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Incremental Co-Evolution of Java Programs based on Bidirectional Graph Transformation 15

Incremental Co-Evolution of Java Programs based on Bidirecti...

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Proceedings of the Principles and Practices of Programming on The Java Platform

作者： Sven Peldszus Géza Kulcsár Malte Lochau Sandro Schulze TU Darmstadt Real-Time Systems Lab TU Braunschweig Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics

ISBN: (纸本)9781450337120

Modern Java IDE aim at assisting object-oriented software development workflows with continuously interleaved co-evolution steps of program editing and program refactoring. Program editing usually comprises manually performed program changes applied by a programmer at source code level. In contrast, refactorings consist of behavior-preserving program restructuring rules with complex preconditions, usually formulated over an appropriate program abstraction. To integrate both steps into a comprehensive program evolution framework, we present a graph-based approach for incremental co-evolution of Java programs. Our approach is based on a concise graph-based representation of Java programs by means of a reduced abstract syntax tree, augmented with additional cross-tree edges denoting crucial semantic information. On this basis, a precise formal specification of object-oriented program refactorings can be defined in terms of endogenous graph-transformation rules. In addition, we use Triple Graph Grammars (TGG) to define exogenous bidirectional graph transformation rules for automated incremental synchronization between a program graph and the corresponding source code. Our implementation relies on the graph-transformation engine eMoflon and currently supports the Java refactorings Pull Up Method and Create Superclass.

关键词： incremental synchronization program refactoring bidirectional graph transformation program evolution

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Comparing Automated Reuse of Scripted Tests and Model-Based Tests for Configurable software

Comparing Automated Reuse of Scripted Tests and Model-Based ...

引用

Asia-Pacific Conference on software engineering

作者： Stefan Fischer Rudolf Ramler Lukas Linsbauer Software Competence Center Hagenberg GmbH Hagenberg Austria Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665437851

Highly configurable software gives developers more flexibility to meet different customer requirements and enables users to better tailor software to their needs. However, variability causes higher complexity in software and complicates many development processes, such as testing. One major challenge for testing of configurable software is adjusting tests to fit different configurations, which often has to be done manually. In our previous work, we evaluated the use of an automated reuse technique to support the reuse of existing tests for new configurations. Research on automated reuse of model variants and on applying model-based testing to configurable software encouraged us to also evaluate the automated reuse of model-based test variants. The goal is to investigate differences in applying automated reuse to the different testing paradigms. Our evaluation provides evidence for the usefulness of automated reuse for both testing paradigms. Nonetheless we found some differences in the robustness of tests to small inaccuracies of the reuse approach.

关键词： software Robustness Complexity theory Testing software engineering

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Evolution of software in automated production systems: challenges and research directions

Evolution of software in automated production systems: chall...

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software engineering-Konferenz, SE 2016 - software engineering Conference, SE 2016

作者： Vogel-Heuser, Birgit Fay, Alexander Schaefer, Ina Tichy, Matthias Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technische Universität München Boltzmannstr. 15 Garching near Munich85748 Germany Institute of Automation Technology Helmut Schmidt University Holstenhofweg 85 Hamburg22043 Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technische Universität Braunschweig Mühlenpfordtstr. 23 Braunschweig38106 Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Universität Ulm Ulm89069 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885796466

Coping with evolution in automated production systems implies cross-disciplinary challenges along the system's life-cycle for variant-rich systems of high complexity. We provide an interdisciplinary survey on challenges and research directions in the evolution of automated production systems. After an initial discussion about the nature of automated production systems and their specific development process, we sketch in this extended abstract the challenges associated with evolution in the different development phases and a couple of cross-cutting areas.

关键词： Life cycle

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Towards incremental model slicing for delta-oriented software product lines

Towards incremental model slicing for delta-oriented softwar...

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IEEE International Conference on software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Sascha Lity Hauke Baller Ina Schaefer TU Braunschweig Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems Braunschweig Germany TU Braunschweig Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Braunschweig Germany

The analysis of nowadays software systems for supporting, e.g., testing, verification or debugging is becoming more challenging due to their increasing complexity. Model slicing is a promising analysis technique to tackle this issue by abstracting from those parts not influencing the current point of interest. In the context of software product lines, applying model slicing separately for each variant is in general infeasible. Delta modeling allows exploiting the explicit specification of commonality and variability within deltas and enables the reuse of artifacts and already obtained results to reduce the modeling and analysis efforts. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for incremental model slicing for delta-oriented software product lines. Based on the specification of model changes between variants by means of model regression deltas, an incremental adaptation of variant-specific dependency graphs as well as an incremental slice computation is achieved. The slice computation further allows for the derivation of differences between slices for the same point of interest enhancing, e.g., change impact analysis. We provide details of our incremental approach, discuss benefits and present future work.

关键词： Computational modeling Adaptation models Unified modeling language Testing Analytical models software systems

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Visualization of Variability Analysis of Control software From Industrial Automation Systems

Visualization of Variability Analysis of Control Software Fr...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Safa Bougouffa Birgit Vogel-Heuser Juliane Fischer Ina Schaefer Huaxia Li Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technical University of Braunschweig Brauschweig Germany

Industrial automated production systems are mechatronic and long living systems that undergo changing requirements throughout their life cycle. While the proportion of functionality implemented by software is growing, adjustments are usually implemented using a clone-and-own principle, which results in unmanaged software variants and versions. Furthermore, the need for adapting the control software also results from changes in other disciplines such as mechanical or electrical/electronics. The various drawbacks on software maintainability, that are provoked through clone-andown, call for a shift to modular development. As a first step to realize this migration, software projects need to be analyzed in terms of variability. Secondly, visualization patterns reflecting variability are needed to present the analysis results to domain experts. However, choosing an appropriate visualization is challenging as different domain experts pursue different aims, which should be supported by the visualization and might even require different levels of detail. In this paper, visualization patterns for three different use scenarios are proposed and evaluated using an apprentice group and industrial expert feedback.

关键词： software Visualization Data visualization Automation IEC Standards Production systems

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Reengineering Workflow for Planned Reuse of IEC 61131-3 Legacy software

Reengineering Workflow for Planned Reuse of IEC 61131-3 Lega...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial engineering and engineering Management

作者： J. Fischer B. Vogel-Heuser F. Haben I. Schaefer Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781538672204

ISBN: (纸本)9781538672211

In automated production systems, an increasing proportion of functionality is implemented by control software. However, currently most companies do not implement variant and version management for their control software and, thus, lack a global knowledge base on existing software variants and versions. Further, despite its known drawbacks, i.e., low maintainability, the reuse strategy copy, paste & modify is commonly applied, leading to an even higher amount of unmanaged, historically grown software variants and versions. Since the resulting control software contains a vast amount of essential domain knowledge, strategies for its planned reuse are required. Therefore, this paper presents a workflow to enable the transfer from copy, paste & modify to planned reuse by analyzing the historically grown control software variants and deriving reusable library modules from them. For the library module development from multiple sources, an interaction concept is proposed, which has been evaluated partially through a prototypical implementation.

关键词： software Libraries IEC Standards Visualization Reverse engineering Companies Production systems

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A Qualitative Study of Variability Management of Control software for Industrial Automation Systems

A Qualitative Study of Variability Management of Control Sof...

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International Conference on software Maintenance (ICSM)

作者： Juliane Fischer Safa Bougouffa Alexander Schlie Ina Schaefer Birgit Vogel-Heuser Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

software product line engineering (SPLE) provides a systematic approach to manage variants and versions arising throughout the development of software systems. While SPLE is successfully applied for variant management in the domain of software engineering, the approach is still not widely spread in industrial automated production systems (aPS). Previous studies highlight the interdisciplinary nature of aPS as a reason for not applying SPLE, since control software variants and versions also result from changes in other disciplines such as the mechanical engineering department (i.e. exchange of a sensor). Additionally, the software may evolve over decades at the customer site. In order to gain a better understanding of the challenges in the development of aPS and the constraints hindering the use of SPLE, we conducted several interviews with software development engineers from the domain of aPS. The interviews main aim was to get an overview of the current state of variability management and applied planned and unplanned software reuse strategies. Based on these insights, we summarize the main results useable for a transition from currently deployed variability management concepts in aPS to the SPLE approach.

关键词： software Interviews Companies IEC Standards Automation software engineering

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Multi-Objective Test Suite Optimization for Incremental Product Family Testing

Multi-Objective Test Suite Optimization for Incremental Prod...

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IEEE International Conference on software Testing, Verification and Validation

作者： Hauke Baller Sascha Lity Malte Lochau Ina Schaefer TU Braunschweig Institute for Programming and Reactive Systems TU Darmstadt Real Time Systems Lab TU Braunschweig Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics

ISBN: (纸本)9781479922567

The design of an adequate test suite is usually guided by identifying test requirements which should be satisfied by the selected set of test cases. To reduce testing costs, test suite minimization heuristics aim at eliminating redundancy from existing test suites. However, recent test suite minimization approaches lack (1) to handle test suites commonly derived for families of similar software variants under test, and (2) to incorporate fine-grained information concerning cost/profit goals for test case selection. In this paper, we propose a formal framework to optimize test suites designed for sets of software variants under test w.r.t. multiple conflicting cost/profit objectives. The problem representation is independent of the concrete testing methodology. We apply integer linear programming (ILP) to approximate optimal solutions. We further develop an efficient incremental heuristic for deriving a sequence of representative software variants to be tested for approaching optimal profits under reduced costs. We evaluated the algorithm by comparing its outcome to the optimal solution.

关键词： Testing Strategies Test Coverage of Specifications Constrained Optimization Linear Programming

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Variability Visualization of IEC 61131-3 Legacy software for Planned Reuse

Variability Visualization of IEC 61131-3 Legacy Software for...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Juliane Fischer Birgit Vogel-Heuser Jan Wilch Frieder Loch Kathrin Land Ina Schaefer Chair of Automation and Information Systems Technical University of Munich Garching Germany Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728185262

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185279

Automated production systems (aPS) are variant-rich, design-to-order systems and an increasing proportion of their functionality is implemented by control software. In control software development, software reuse is still commonly performed via clone-and-own despite many drawbacks, e.g., copying errors. This unplanned reuse leads to a high amount of historically grown software variants, which contain valuable domain expertise. Therefore, to enable planned reuse of existing control software solutions, an analysis of legacy software, inducing documentation of identified variability, is required. While so-called software Product Lines enable the documentation of variability, they lack suitable variability visualization tailored to the needs of aPS stakeholders such as application or module developers. To address this gap, this paper introduces a variability visualization concept tailored to the needs of aPS stakeholders with the aim of supporting them in their daily tasks. The concept was evaluated successfully within a master student's course by use of a prototypical implementation of the visualization concept.

关键词： Visualization Documentation software software product lines Stakeholders Task analysis software reusability

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Requirements-based delta-oriented SPL testing

Requirements-based delta-oriented SPL testing

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International Workshop on Product Line Approaches in software engineering (PLEASE)

作者： Michael Dukaczewski Ina Schaefer Remo Lachmann Malte Lochau Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany Real-Time Systems Laboratory Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364508

Variability of modern software systems increases potential sources of errors and demands appropriate quality assurance strategies. In order to reduce the test effort when testing software product lines, incremental model-based testing strategies have been proposed, based on the conceptual ideas of delta modeling. It requires executable system specifications to derive and classify test cases. However, in industrial practice such system models rarely exist, but requirements and test cases are captured in natural language. In order to make delta-oriented testing strategies applicable in this context, we transfer them to the requirements level and show how a delta-oriented classification of requirements and associated test cases reduce test effort in these less formal domains.

关键词： Testing software Presses Vehicles Natural languages Conferences software engineering

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