Trajectory planning methods and control algorithms for biped robot steady walking are discussed. The model following plus variable structure systems technique is developed for the control of dynamic walking in the sag...
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Trajectory planning methods and control algorithms for biped robot steady walking are discussed. The model following plus variable structure systems technique is developed for the control of dynamic walking in the sagittal plane. The nonlinear feedback plus modified alpha -computed torque technique is introduced for walking in the frontal plane. simulation results are provided for level walking and ascending on staircases for a five-link biped robot. These results indicate that the proposed algorithms could achieve robust trajectory tracking even in the presence of system modeling errors. Specifically, simulation results show that, even in the presence of disturbances, gait stability can be achieved within two steps after the start of walking. In addition, the biped robot can walk with prespecified patterns.< >
A system is presented which automatically constructs an assembly partial-order graph from an object-oriented model describing parts and their connections. The construction is based on the principle of assembly by disa...
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A system is presented which automatically constructs an assembly partial-order graph from an object-oriented model describing parts and their connections. The construction is based on the principle of assembly by disassembly and on assembly heuristics representing criteria for preferred subassemblies. The system first identifies disassemblable parts and subassemblies by reasoning geometric and physical constraints as well as resource requirements, and then assigns preference to the identified disassembly options based on assembly heuristics. The recursive application of this process to the selected disassemblies results in a hierarchical partial-order graph (HPOG). The HPOG not only specifies the required precedence in part assembly but also provides parallelism for implementing multiple-robot distributed and cooperative assembly. The software is organized under the cooperative-problem-solving paradigm.< >
The authors present a learning expert system which enables a robot to acquire fine motion skills automatically. The system follows the paradigm of Expert Assisted Robot Skill Acquisition (EARSA) proposed by the author...
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The authors present a learning expert system which enables a robot to acquire fine motion skills automatically. The system follows the paradigm of Expert Assisted Robot Skill Acquisition (EARSA) proposed by the authors (1987). EARSA is mainly concerned with the self-discovery of skills by a robot in conjunction with the transfer of human skills to a robot and emphasizes the distinctive difference in perceptual and physical capabilities between a human and a robot. The authors review the theory and mechanism of EARSA, describe the robot fine motion skill learning algorithm formulated on the basis of EARSA, and present the details of simulation on the robot learning of two-dimensional peg-hole insertion skills. The results of simulation indicate the dramatic improvement of performance as a result of skill learning.< >
The successful execution of grasps by a robot hand requires a translation of visual information into control signals to the hand which produce the desired spatial orientation and preshape for an arbitrary object. An a...
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The successful execution of grasps by a robot hand requires a translation of visual information into control signals to the hand which produce the desired spatial orientation and preshape for an arbitrary object. An approach to this problem, based on separation of the task into two modules, is presented. A vision module is used to transform an image into a volumetric shape description using generalized cones. The data structure containing this geometric information becomes an input to the grasping module, which obtains a list of feasible grasp modes and a set of control signals for the robot hand. Various features of both modules are discussed.< >
Quasistatic mechanical systems, in which mass or acceleration is sufficiently small for the inertial term ma in F=ma to be negligible compared to dissipative forces, are discussed. It is pointed out that many instance...
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Quasistatic mechanical systems, in which mass or acceleration is sufficiently small for the inertial term ma in F=ma to be negligible compared to dissipative forces, are discussed. It is pointed out that many instances of robotic manipulation can be well approximated as quasistatic systems, with the dissipative force being dry friction. Energetic formulations of Newton's laws have often been found useful in the solution of mechanics problems involving multiple constraints. An intuitive minimum power principle is outlined which states that a system chooses at every instant the lowest-energy, or 'easiest', motion in conformity with the constraints. Surprisingly, the principle is in general false; but it is proved that the principle is correct in the useful special case that Coulomb friction is the only dissipative or velocity-dependent force acting in the system.< >
Model identification and control of a single-link, very flexible manipulator is carried out. The objective is first to find the transfer functions relating the tip position to the motor position and the motor position...
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Model identification and control of a single-link, very flexible manipulator is carried out. The objective is first to find the transfer functions relating the tip position to the motor position and the motor position to the motor current, and then to use the transfer functions to control the tip position of the manipulator. Because of the nonlinearities introduced by the static friction of the motor and due to very low damping of the manipulator, classical frequency-domain techniques cannot be used to find the transfer functions, so a novel method is proposed. A set of experiments has been performed, and transfer functions which fit this data have been obtained. The control scheme contains an inner loop for the motor position and an outer loop for the tip position. For the outside loop, feedforward control and the computed torque techniques are evaluated.< >
The Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) operator is one of the most popular operators used in edge detection. This operator, however, has some problems: zero-crossings do not always correspond to edges, and edges with an asym...
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The Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) operator is one of the most popular operators used in edge detection. This operator, however, has some problems: zero-crossings do not always correspond to edges, and edges with an asymmetric profile introduce a symmetric bias between edge and zero-crossing locations. The authors offer solutions to these two problems. First, for one-dimensional signals, such as slices from images, they propose a simple test to detect true edges, and, for the problem of bias, they propose different techniques: the first one combines the results of the convolution of two LoG operators of different deviations, whereas the others sample the convolution with a single LoG filter at two points besides the zero-crossing. In addition to localization, these methods allow them to further characterize the shape of the edge. The authors present an implementation of these techniques for edges in 2-D images.< >
A decentralized adaptive control is proposed to stabilize and track the nonlinear interconnected subsystems with unknown parameters. The adaptation of the controller gain is derived by using model reference adaptive c...
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A decentralized adaptive control is proposed to stabilize and track the nonlinear interconnected subsystems with unknown parameters. The adaptation of the controller gain is derived by using model reference adaptive control theory based on Lyapunov's direct method. The adaptive gains consist of sigma , proportional, and integral combination of the measured and reference values of the corresponding subsystem. The proposed control is applied to the joint control of a two-link robot manipulator, and the performance in computer simulation corresponds with what is expected in theoretical development.< >
In Fourier optics, the Fourier transformation is performed on the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave, whereas in the computational method the transformation is usually applied to the grayness of its image which is ...
In Fourier optics, the Fourier transformation is performed on the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave, whereas in the computational method the transformation is usually applied to the grayness of its image which is proportional to the intensity of the electromagnetic signal.
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