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AsyCo: an asymmetric dual-task co-training model for partial-label learning

science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 332-347页

作者： Beibei LI Yiyuan ZHENG Beihong JIN Tao XIANG Haobo WANG Lei FENG College of Computer Science Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Software Technology Zhejiang University School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University

Partial-label learning(PLL) is a typical problem of weakly supervised learning, where each training instance is annotated with a set of candidate labels. Self-training PLL models achieve state-of-the-art performance but suffer from error accumulation problems caused by mistakenly disambiguated instances. Although co-training can alleviate this issue by training two networks simultaneously and allowing them to interact with each other, most existing co-training methods train two structurally identical networks with the same task, i.e., are symmetric, rendering it insufficient for them to correct each other due to their similar limitations. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an asymmetric dual-task co-training PLL model called AsyCo,which forces its two networks, i.e., a disambiguation network and an auxiliary network, to learn from different views explicitly by optimizing distinct tasks. Specifically, the disambiguation network is trained with a self-training PLL task to learn label confidence, while the auxiliary network is trained in a supervised learning paradigm to learn from the noisy pairwise similarity labels that are constructed according to the learned label confidence. Finally, the error accumulation problem is mitigated via information distillation and confidence refinement. Extensive experiments on both uniform and instance-dependent partially labeled datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of AsyCo.

关键词： machine learning weakly supervised learning partial-label learning co-training models candidate label sets

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Deep learning-based software engineering: progress,challenges, and opportunities

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 57-144页

作者： Xiangping CHEN Xing HU Yuan HUANG He JIANG Weixing JI Yanjie JIANG Yanyan JIANG Bo LIU Hui LIU Xiaochen LI Xiaoli LIAN Guozhu MENG Xin PENG Hailong SUN Lin SHI Bo WANG Chong WANG Jiayi WANG Tiantian WANG Jifeng XUAN Xin XIA Yibiao YANG Yixin YANG Li ZHANG Yuming ZHOU Lu ZHANG School of Journalism and Communication Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Technology Zhejiang University School of Software Engineering Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Computer Science Peking University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment (CCSE) School of Software Beihang University School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Wuhan University Huawei Technologies

Researchers have recently achieved significant advances in deep learning techniques, which in turn has substantially advanced other research disciplines, such as natural language processing, image processing, speech recognition, and software engineering. Various deep learning techniques have been successfully employed to facilitate software engineering tasks, including code generation, software refactoring, and fault localization. Many studies have also been presented in top conferences and journals, demonstrating the applications of deep learning techniques in resolving various software engineering tasks. However,although several surveys have provided overall pictures of the application of deep learning techniques in software engineering,they focus more on learning techniques, that is, what kind of deep learning techniques are employed and how deep models are trained or fine-tuned for software engineering tasks. We still lack surveys explaining the advances of subareas in software engineering driven by deep learning techniques, as well as challenges and opportunities in each subarea. To this end, in this study, we present the first task-oriented survey on deep learning-based software engineering. It covers twelve major software engineering subareas significantly impacted by deep learning techniques. Such subareas spread out through the whole lifecycle of software development and maintenance, including requirements engineering, software development, testing, maintenance, and developer collaboration. As we believe that deep learning may provide an opportunity to revolutionize the whole discipline of software engineering, providing one survey covering as many subareas as possible in software engineering can help future research push forward the frontier of deep learning-based software engineering more systematically. For each of the selected subareas,we highlight the major advances achieved by applying deep learning techniques with pointers to the available datasets i

关键词： deep learning software engineering software benchmark software artifact representation survey

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Multi-label, Classification-based Prediction of Breast Cancer Metastasis Directions

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2025年第1期52卷 1-10页

作者： Wang, Tingting Fan, Qi Tan, Liang Zhang, Beier School of Computer and Software Engineering Anhui Institute of Information Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Huaibei Normal University China School of Computer and Software Engineering Anhui Institute of Information Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Huaibei Normal University China

Predicting the metastatic direction of primary breast cancer (BC), thus assisting physicians in precise treatment, strict follow-up, and effectively improving the prognosis. The clinical data of 293,946 patients with primary BC diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Multiple interpolations and Multi-label Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique methods were used for data analysis, and machine learning model was established for multi-label classification. Finally, Surgical information, lymph node status, distant metastasis, tumor size, chemotherapy, histological type, and radiotherapy had significant influence as inputs. Compared with the k-nearest neighbor model, average accuracies of the decision tree and random forest (RF) models increased from 88.84% to 93.59% and 94.14%, respectively. Their average precision, recall rate, F1 score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and weighted-F1 increased from 87.24% to 95.85% and 94.74%, 87.73% to 90.40% and 91.76%, 87.07% to 92.16% and 93.45%, 97.11% to 99.53% and 99.95%, 82.13% to 89.44% and 90.48%, respectively. In conclusion, the RF model, which showed the best performance, can be used in multi-label prediction of BC metastasis directions, and can assist physicians in diagnosing and treating patients with primary BC. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Lung cancer

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An infrastructure software perspective toward computation offloading between executable specifications and foundation models

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 380-382页

作者： Dezhi RAN Mengzhou WU Yuan CAO Assaf MARRON David HAREL Tao XIE Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (PKU) Ministry of Education School of Computer SciencePeking University School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science

Foundation models(FMs) [1] have revolutionized software development and become the core components of large software systems. This paradigm shift, however, demands fundamental re-imagining of software engineering theories and methodologies [2]. Instead of replacing existing software modules implemented by symbolic logic, incorporating FMs' capabilities to build software systems requires entirely new modules that leverage the unique capabilities of ***, while FMs excel at handling uncertainty, recognizing patterns, and processing unstructured data, we need new engineering theories that support the paradigm shift from explicitly programming and maintaining user-defined symbolic logic to creating rich, expressive requirements that FMs can accurately perceive and implement.

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A topical VAEGAN-IHMM approach for automatic story segmentation

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Mathematical Biosciences and engineering 2024年第7期21卷 6608-6630页

作者： Yu, Jia Peng, Huiling Wang, Guoqiang Shi, Nianfeng School of Computer and Information Engineering Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology China Software Research Institute Technological University of Shannon Ireland

Feature representations with rich topic information can greatly improve the performance of story segmentation tasks. VAEGAN offers distinct advantages in feature learning by combining variational autoencoder (VAE) and generative adversarial network (GAN), which not only captures intricate data representations through VAE's probabilistic encoding and decoding mechanism but also enhances feature diversity and quality via GAN's adversarial training. To better learn topical domain representation, we used a topical classifier to supervise the training process of VAEGAN. Based on the learned feature, a segmentor splits the document into shorter ones with different topics. Hidden Markov model (HMM) is a popular approach for story segmentation, in which stories are viewed as instances of topics (hidden states). The number of states has to be set manually but it is often unknown in real scenarios. To solve this problem, we proposed an infinite HMM (IHMM) approach which utilized an HDP prior on transition matrices over countably infinite state spaces to automatically infer the state's number from the data. Given a running text, a Blocked Gibbis sampler labeled the states with topic classes. The position where the topic changes was a story boundary. Experimental results on the TDT2 corpus demonstrated that the proposed topical VAEGAN-IHMM approach was significantly better than the traditional HMM method in story segmentation tasks and achieved state-of-the-art performance. © 2024 the Author(s).

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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An Unbiased Fuzzy Weighted Relative Error Support Vector Machine for Reverse Prediction of Concrete Components

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第9期5卷 4574-4584页

作者： Fan, Zongwen Gou, Jin Weng, Shaoyuan College of Computer Science and Technology Huaqiao University Xiamen361021 China School of Software Engineering Xiamen Institute of Software Technology Xiamen361024 China

Concrete is a vital component in modern construction, prized for its strength, durability, and versatility. Accurately determining the quantities of concrete components is crucial in civil engineering applications to optimize resources (e.g., manpower and financial resources). In this article, we propose an unbiased fuzzy-weighted relative error support vector machine (UFW-RE-SVM) for reverse prediction of concrete components. First, we add an unbiased term to the target function of UFW-RE-SVM for obtaining an unbiased model. Second, we design a fuzzy-weighted operation to indicate sample importance by incorporating the fuzzy membership values into the UFW-RE-SVM. The nth root operation is introduced to address the exponential explosion issue in the fuzzy-weighted operation. Finally, considering the UFW-RE-SVM is sensitive to its hyperparameters for multioutput prediction, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is utilized for hyperparameter optimization for its effectiveness in optimization tasks. We design the fitness function based on the results from multiple components to balance the performance of multioutput predictions. Experimental results show that the performance of our proposed model outperforms existing works in predicting concrete components in terms of mean absolute relative error, standard deviation, and root mean square error. Further, the statistical test shows the WOA and two other metaheuristics can significantly improve the prediction performance. This indicates that the unbiased term, fuzzy-weighted operation, and WOA are effective for improving the proposed model for reverse prediction concrete components. With these promising results, the proposed model could provide decision-makers with a valuable tool for determining concrete component quantities based on desired concrete qualities. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Forecasting

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Falcon Optimization Algorithm-Based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-Based Vehicular Networks

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4243-4262页

作者： Youseef Alotaibi B.Rajasekar R.Jayalakshmi Surendran Rajendran Department of Software Engineering College of ComputingUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai600119India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennai600123India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical ScienceChennai602105India

Rapid development in Information Technology(IT)has allowed several novel application regions like large outdoor vehicular networks for Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)*** networks give a safe and more effective driving experience by presenting time-sensitive and location-aware *** communication occurs directly between V2V and Base Station(BS)units such as the Road Side Unit(RSU),named as a Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I).However,the frequent topology alterations in VANETs generate several problems with data transmission as the vehicle velocity differs with ***,the scheme of an effectual routing protocol for reliable and stable communications is *** research demonstrates that clustering is an intelligent method for effectual routing in a mobile ***,this article presents a Falcon Optimization Algorithm-based Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Cluster-based Routing(FOA-EECPCR)technique in *** FOA-EECPCR technique intends to group the vehicles and determine the shortest route in the *** accomplish this,the FOA-EECPCR technique initially clusters the vehicles using FOA with fitness functions comprising energy,distance,and trust *** the routing process,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is derived with a fitness function that encompasses two variables,namely,energy and distance.A series of experiments have been conducted to exhibit the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCR *** experimental outcomes demonstrate the enhanced performance of the FOA-EECPCR approach over other current methods.

关键词： Vehicular networks communication protocol clustering falcon optimization algorithm routing

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Design of a ML-based trust prediction model using intelligent TrustBoxes in challenged networks

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International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications 2024年第3期15卷 209-234页

作者： Barai, Smritikona Kundu, Anindita Bhaumik, Parama Department of Computer Science and Engineering Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata India Department of Software Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu India Department of Information Technology Jadavpur University Kolkata India

Challenged networks (CNs) contain resource-constrained nodes deployed in regions where human intervention is difficult. Opportunistic networks (OppNets) are CNs with no predefined source-to-destination paths. Due to their inherent properties, CNs and OppNets are highly susceptible to black-hole (BH) attacks, resulting in degraded packet-delivery ratio. In this work, an ML-based trust prediction model (MLTPM) is proposed to identify potential BH nodes in OppNets. MLTPM uses a novel function to calculate the total-trust-value (TTV) of each node. Intelligent TrustBoxes are introduced in the network to identify possible BH nodes, using TTV, along with five more node-behaviour features. TrustBoxes reduce the computational overhead of the resource-constrained nodes. Three simulated scenarios are compared - no detection, non-ML-based detection, and MLTPM, each using epidemic, prophet, and spray-and-wait routing protocols. MLTPM performs best with spray-and-wait, exhibiting about 25.21% and 80% mean improvement in delivery-ratio and dropped-message numbers respectively, compared to non-ML-based detection. An overall 12.62% improvement in delivery-ratio and 26.7% improvement in dropped messages is observed using MLTPM, compared to the above-mentioned scenarios. © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： HTTP

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Heterologous Image Matching Based on Salience Region

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2025年第4期52卷 894-900页

作者： Zhai, Jinlong Xu, Yang Yan, Xiaohu Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Shenzhen Polytechnic University Shenzhen518055 China

To address the matching problem caused by the significant differences in spatial features, spectrum and contrast between heterologous images, a heterologous image matching method based on salience region is proposed in this paper. Firstly, texture features and corner features are detected. Secondly, the epanechnikov kernel function is used to calculate the point with the maximum kernel function value among all feature points, which is then defined as E-point. Thirdly, the salience region is defined and extracted according to the position of the E-point. Finally, six groups of heterologous images are used as data sources, and compared with HAPCG, HOWP, SIFT, and PSO_SIFT algorithms respectively. The results show that the comprehensive matching performance of the proposed method is better than the original algorithm without salience region processing. The root mean square error and the matching time are less than the original method while ensuring a similar number of matching points, which greatly improves the accuracy and speed of heterologous image matching. © (2025.0), (International Association of Engineers). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Image matching

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Design of high output DC/DC boost circuit without boost transformer 8

Design of high output DC/DC boost circuit without boost tran...

引用

8th International Conference on Communication and Information Systems, ICCIS 2024

作者： Hong, Qin Zhou, Liang Jia, Zhongning Liu, Chun Liu, Jianbo Software Engineering Institute of Guangzhou Department of Computer Science Guangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531171

The development of IOT smart devices has necessitated increasingly stringent requirements for DC power sources in terms of output voltage, size, and cost. For instance, Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs), utilized as photodetectors, require a significantly high reverse bias voltage during the detection of feeble optical signals to achieve optimal gain and high signal-to-noise ratio, thereby ensuring exceptional sensitivity. To address the diverse demands of various smart devices for DC power, a high-output DC/DC boost circuit without a step-up transformer has been innovatively designed. This circuit is comprised of four fundamental components: an oscillator circuit, a comparator circuit, a voltage multiplier circuit, and a constant-current and voltage-stabilizing circuit. The paper conducts a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the circuit's topology, parameter selection, and operational process, which is further validated through Multisim simulation. Additionally, a PCB circuit was designed, fabricated, and underwent rigorous practical testing. The test results conclusively demonstrate that the designed boost circuit proficiently provides APDs with the appropriate bias voltage, eliminating the need for boost transformer. It boasts high output voltage, a simplistic structure, small size, and low cost, enabling it to seamlessly share the same input power source with the APD detection circuit and be integrated into the same PCB layout. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： avalanche photodiode boost circuit direct current stabilized power supply oscillator voltage multiplier circuit

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