendai Japan Process Engineering Development Department Semiconductor and Integrated Circuits Division Hitachi Ltd. Kodaira Tokyo Japan

The structure and orientation of cobalt films several hundred Å thick formed on cleavage faces of rocksalt and mica by vacuum evaporation under the pressure of 10-7-10-6 Torr have been studied by transmission ele...

The structure and orientation of cobalt films several hundred Å thick formed on cleavage faces of rocksalt and mica by vacuum evaporation under the pressure of 10-⁷-10^-6 Torr have been studied by transmission electron diffraction in relation to the substrate temperature. When the temperature is low, the h.c.p. and f.c.c. phases coexist in cobalt films formed on both the substrates, but as the temperature is elevated, the h.c.p. phase becomes predominant on mica and the f.c.c. phase does on rocksalt, resulting in the films consisting purely of the single phases at temperatures above 300°C. Even films formed on rocksalt at the temperature at which only the single phase is formed at a large thickness have been observed to consist of the two phases at a small thickness. © 1970 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.

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Integrating Global Climate Change Mitigation Goals with Other Sustainability Objectives: A Synthesis

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Environment and Resources 1000年第1期40卷 363-394页

作者： Christoph von Stechow David McCollum Keywan Riahi Jan C. Minx Elmar Kriegler Detlef P. van Vuuren Jessica Jewell Carmenza Robledo-Abad Edgar Hertwich Massimo Tavoni Sevastianos Mirasgedis Oliver Lah Joyashree Roy Yacob Mulugetta Navroz K. Dubash Johannes Bollen Diana Ürge-Vorsatz Ottmar Edenhofer 3Department of Economics of Climate Change Technical University Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany 2Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change 10829 Berlin Germany 1Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research 14412 Potsdam Germany email: stechow@*** 4Energy Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis A-2361 Laxenburg Austria 5Institute of Thermal Engineering Graz University of Technology A-8010 Graz Austria 6Hertie School of Governance 10117 Berlin Germany 8Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Utrecht University 3584 CS Utrecht the Netherlands 7Department of Climate Air and Energy PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency 3720 AH Bilthoven the Netherlands 9Department of Environmental Systems Science USYS TdLab ETH Zürich 8092 Zürich Switzerland 10Industrial Ecology Programme Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim Norway 12Department of Management and Economics Politecnico di Milano 20156 Milan Italy 11Climate Change and Sustainable Development Programme Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Centro Euromediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici 20123 Milan Italy 13Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development National Observatory of Athens GR-15236 Penteli Greece 14Wuppertal Institute for Climate Environment and Energy 10178 Berlin Germany 15Department of Economics and Global Change Program Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 India 16Department of Science Technology Engineering and Public Policy University College London London W1T 6EY United Kingdom 17Centre for Policy Research New Delhi 110021 India 18CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis 2585 JR The Hague the Netherlands 19Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy Central European University 1051 Budapest Hungary

Achieving a truly sustainable energy transition requires progress across multiple dimensions beyond climate change mitigation goals. This article reviews and synthesizes results from disparate strands of literature on the coeffects of mitigation to inform climate policy choices at different governance levels. The literature documents many potential cobenefits of mitigation for nonclimate objectives, such as human health and energy security, but little is known about their overall welfare implications. Integrated model studies highlight that climate policies as part of well-designed policy packages reduce the overall cost of achieving multiple sustainability objectives. The incommensurability and uncertainties around the quantification of coeffects become, however, increasingly pervasive the more the perspective shifts from sectoral and local to economy wide and global, the more objectives are analyzed, and the more the results are expressed in economic rather than nonmonetary terms. Different strings of evidence highlight the role and importance of energy demand reductions for realizing synergies across multiple sustainability objectives.

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The absolute configuration of thujane

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Tetrahedron 1966年第1期22卷 309-320页

作者： Ohloff, G. Uhde, G. Thomas, A.F. Kováts, E.sz. Firmenich et Cie. Laboratory for Process Development La Plaine Geneva Switzerland Firmenich et Cie. Research Laboratories Geneva Switzerland Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Zürich Switzerland

(+)-cis- and (+)-trans-Thujane (XIV and XV) have been correlated with (+)-pulegone (IX) via (+)-pulegene (XIII). Using stereospecific reactions, the hydrocarbons of the thujane series have been linked with their oxygenated members. The absolute configurations found by Norin for these substances are in accord with our findings. © 1966.

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Carbon Leakage, Consumption, and Trade

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Environment and Resources 1000年第1期47卷 753-795页

作者： Michael Grubb Nino David Jordan Edgar Hertwich Karsten Neuhoff Kasturi Das Kaushik Ranjan Bandyopadhyay Harro van Asselt Misato Sato Ranran Wang William A. Pizer Hyungna Oh 1UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London United Kingdom email: m.grubb@ucl.ac.uk 2Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Gløshaugen Norway 3Climate Policy Department German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) Berlin Germany 4Institute of Management Technology Ghaziabad Delhi NCR India 5Indian Institute of Management Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India 7Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands 6University of Eastern Finland Law School University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland 8Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment London School of Economics and Political Science London United Kingdom 9Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) Leiden University Leiden Netherlands 10Resources for the Future Washington DC USA 11Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi South Korea

We review the state of knowledge concerning international CO2 emission transfers associated particularly with trade in energy-intensive goods and concerns about carbon leakage arising from climate policies. The historical increase in aggregate emission transfers from developing to developed countries peaked around 2006 and declined since. Studies find no evidence that climate policies lead to carbon leakage, but this is partly due to shielding of key industrial sectors, which is incompatible with deep decarbonization. Alternative or complementary consumption-based approaches areneeded. Private sector initiatives to trace and address carbon emissions throughout supply chains have grown substantially but cannot compensate for inadequate policy. Three main price-based approaches to tackling carbon leakage are potentially compatible with international trade rules: border adjustments on imports, carbon consumption charges, and climate excise contributions combined with emissions trading. We also consider standards and public procurement options to tackle embodied emissions. Finally, we discuss proposals for carbon clubs involving cooperation among a limited set of countries.

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Filament Wound Structural Model Studies for Deep Submergence Vehicles

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Naval Engineers Journal 1965年第2期77卷 275-290页

作者： MYERS, N. FINK, B. Norbert C. Myers B.S. Aeronautical Engineering Northrop Institute of Technology. Currently engaged in structural and materials research concerning reinforced plastics particularly the filament-winding process. Past experience includes four years with Northrop Corporation 9 years with the Zenith Plastics Division of Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company and two years with the H. I. Thompson Fiber Glass Company. Mr. Myers is presently manager of the Structural Development Section. Mr. Fink has served the aircraft and aerospace industry in the capacity of an engineering specialist for the past twenty-three years. He has participated extensively in programs covering the total spectrum in development of aircraft both fixed and rotary wing ground effect machines fiber glass boats plastic rocket motor cases and currently fiber reinforced plastic structures. Mr. Fink has had long and successful associations with Vehicle Research Corp. Aerojet General Glasspar Boat Fairchild Stratos Norair and other organizations. Now he is employed as a Technical Specialist at H. I. Thompson Fiber Glass Co. He held a degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Pasadena City College and has studied at Universities of Southern California and California. He is a registered Professional Engineer of the State of California (NE 6962).

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Industry Transformations for High Service Provisioning with Lower Energy and Material Demand: A Review of Models and Scenarios

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Environment and Resources 1000年第1期49卷 249-279页

作者： Dominik Wiedenhofer Jan Streeck Frauke Wiese Elena Verdolini Alessio Mastrucci Yiyi Ju Benigna Boza-Kiss Jihoon Min Jonathan Norman Hanspeter Wieland Nuno Bento María Fernanda Godoy León Leticia Magalar Andreas Mayer Simone Gingrich Ayami Hayashi Joni Jupesta Gamze Ünlü Leila Niamir Tao Cao Marianne Zanon-Zotin Barbara Plank Johan Vélez-Henao Eric Masanet Volker Krey Keigo Akimoto Arnulf Grubler Bas van Ruijven Stefan Pauliuk 1Institute of Social Ecology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria email: Dominik.Wiedenhofer@boku.ac.at 2Department for Sustainable Energy Transition Europa-Universität Flensburg Flensburg Germany 3Law Department University of Brescia Brescia Italy 4Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC Foundation) Lecce Italy 5RFF-CMCC European Institute on Economics and the Environment Milan Italy 6International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg Austria 7Waseda Institute for Advanced Study Tokyo Japan 8Institute for Future Initiatives University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan 9School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom 10University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE) Lisbon Portugal 11Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium 12Centre for Energy and Environmental Economics (Cenergia) Energy Planning Program (PPE) COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil 13Department of Geography University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria 14Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth Kizugawa Japan 15Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability United Nations University Shibuya Japan 16Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands 17Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany 18Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara California USA 19Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway

Developing transformative pathways for industry's compliance with international climate targets requires model-based insights into how supply- and demand-side measures affect industry, material cycles, global supply chains, socioeconomic activities, and service provisioning that support societal well-being. We review the recent literature modeling the industrial system in low energy and material demand futures, which mitigates environmental impacts without relying on risky future negative emissions and technological fixes. We identify 77 innovative studies drawing on nine distinct industry modeling traditions. We critically assess system definitions and scopes, biophysical and thermodynamic consistency, granularity and heterogeneity, and operationalization of demand and service provisioning. We find that combined supply- and demand-side measures could reduce current economy-wide material use by 56%, energy use by 40% to 60%, and greenhouse gas emissions by 70% to net zero. We call for strengthened interdisciplinary collaborations between industry modeling traditions and demand-side research to produce more insightful scenarios, and we discuss challenges and recommendations for this emerging field.

关键词： climate change mitigation sustainable resource use integrated assessment modeling IAM ecological economics industrial ecology

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Energy Technology 2016 1

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丛书名： The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series

1000年

作者： Li Li Donna Post Guillen Neale R. Neelameggham Lei Zhang Jingxi Zhu Xuan Liu Soumendra N. Basu Nawshad Haque Tao Wang Dirk E. Verhulst Amit Pandey

ISBN: (数字)9783319481821

ISBN: (纸本)9783319486192

Topics on CO2 sequestration and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from process engineering and materials for clean energy are covered. Papers addressing sustainable technologies in extractive metallurgy, materials processing and manufacturing industries with reduced energy consumption and CO2 emission are also included, as well as industrial energy efficient technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, recycling and waste heat recovery. The book also carries contributions from all areas of non-nuclear and non-traditional energy sources, including renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, etc. The book also emphasizes novel mineral beneficiation, processing, and extraction techniques leading to waste minimization of critical rare-earth materials used in energy systems (e.g., magnets, display and lighting devices).

关键词： Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Energy Systems Materials engineering

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