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Ivannikov ISPras Open Conference (ISPras)

作者： Normanskaja Julia Viktorovna The Institute of linguistics of the RAS (Moscow) Ivannikov's Institute for System Programming of the RAS (Moscow) Moscow Russian Federation

The question about the Mari stress was the discussion's subject from 1775 (the year of the creating of the first grammar). In the modern Mari language, the type of stress depends on the dialect. Analyzing these data, O.A. Sergeev comes to the following conclusions that in all two-syllable names, the stress in the manuscripts corresponded to modern dialects. However, the analysis of the verbal forms in the first books, which are availible of *** shows that in the XIX century their stress had certain systemic differences from modern dialects. Two books were analysed: A. Albinsky's grammar of the Hill Mari language, published in 1837 and a manuscript translation of the Gospel of Matthew into the Vyatka Northwest dialect of the Mari language, created in 1821. In both books, it was discovered that in the 3rd person singular and plural of the present and past tenses the placement of the stress depends on the type of conjugation, but there are some duplicate forms.

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Detection of Variable Misuse Using Static Analysis Combined with Machine Learning

Detection of Variable Misuse Using Static Analysis Combined ...

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Ivannikov ISPras Open Conference (ISPras)

作者： Gleb Morgachev Valery Ignatyev Andrey Belevantsev Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Russia

Industrial static analyzers are able to detect only several narrow classes of algorithmic errors, for example actual arguments order swapped with formal parameters, forgotten renaming of variable after copy-paste. However, even for these categories essential part of errors is lost because of heuristical design of a checker. We propose the generalization of specified errors in the form of variable misuse problem and deal with it using machine learning. The proposed method uses message propagation through the program model represented as a graph, combining data from multiple analysis levels, including AST, dataflow. We introduce several error criteria, which were evaluated on the set of open source projects with millions of LoC. Testing in close to industrial conditions shows good false positive and missed errors ratio comparable with remaining detectors and allows to include developed checker (after a minor rework) into a general purpose production static analyzer for error detection.

关键词： Tools Syntactics Analytical models C# languages Adaptation models Static analysis Machine learning

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MAJORCA: Multi-Architecture JOP and ROP Chain Assembler

MAJORCA: Multi-Architecture JOP and ROP Chain Assembler

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Ivannikov ISPras Open Conference (ISPras)

作者： Alexey Nurmukhametov Alexey Vishnyakov Vlada Logunova Shamil Kurmangaleev Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665423311

Nowadays, exploits often rely on a code-reuse approach. Short pieces of code called gadgets are chained together to execute some payload. Code-reuse attacks can exploit vul-nerabilities in the presence of operating system protection that prohibits data memory execution. The ROP chain construction task is the code generation for the virtual machine defined by an exploited executable. It is crucial to understand how powerful ROP attacks can be. Such knowledge can be used to improve software security. We implement MAJORCA that generates ROP and JOP payloads in an architecture agnostic manner and thoroughly consider restricted symbols such as null bytes that terminate data copying via strcpy. The paper covers the whole code-reuse payloads construction pipeline: cataloging gadgets, chaining them in DAG, scheduling, linearizing to the ready-to-run payload. MAJORCA automatically generates both ROP and JOP payloads for x86 and MIPS. MAJORCA constructs payloads respecting restricted symbols both in gadget addresses and data. We evaluate MAJORCA performance and accuracy with rop-benchmark and compare it with open-source compilers. We show that MAJORCA outperforms open-source tools. We propose a ROP chaining metric and use it to estimate the probabilities of successful ROP chaining for different operating systems with MAJORCA as well as other ROP compilers to show that ROP chaining is still feasible. This metric can estimate the efficiency of OS defences.

关键词： Measurement Codes Operating systems Heuristic algorithms Computer architecture Benchmark testing Registers

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Deriving Distinguishing Sequences for Input/Output Automata

Deriving Distinguishing Sequences for Input/Output Automata

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East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS)

作者： Nina Yevtushenko Igor Burdonov Alexandr Kossachev Software Engineering department Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of RAS Moscow Russia Software engineering deparment Ivannikov Institute for System Programming Moscow Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781728198996

ISBN: (纸本)9781728199009

Input/Output (I/O) automata are widely used when deriving high quality tests for (components of) complex discrete systems based on so called distinguishing sequences. For I/O automata, the number of distinguishability relations is much bigger than for classical deterministic Finite State Machines (FSM). In order to avoid submitting the same test sequence several number of times, i.e., avoid the "all weather conditions" assumption, the separability relation can be considered. If two Input/Output automata are separable then there exists an input sequence such that after submitting this sequence and observing produced outputs it can be uniquely concluded which automaton is under testing. In this paper, we modify the discipline of applying input sequences and discuss the derivation of separating sequences for automata with mixed states, i.e., states where transitions both under inputs and under outputs are defined, as well as with cycles labeled by outputs. We also illustrate how an adaptive separating sequence can be derived when both automata are input-enabled.

关键词： Automata Testing Software engineering programming Transforms Meteorology Adaptive systems

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Catalyst: Combining Co-training and Active Learning for Lifelong Classification

Catalyst: Combining Co-training and Active Learning for Life...

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Ivannikov ISPras Open Conference (ISPras)

作者： Maxim A. Ryndin Denis Y. Turdakov Sergey D. Kuznetsov Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Russia Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781665412919

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448215

Modern supervised algorithms assume that the dataset used for training has the same distributions as the data to be processed. However, the real data is permanently changing. This leads to the gradual degradation of supervised machine learning algorithms in production systems and increases the cost of the maintaining. To solve this problem, we are focusing on domain adaptation of machine learning algorithms in lifelong manner. We assume that real unlabelled data come in continuously. For this setting we propose a method for detecting changes in data distributions, as well as updating supervised algorithms. The idea behind the method is to process a portion of the data and create a new labelled dataset for training a supervised model. The trained model becomes a part of the ensemble used for selecting a strategy to deal with new examples: assign the label automatically using co-training or manually with the aid of active learning. This method is independent of the specific architecture of the model and could be used with any modern supervised algorithms, including artificial neural networks. Our research also confirms two findings. First, adding small portion of data with reliable labels to a self-labelled dataset improves model's performance, even if this amount is small to build a model from scratch. It is also shown that accumulating domain knowledge by continuously adding new trained models to ensemble used for labelling, reduces the amount of labelled data required while maintaining the high performance of the adapted model.

关键词： Training Adaptation models Production systems Machine learning algorithms Data models Reliability Labeling

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Synchronous composition of quasi-complete and quasi-deterministic FSMs

Synchronous composition of quasi-complete and quasi-determin...

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International Conference on Actual Problems of systems and Software Engineering

作者： Igor Burdonov Alexandr Kossachev Nina Yevtushenko Tiziano Villa Software Engineering department Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of RAS Software engineering deparment Ivannikov Institute for System Programming Computer Science Department University of Verona

ISBN: (纸本)9781728160627

In this paper, we consider the synchronous composition of Finite State Machines (FSMs) that corresponds to instantaneous communication of hardware components. Such FSMs can be deterministic or nondeterministic, partial or complete. We first extend the existing synchronous composition operator from a pair of components to a collection of components with multiple input and output ports, and provide a procedure to compute the composition working directly on the collection of transition tables of the component FSMs. Then, based on the notion of input-output Moore pair (the output is not sensitive to the input), we prove the following sufficient condition: if the composition has the property that every cycle of ports has a component with a Moore pair, then the class of quasi-complete and quasi-deterministic FSMs is closed under the proposed synchronous composition.

关键词： Finite state machine (FSM) Quasi-deterministic FSM Quasi-complete FSM Moore pair Synchronous composition Pairing multi-input output ports harbors finite state machines deterministic

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The Unknown Component Problem: Theory and Applications

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2007年

作者： Tiziano Villa Robert King Brayton Alan Mishchenko Alexandre F Petrenko Alberto Luigi Sangiovanni-Vincentelli Nina V Yevtushenko

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LingvoDoc: Phonology Option Features (Using theExample of the Forest Nenets Languages)

LingvoDoc: Phonology Option Features (Using theExample of th...

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Ivannikov ISPras Open Conference (ISPras)

作者： Natalia Koshelyuk Linguistic Platforms Laboratory Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Russia

The article presents the results of a study of the field material of the Purovsky dialect of the Forest Nenets language. His experimental phonological analysis was conducted using the LingvoDoc data processing algorithms. A comparison of the vowel sound system obtained as a result of this analysis with other phonetic systems of the Forest Nenets language proposed by linguists of the XX-XXI centuries, and its four separate native speakers, allowed us to conclude that this dialect is unique and further research is necessary, taking into account data on contact languages for the Forest Nenets.

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Comparison of Single-Velocity and Multi-Velocity Multiphase Models for Slope Flow Simulations

Comparison of Single-Velocity and Multi-Velocity Multiphase ...

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Ivannikov ISPras Open Conference (ISPras)

作者： Daria Romanova Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781665412919

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448215

This article compares two approaches for describing flow dynamics on mountain slopes: using a single-velocity multi-phase model and a multi-velocity multiphase model. Simulation of experiments of a slushflow in a tank and interaction of the flow with a complex of protective structures using single-velocity and multi-velocity multiphase approaches is carried out. Comparison of numerical solutions with experimental data is made. Both approaches are applied to the calculation of an avalanche in the 22nd avalanche site of the Yukspor Mountain (Khibiny). The range of the avalanche run-out zone and the shape of the avalanche deposits were compared with field data obtained from the results of measuring the real avalanche in this cite. As a result of a numerical experiment, distributions of such parameters of the flow as flow rate, depth, density, viscosity, and bottom shear stress were obtained. The architecture of the nonNewtonianMultiphaseEulerFoam solver is being developed to describe the motion of a multiphase multi-velocity non-Newtonian medium.

关键词： Viscosity Solid modeling Shape Shape measurement Numerical models Stress Periodic structures

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MAJORCA: Multi-Architecture JOP and ROP Chain Assembler

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Nurmukhametov, Alexey Vishnyakov, Alexey Logunova, Vlada Kurmangaleev, Shamil Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Russia

Nowadays, exploits often rely on a code-reuse approach. Short pieces of code called gadgets are chained together to execute some payload. Code-reuse attacks can exploit vulnerabilities in the presence of operating system protection that prohibits data memory execution. The ROP chain construction task is the code generation for the virtual machine defined by an exploited executable. It is crucial to understand how powerful ROP attacks can be. Such knowledge can be used to improve software security. We implement MAJORCA that generates ROP and JOP payloads in an architecture agnostic manner and thoroughly consider restricted symbols such as null bytes that terminate data copying via strcpy. The paper covers the whole code-reuse payloads construction pipeline: cataloging gadgets, chaining them in DAG, scheduling, linearizing to the ready-to-run payload. MAJORCA automatically generates both ROP and JOP payloads for x86 and MIPS. MAJORCA constructs payloads respecting restricted symbols both in gadget addresses and data. We evaluate MAJORCA performance and accuracy with rop-benchmark and compare it with open-source compilers. We show that MAJORCA outperforms open-source tools. We propose a ROP chaining metric and use it to estimate the probabilities of successful ROP chaining for different operating systems with MAJORCA as well as other ROP compilers to show that ROP chaining is still feasible. This metric can estimate the efficiency of OS defences. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Program compilers

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