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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： A. Casals J. Fernandez J. Amat Dep. Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya Barcelona SPAIN Robotics Institute. (lRI) UPC/CSIC Barcelona SPAIN

Teleoperation in harsh environments has to tackle the problem of working with images of poor quality, as the visual feedback means for the human operator. This paper describes a procedure for image augmentation, based on the models of the scene elements, which are built from the images acquired in a previous phase, before the execution of the task, when the visual environment conditions are still good enough.

关键词： Augmented reality Layout Robots TV Optical sensors Optical feedback Automatic control control engineering computing robotics and automation Operating systems

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DEXTERITY IMPROVEMENT IN TELEOPERATION THROUGH computer VISION BASED AUTOMATIC CORRECTION

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2002年第1期35卷 473-478页

作者： J. Amat A. Casals L. Muñoz M. las Heras Robotics Institute. (IRI) UPC / CSIC Llorens Artigas 4-6 2a pt. 08028 Barcelona SPAIN Dep. Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

Robot manipulation through teleoperation requires some ability from a human operator. This requirement is stronger when the tridimensional scene is observed through a 2D monitor. This paper describes a telemanipulation aiding system based on the superposition of a position correction component to the manual orders given by the human operator, through his gestures. This correction will enable the slave arm to move quicker when it is far from the target, while moving slower and more precisely when it operates close to the target, thus, the system behaves as if an external attraction force appear around the possible objects to be manipulated.

关键词： Telerobotics Telemanipulation computer Vision Man-Machine Interface Stereo Vision

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An extension of weighted strategy sharing in cooperative Q-learning for specialized agents

An extension of weighted strategy sharing in cooperative Q-l...

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International Conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： S.M. Eshgh M.N. Ahmadabadi School of Intelligent Systems Institute of Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics Tehran Iran Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Using other agents' experiences and knowledge, a learning agent may learn faster, make fewer mistakes, and create some rides for unseen situations. These benefits will be gained if the learning agents know the area of expertise and the expertness values of each other. In this paper, some Q-learning agents with different skills and expertness levels cooperate in learning. The agents use some criteria to judge others information and knowledge. Four expertness criterion, certainty and entropy measures are used to assign degrees of importance to others' Q-Tables. Effects of measuring these values based on their whole Q-Table, a portion of Q-Tables that reflects their proficiencies, and the states in Q-Tables on the learning quality are studied. Simple strategy sharing and two different weighted strategy-sharing methods are used to combine the acquired knowledge from different agents.

关键词： Intelligent robots Intelligent agent Process control control systems Intelligent control Laboratories Intelligent systems Physics Mathematics Entropy

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Certainty and expertness-based credit assignment for cooperative Q-Learning agents with an AND-type task

Certainty and expertness-based credit assignment for coopera...

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International Conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： A. Harati M.N. Ahmadabadi School of Intelligent Systems Institute of Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics Tehran Iran Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence & AI and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

In multiagent reinforcement learning, inter-agent credit assignment is a fundamental problem, since a single scalar reinforcement signal is the only reliable feedback that teams of learning agents receive. This problem is more critical in groups of independent learners with a joint task. In this research, it is assumed that a critic agent receives the environment feedback and assigns a proper credit to each agent using some measures. Three of such measures for a team of cooperative agents with a parallel and AND-type task are introduced. These measures somehow compare the agents' knowledge. One of these criteria, called normal expertness, is a non-relative measure while two other ones (certainty and relative normal expertness) are relative measure. It is experimentally shown that relative measures work better as they contain more information for the critic agent.

关键词： Feedback Intelligent agent Intelligent robots Process control control systems Intelligent control Artificial intelligence Robot kinematics Physics computing Reliability engineering

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Interactive simulation of teeth cleaning

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International Congress Series 2001年第C期1230卷 682-688页

作者： Gockel, T. Salb, T. Weyrich, T. Burgert, O. Dillmann, R. Department for Computer Science Institute for Process Control Robotics Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

In this paper, an interactive simulation system for teeth cleaning is presented. This simulation system offers assistance for optimizing design and manufacturing of new toothbrushes. Data acquisition and pre-processing techniques for the model generation are shown, an editor for modelling of the elastic behaviour of the toothbrush parts is presented and the mathematical method for modelling of flexible parts of the toothbrush is explained. After the introduction of the PHANToM haptoid and the explanation of a new approach to collision detection, first results of the project are shown. © 2001, Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Interactive simulation system Teeth cleaning Toothbrush

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Automated generated collision-free time optimized robot movements in industrial environments based on rounding

Automated generated collision-free time optimized robot move...

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IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)

作者： B. Hein M. Salonia H. Worn Computer Science Department Institute for Process Control and Robotics University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)078037004X

This paper presents a new approach to optimized notion planning for industrial robot arms with six degrees of freedom in an online given 3D environment. The method is based on the A*-search algorithm and needs no essential off-line computations. The algorithm works in an implicitly discrete configuration space. Collisions are detected in the Cartesian workspace by hierarchical distance computation based on the given CAD model. The collision-free result path is then optimized in execution time using rounding, a common command of every standard robot controller in the industry.

关键词： Service robots robotics and automation Industrial control Orbital robotics Robot control computer industry Defense industry Process planning Robot programming computer science

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A volume-based process model for computer-assisted surgery

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International Congress Series 2001年第C期1230卷 8-13页

作者： Däuber, S. Krempien, R. Schorr, O. Brief, J. Hassfeld, S. Wörn, H. Department of Computer Science University of Karlsruhe (TH) Institute for Process Control and Robotics 76128 Karlsruhe Kaiserstraße 12 Germany Department of Clinical Radiology University of Heidelberg Hedelberg Germany Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Heidelberg Hedelberg Germany

computer systems, which assists surgical procedures, are more and more leaving the status of being mere prototypes [1-4]. It is increasingly necessary for the surgeons and developers to ensure the quality, accuracy and security of their systems. Standards may help to achieve these objects. In this work, we present a standard which deals with the inaccuracies emerging in the particular steps of a CAS procedure. It is based on the definition of radiotherapy procedures as provided by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) [5]. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： Accuracy computer-assisted surgery Standardization

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Remotely controllable mobile microrobots acting as nano positioners and intelligent tweezers in scanning electron microscopes (SEMs)

Remotely controllable mobile microrobots acting as nano posi...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： F. Schmoeckel H. Worn Institute for Process Control and Robotics Computer Science Department Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0780365763

In the scanning electron microscope, many studies require micromanipulation tools that can be flexibly and comfortably used for the handling and positioning of objects ranging from a few millimeters down to fractions of microns. In the paper, some aspects of the control of small mobile microrobots by teleoperation are addressed facing the special behavior of their piezoelectric actuators and the challenge of handling tasks in ranges of very different orders of magnitude (100 nm-100 mm). In order to give the teleoperated tweezers a kind of low-level "intelligence", a control loop using the SEM as a sensor system is being developed. In different open-loop handling experiments, the employed 6D-mouse proves satisfactory as an intuitive user interface.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy Electron mobility Piezoelectric actuators Intelligent control Intelligent sensors Intelligent actuators Open loop systems control systems Sensor systems User interfaces

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Flexible Mobile Microrobots for Various Remote-controlled Micro-Manipulating Tasks

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2001年第9期34卷 327-331页

作者： Jörg Seyfried Ferdinand Schmoeckel Axel Bürkle Heinz Wörn Institute for Process Control and Robotics (IPR) Computer Science Department Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Kaiserstrasse 12 D-76128 Karlsruhe Germany

The handling of objects smaller than 1 mm is a great challenge for the robotics research community. Applications are the handling of biological cells, teleoperation under vacuum conditions (e.g. inside a scanning electron microscope - SEM) or the manufacture of prototypes of microsystems. In this paper, some aspects of the control of small mobile microrobots by teleoperation are addressed. The employed 6D-mouse proves satisfactory as an intuitive user interface. A distributed control and planning architecture is presented as well as a closed-loop control approach basing on a sensor system that mainly consists of a standard SEM.

关键词： Microsystems Assembly robots Telemanipulation Biotechnology Microscopes

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O 2 CA 2 : A New Hybrid control Architecture for a Low Cost AUV

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2001年第7期34卷 311-316页

作者： P. Ridao M. Carreras J. Batlle J. Amat Computer Vision and Robotics Group Institute of Informatics and Applications University of Girona Edifici Politècnica II Campus Montilivi 17071 Girona Spain Department of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Politechnical University of Catalunya. Pau Gargallo n°5 08028 Barcelona (Spain).

The Object Oriented control Architecture for Autonomy (O 2 CA 2 ) is a control architecture being developed at the University of Girona for the GARBI underwater vehicle. Conceived as a hybrid, it is organised in three layers (Deliberative, control Execution and Reactive) merging the deliberation mechanisms of planning with reactive behaviours in charge of controlling the robot. The aim of this paper is to provide an overall description of the whole architecture and an in depth description of the Reactive-layer. The concepts of the architecture have been tested with the simulation of a simple mission consisting of navigating through a sequence of way-points while avoiding contact with obstacles.

关键词： Autonomous Vehicles control architectures behaviour fuzzy systems guidance navigation marine systems

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