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The cellular basis for middle-age spread

Science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6745期388卷 360-360页

作者： Jeon, Yong Geun Kim, Jae Bum National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics School of Biological Sciences Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

Age-specific adipocyte progenitors drive visceral adipose tissue expansion in middle age.

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Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on soil particulate organic carbon through altering microbial decomposition in two tropical montane rainforests

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Plant and Soil 2025年 1-15页

作者： Dong, Kai Chen, Zixin Ma, Suhui Yang, Xuemei Wu, Wenao Zhang, Danhua Yang, Chen Fan, Fan Zhu, Jiangling Ji, Chengjun Fang, Jingyun State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure Function and Construction (VegLab) Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Kunming China

Nutrient availability affects soil microbial activity, thereby regulating soil carbon (C) formation, turnover and storage. Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs are altering soil nutrients, but their consequences for soil organic carbon (SOC) and its components in P-limited tropical forests are poorly understood. We conducted a 13-year-long nutrient addition experiment in two tropical montane forests to investigate the effects of N and P additions on soil particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). Long-term high-N addition increased soil POC concentration and its contribution to SOC through altering edaphic conditions (i.e., soil acidification and nutrient imbalance) and suppressing microbial biomass C together with activity of lignin-modifying enzymes. However, P addition had minor effects on POC pool, which was mainly attributed to alleviate P limitation and stimulate microbial decomposition. In addition, N and P additions did not significantly change soil MAOC in both forests. Our results indicated that soil microorganisms play key roles in regulating soil C cycling through extracellular enzymes under N and P additions, suggesting a necessity of incorporating it into the prediction of ecosystem C dynamics under global change.

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Age-associated methionine sulfoxide reductase A protects against valvular interstitial cell senescence and valvular calcification

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GeroScience 2025年 1-21页

作者： Li, Qing Song, Chengxiang Wei, Zisong Zhou, Hao Wang, Shuoding Li, Hongde Yang, Haoran Luo, Qiang Li, Junli Chen, Mao Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China Cardiac Structure and Function Research Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China Department of Cardiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China Department of Clinical Research Management West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a cardiovascular disease prevalent in the aging population, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CAVD remain unclear. We initially conducted an RNA sequencing analysis of aortic valve leaflets from rats of different ages to identify key genes involved in valvular aging and calcification. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) was crucial to valvular calcification and senescence. To further investigate whether and how MSRA influences CAVD pathogenesis, we utilized two in vitro models: a human valvular interstitial cell (VIC) calcification model induced by osteogenic medium, and a VIC senescence model induced by hydrogen peroxide. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and alkaline phosphatase staining were conducted to evaluate the changes in calcific nodule formation and senescent markers. In vivo, ApoE−/− mice were treated either a normal chow or a high-cholesterol chow to determine the effects of MSRA overexpression on aortic valve calcification and senescence. MSRA silencing increased the osteogenic differentiation and senescence of VIC, whereas its overexpression produced the opposite effects. Similarly, we found that MSRA overexpression reduced calcium deposition and decreased the levels of senescent markers in ApoE−/− mice. Further mechanism experiments showed that MSRA suppressed osteoblastic differentiation via inhibiting the toll-like receptor (TLR2)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Our findings demonstrate that MSRA ameliorates valvular calcification and senescence by inhibiting TLR2/NF-κB pathway, highlighting MSRA as a promising target for treating age-associated CAVD. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Calcific aortic valve disease Methionine sulfoxide reductase A Nuclear factor-κB Senescence Toll-like receptor 2

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Consequences of Prefrontal Brain Stimulation on Aggression

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Brain Stimulation 2025年第1期18卷 487-488页

作者： Lasogga, Luca Habel, Ute Weidler, Carmen Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen Pauwelsstraße 30 Aachen 52074 North Rhine- Westphalia Germany Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10) Research Center Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52438 Jülich Germany

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On the core structure and mobility of the 《100》{010} and 《100》 {011} dislocations in B2 structure YAg and YCu

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中国物理B（英文版） 2009年第7期18卷 2905-2911页

作者： Wu Xiao-Zhi Wang Shao-Feng Liu Rui-Ping Institute for Structure and Function Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China

Dislocations are thought to be the principal mechanism of high ductility of the novel B2 structure intermetallic compounds YAg and YCu. In this paper, the edge dislocation core structures of two primary slip systems <100>{010}and <100>{011} for YAg and YCu are presented theoretically within the lattice theory of dislocation. The governing dislocation equation is a nonlinear integro-differential equation and the variational method is applied to solve the equation. Peierls stresses for <100>{010} and <100>{011} slip systems are calculated taking into consideration the contribution of the elastic strain energy. The core width and Peierls stress of a typical transition-metal aluminide NiAl is also reported for the purpose of verification and comparison. The Peierls stress of NiAl obtained here is in agreement with numerical results, which verifies the correctness of the results obtained for YAg and YCu. Peierls stresses of the <100>{0lT} slip system are smaller than those of <100>{010} for the same intermetallic compounds originating from the smaller unstable stacking fault energy. The obvious high unstable stacking fault energy of NiAl results in a larger Peierls stress than those of YAg and YCu although they have the same B2 structure. The results show that the core structure and Peierls stress depend monotonically on the unstable stacking fault energy.

关键词： YAg YCu core structure Peierls stress

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From Discreteness to Continuity： Dislocation Equation for Two-Dimensional Triangular Lattice

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第1期24卷 143-146页

作者：王少峰 Institute for Structure and Function Chongqing University Chongqing 400044

A systematic method from the discreteness to the continuity is presented for the dislocation equation of the triangular lattice. A modification of the Peierls equation has been derived strictly. The modified equation includes the higher order corrections of the discrete effect which are important for the core structure of dislocation. It is observed that the modified equation possesses a universal form which is model-independent except the factors. The factors, which depend on the detail of the model, are related to the derivatives of the kernel at its zero point in the wave-vector space. The results open a way to deal with the complicated models because what one needs to do is to investigate the behaviour near the zero point of the kernel in the wave-vector space instead of calculating the kernel completely.

关键词： LATTICE theory CONTINUITY VECTOR analysis VECTOR spaces

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Peierls stress for <110>{001} mixed dislocation in SrTiO_3 within framework of constrained path approximation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2010年第3期26卷 425-432页

作者： Xiaozhi Wu Shaofeng Wang RuipingLiu Institute for Structure and Function Chongqing University 400044 Chongqing China

The core structure of （110）{001} mixed disloca- tion in perovskite SrTiO3 is investigated with the modified two-dimensional Peierls-Nabarro dislocation equation con- sidering the discreteness effect of crystals. The results show that the core structure of mixed dislocation is independent of the unstable energy in the （100） direction, but closely related to the unstable energy in the （110） direction which is the direction of total Burgers vector of mixed dislocation. Furthermore, the ratio of edge displacement to screw one nearly equals to the tangent of dislocation angle for differ- ent unstable energies in the （110） direction. Thus, the con- strained path approximation is effective for the （110）{001} mixed dislocation in SrTiO3 and two-dimensional equation can degenerate into one-dimensional equation that is only related to the dislocation angle. The Peierls stress for （110） {001 } dislocations can be expediently obtained with the one-dimensional equation and the predictive values for edge, mixed and screw dislocations are 0.17, 0.22 and 0.46 GPa, respectively.

关键词： Peierls stress - Mixed dislocation SrTiO3

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M2 macrophage-derived exosome-modified bioprosthetic heart valves with enhanced anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and anticalcification properties

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Materials and Design 2025年 254卷

作者： Chen, Jingruo Li, Shufen Chen, Xiaoting Qu, Tianyi Chen, Ming Chai, Zheng Zhuang, Weihua Hu, Wenchuang [Walter] Chen, Mao Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu610041 China Cardiac Structure and Function Research Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu610041 China Animal Experimental Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu610041 China Precision Medicine Translational Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu610213 China Department of Cardiology West China Hospital Sichuan University No.37 Guoxue Alley Chengdu610041 China

Glutaraldehyde (Glut) cross-linked bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) have shown great performance in the replacement treatment of severe valvular heart diseases in recent years due to the rapid development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and the aging population. However, the durability of BHVs suffers from inflammation, limited endothelialization, thrombus formation and calcification during clinical application, which makes it urgently to prolong the service life of BHVs. To this end, we introduced exosomes derived from M2 macrophages to the surface of Glut cross-linked bovine pericardium (Glut-BP) to develop a novel kind of BHVs, namely M2-EXO-BP, to improve the durability of Glut-BP. Compared with Glut-BP, M2-EXO-BP presented significantly improved biocompatibility and endothelialization. Moreover, M2-EXO-BP also reduced the adhesion of platelets and the formation of thrombi during the ex-vivo arterial-venous blood circulation experiment. In addition, calcification of M2-EXO-BP after 60 days of subcutaneous implantation in SD rats was obvious reduced compared with Glut-BP. Importantly, in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that M2-EXO-BP could efficiently reduce inflammation levels compared with Glut-BP. In summary, these results suggest that BHVs modified with exosomes from M2 macrophages might be an interesting strategy to improve the durability of BHVs. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Heart valve prostheses

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Boosting the sodium storage capacity of floral spherical tungsten disulfide/nitrogen-doped carbon composites anode through sodium alginate binder

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Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2025年 695卷 137722页

作者： Dong, Guangsheng Yang, Zhida Gao, Binbin Zhu, Zihao Zhou, Tao Tao, Lu Dong, Wenjun Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule and Structure Construction School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Shunde Innovation School University of Science and Technology Beijing Foshan528000 China North Institute for Scientific and Technical Information Beijing100089 China

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) becomes one of the potential anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) thanks to its large theoretical specific capacity and interlayer distance. This study employs pure WS2 as a case to reveal its unique sodium storage process by ex-situ XPS, which involves the conversion reactions between sodium polysulfide (NaPSs). Furthermore, the pulverization and aggregation of morphological structures triggered by the conversion reaction as well as the shuttling effect of NaPSs can lead to a rapid capacity decay of pure WS2. Based on the above phenomenon, the dual optimization strategy is proposed to improve electrochemical properties of the electrode material. On the one hand, the porous hierarchical WS2/nitrogen-doped carbon (WS2/NC) composites are constructed to strengthen the structural stability and Na+ diffusion kinetics;On the other hand, the multifunctional sodium alginate (SA) as a unique binder is used to inhibit NaPSs shuttling, reducing the loss of the active substance and the damage to metallic Na. Consequently, the WS2/NC electrode with SA binder shows a superior gravimetric/areal capacity of 483 mAh g−1/0.51 mAh cm−2 after 800 cycles at 2 A g−1, and a remarkable rate performance up to a gravimetric/areal capacity of 395 mAh g−1/0.46 mAh cm−2 at 10 A g−1. This study not only uncovers an interesting capacity fading mechanism of WS2 but also effectively improves its performance through the dual optimization strategy, which offers a reference for the performance enhancement of other metal sulfide anodes. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries

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APPLICATION OF PARAMETRIC DERIVATION METHOD TO THE CALCULATION OF PEIERLS ENERGY AND PEIERLS STRESS IN LATTICE THEORY

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2007年第4期20卷 363-368页

作者： Xiaozhi Wu Shaofeng Wang Institute for Structure and Function Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China

Applying the parametric derivation method, Peierls energy and Peierls stress are calculated with a non-sinusoidal force law in the lattice theory, while the results obtained by the power-series expansion according to sinusoidal law can be deduced as a limiting case of non- sinusoidal law. The simplified expressions of Peierls energy and Peierls stress are obtained for the limit of wide and narrow. Peierls energy and Peierls stress decrease monotonically with the factor of modification of force law. Present results can be used expediently for prediction of the correct order of magnitude of Peierls stress for materials.

关键词： Peierls energy Peierls stress parametric derivation method lattice theory

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