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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ammermann, Joshua Jordan, Sven Linsbauer, Lukas Schaefer, Ina Karlsruhe Germany Group IT Solution & Enterprise Architecture Volkswagen AG Wolfsburg Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

software maintenance is an important part of a software system's life cycle. Maintenance tasks of existing software systems suffer from architecture information that is diverging over time (architectural drift). The Digital Architecture Twin (DArT) can support software maintenance by providing up-to-date architecture information. For this, the DArT gathers such information and co-evolves with a software system, enabling continuous reverse engineering. But the crucial link for stakeholders to retrieve this information is missing. To fill this gap, we contribute the Architecture Information Query Language (AIQL), which enables stakeholders to access up-to-date and tailored architecture information. We derived four application scenarios in the context of continuous reverse engineering. We showed that the AIQL provides the required functionality to formulate queries for the application scenarios and that the language scales for use with real-world software systems. In a user study, stakeholders agreed that the language is easy to understand and assessed its value to the specific stakeholder for the application scenarios. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Query languages

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FLEXIBLE CORRECT-BY-CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMMING

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Runge, Tobias Bordis, Tabea Potanin, Alex Thüm, Thomas Schaefer, Ina Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics TU Braunschweig Germany School for Data-Science and Computational Thinking Stellenbosch University South Africa School of Computing Australian National University Australia Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Ulm Germany

Correctness-by-Construction (CbC) is an incremental program construction process to construct functionally correct programs. The programs are constructed stepwise along with a specification that is inherently guaranteed to be satisfied. CbC is complex to use without specialized tool support, since it needs a set of predefined refinement rules of fixed granularity which are additional rules on top of the programming language. Each refinement rule introduces a specific programming statement and developers cannot depart from these rules to construct programs. CbC allows to develop software in a structured and incremental way to ensure correctness, but the limited flexibility is a disadvantage of CbC. In this work, we compare classic CbC with CbC-Block and TraitCbC. Both approaches CbC-Block and TraitCbC, are related to CbC, but they have new language constructs that enable a more flexible software construction approach. We provide for both approaches a programming guideline, which similar to CbC, leads to well-structured programs. CbC-Block extends CbC by adding a refinement rule to insert any block of statements. Therefore, we introduce CbC-Block as an extension of CbC. TraitCbC implements correctness-by-construction on the basis of traits with specified methods. We formally introduce TraitCbC and prove soundness of the construction strategy. All three development approaches are qualitatively compared regarding their programming constructs, tool support, and usability to assess which is best suited for certain tasks and developers. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Formal verification

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Comparing Automated Reuse of Scripted Tests and Model-Based Tests for Configurable software

Comparing Automated Reuse of Scripted Tests and Model-Based ...

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Asia-Pacific Conference on software engineering

作者： Stefan Fischer Rudolf Ramler Lukas Linsbauer Software Competence Center Hagenberg GmbH Hagenberg Austria Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665437851

Highly configurable software gives developers more flexibility to meet different customer requirements and enables users to better tailor software to their needs. However, variability causes higher complexity in software and complicates many development processes, such as testing. One major challenge for testing of configurable software is adjusting tests to fit different configurations, which often has to be done manually. In our previous work, we evaluated the use of an automated reuse technique to support the reuse of existing tests for new configurations. Research on automated reuse of model variants and on applying model-based testing to configurable software encouraged us to also evaluate the automated reuse of model-based test variants. The goal is to investigate differences in applying automated reuse to the different testing paradigms. Our evaluation provides evidence for the usefulness of automated reuse for both testing paradigms. Nonetheless we found some differences in the robustness of tests to small inaccuracies of the reuse approach.

关键词： software Robustness Complexity theory Testing software engineering

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Automated Reuse of Test Cases for Highly Configurable software Systems

Automated Reuse of Test Cases for Highly Configurable Softwa...

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Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs softwaretechnik, software engineering 2021 - Conference of the GI software engineering Section, SE 2021

作者： Fischer, Stefan Michelon, Gabriela Karoline Ramler, Rudolf Linsbauer, Lukas Egyed, Alexander Hagenberg Austria Johannes Kepler University Institute for Software Systems Engineering Linz Austria LIT Secure and Correct Systems Lab Linz Austria Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797043

In this work, we report about our research results [Fi20] initially published in the journal Empirical software engineering, volume 25, issue 6, pp. 5295-5332, November 2020, https://***/10.1007/s10664-020-09884-x. We performed experiments on test reusability across configurations of highly configurable software systems. First, we used manually written tests for specific configurations of three configurable systems and investigated how changing configuration options affects these tests. Subsequently, we applied an approach developed for automated reuse, ECCO (Extraction and Composition for Clone-and-Own), to automatically generate tests for new configurations from the existing, manually written tests. The experiments showed that our generated tests had a higher or equal success rate compared to direct reuse and they generally achieved a higher code coverage. It can be concluded that automating the reuse of tests for configurable software can substantially reduce the effort for adapting existing tests and it supports a rigorous testing process. © 2020 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Reusability

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Evaluation of highway-pilot function based on FMEA safety analysis

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Periodica Polytechnica Transportation engineering 2020年第3期48卷 253-259页

作者： Bényei, Ádám Vida, Gabor Pintér, Krisztián Szalay, Zsolt Ágoston, György Department of Automotive Technologies Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics P. O. B. 91 BudapestH-1521 Hungary Department of Software Development and Application Institute of Informatics University of Dunaújváros Dunaújváros P. O. B. 152 H-2401 Hungary

Cybersecurity is becoming more and more relevant. Autonomous vehicles handle large amounts of data and can connect to more and more existing devices, smartphones, tablets, or even other cars and systems. This poses the risk of unauthorized access to data. Theoretically cars have separate computer units, operate in isolation, and are not connected, so there is less possibility to be attacked. However if the vehicles are interconnected, hackers can have easier access to personal data. They can get information about the location of the car owner, their typical trips, and, for example, allow an intruder to know when the tracked person is not at home. Furthermore it can also be happened that the vehicle operation is maliciously disturbed, which can result in a security risk for the passengers. In extreme cases, computer terrorist attacks can also be prepared - large-scale interventions on roads can lead to chaos across a region or country. In accordance with the introduced threats, it is a crucial objective of this research to indicate specific methods, which can help the industry to evaluate and prepare for these kinds of attacks in a proper way. © 2020 Budapest University of Technology and Economics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vehicle safety

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Reengineering Workflow for Planned Reuse of IEC 61131-3 Legacy software

Reengineering Workflow for Planned Reuse of IEC 61131-3 Lega...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial engineering and engineering Management

作者： J. Fischer B. Vogel-Heuser F. Haben I. Schaefer Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781538672204

ISBN: (纸本)9781538672211

In automated production systems, an increasing proportion of functionality is implemented by control software. However, currently most companies do not implement variant and version management for their control software and, thus, lack a global knowledge base on existing software variants and versions. Further, despite its known drawbacks, i.e., low maintainability, the reuse strategy copy, paste & modify is commonly applied, leading to an even higher amount of unmanaged, historically grown software variants and versions. Since the resulting control software contains a vast amount of essential domain knowledge, strategies for its planned reuse are required. Therefore, this paper presents a workflow to enable the transfer from copy, paste & modify to planned reuse by analyzing the historically grown control software variants and deriving reusable library modules from them. For the library module development from multiple sources, an interaction concept is proposed, which has been evaluated partially through a prototypical implementation.

关键词： software Libraries IEC Standards Visualization Reverse engineering Companies Production systems

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Variability Visualization of IEC 61131-3 Legacy software for Planned Reuse

Variability Visualization of IEC 61131-3 Legacy Software for...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Juliane Fischer Birgit Vogel-Heuser Jan Wilch Frieder Loch Kathrin Land Ina Schaefer Chair of Automation and Information Systems Technical University of Munich Garching Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728185262

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185279

Automated production systems (aPS) are variant-rich, design-to-order systems and an increasing proportion of their functionality is implemented by control software. In control software development, software reuse is still commonly performed via clone-and-own despite many drawbacks, e.g., copying errors. This unplanned reuse leads to a high amount of historically grown software variants, which contain valuable domain expertise. Therefore, to enable planned reuse of existing control software solutions, an analysis of legacy software, inducing documentation of identified variability, is required. While so-called software Product Lines enable the documentation of variability, they lack suitable variability visualization tailored to the needs of aPS stakeholders such as application or module developers. To address this gap, this paper introduces a variability visualization concept tailored to the needs of aPS stakeholders with the aim of supporting them in their daily tasks. The concept was evaluated successfully within a master student's course by use of a prototypical implementation of the visualization concept.

关键词： Visualization Documentation software software product lines Stakeholders Task analysis software reusability

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Visualization of Variability Analysis of Control software From Industrial Automation Systems

Visualization of Variability Analysis of Control Software Fr...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Safa Bougouffa Birgit Vogel-Heuser Juliane Fischer Ina Schaefer Huaxia Li Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technical University of Braunschweig Brauschweig Germany

Industrial automated production systems are mechatronic and long living systems that undergo changing requirements throughout their life cycle. While the proportion of functionality implemented by software is growing, adjustments are usually implemented using a clone-and-own principle, which results in unmanaged software variants and versions. Furthermore, the need for adapting the control software also results from changes in other disciplines such as mechanical or electrical/electronics. The various drawbacks on software maintainability, that are provoked through clone-andown, call for a shift to modular development. As a first step to realize this migration, software projects need to be analyzed in terms of variability. Secondly, visualization patterns reflecting variability are needed to present the analysis results to domain experts. However, choosing an appropriate visualization is challenging as different domain experts pursue different aims, which should be supported by the visualization and might even require different levels of detail. In this paper, visualization patterns for three different use scenarios are proposed and evaluated using an apprentice group and industrial expert feedback.

关键词： software Visualization Data visualization Automation IEC Standards Production systems

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Novel approaches to evaluate the ability of vehicles for secured transportation

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Periodica Polytechnica Transportation engineering 2020年第1期49卷 80-88页

作者： Kocsis, Bence Vida, Gábor Szalay, Zsolt Ágoston, György Department of Automotive Technologies Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics P. O. B. 91 BudapestH-1521 Hungary Department of Software Development and Application Institute of Informatics University of Dunaújváros P. O. B. 152 DunaújvárosH-2401 Hungary

The assurance of process safety plays an important role in the field of information technology. Securing the information has become one of the biggest challenges in the present day. Whenever we think about the protected systems the first thing that comes to our mind can be malicious interventions which are increasing immensely day by day. Nowadays we live the world of huge automotive developments with the appearance of the demand for autonomous vehicles. On the other hand, technological developments also provide a lot of advantages for the society. The benefits of autonomous cars include reduced mobility costs, increased safety, increased mobility, significant reduction of traffic collisions. However, it cannot be forgotten that the extension of cyberspace affects the transportation increasingly. Accordingly, cars are produced with high level of connectivity and automation. Therefore, the risks arriving from the cyberspace can now endanger the safe and secured transportation. These tendencies shall motivate manufacturers and developers to permanently improve the ability of vehicles to protect themselves and their passengers. © 2020 Budapest University of Technology and Economics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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A Qualitative Study of Variability Management of Control software for Industrial Automation Systems

A Qualitative Study of Variability Management of Control Sof...

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International Conference on software Maintenance (ICSM)

作者： Juliane Fischer Safa Bougouffa Alexander Schlie Ina Schaefer Birgit Vogel-Heuser Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

software product line engineering (SPLE) provides a systematic approach to manage variants and versions arising throughout the development of software systems. While SPLE is successfully applied for variant management in the domain of software engineering, the approach is still not widely spread in industrial automated production systems (aPS). Previous studies highlight the interdisciplinary nature of aPS as a reason for not applying SPLE, since control software variants and versions also result from changes in other disciplines such as the mechanical engineering department (i.e. exchange of a sensor). Additionally, the software may evolve over decades at the customer site. In order to gain a better understanding of the challenges in the development of aPS and the constraints hindering the use of SPLE, we conducted several interviews with software development engineers from the domain of aPS. The interviews main aim was to get an overview of the current state of variability management and applied planned and unplanned software reuse strategies. Based on these insights, we summarize the main results useable for a transition from currently deployed variability management concepts in aPS to the SPLE approach.

关键词： software Interviews Companies IEC Standards Automation software engineering

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