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3rd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications, ICMNWC 2023

作者： Kavitha, V.R. Muthu, Annamalai Geetha, B. Pandi, V. Samuthira Dinesh, M. Princy, B. Anni R.M.K. Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Tamil Nadu Chennai India University of Technology & Applied Science Department of Engineering Nizwa Oman Prince Shri Venkateshwara PadmavathyEngineering College Department of Science & Humanities Tamil Nadu Chennai India Centre for Advanced Wireless Integrated Technology Chennai Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Department of VLSI Microelectronics Tamil Nadu Chennai India Panimalar Engineering College Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317022

The increased risk of being involved in a traffic collision is directly proportional to the rate at which the number of vehicles on the road is growing. The majority of people in the world believe that driving under the influence of alcohol is a significant factor in the number of people killed in car accidents. The fundamental purpose of this investigation is to develop a device that is able to determine the degree of drunkenness that is present in the driver of a motor vehicle. The purpose of the proposed system is to discourage users from getting behind the wheel while under the influence of alcohol or drugs in order to reduce the number of accidents that are caused by intoxicated drivers. As part of this investigation, we propose the Fuzzy Assisted Alcohol Detection Mechanism (FAADM), which is a logical fuzzy-based alcohol detection mechanism. It uses a Direct Current (DC) motor as the vehicle's engine and a push button as its ignition system. This mechanism detects the presence of alcohol using a fuzzy-logic approach. The efficiency of this system is always being evaluated to ensure that it performs as designed. If this system were put into place, there would be a reduction in the number of accidents on the roads of smart cities that were caused by drivers who were under the influence of alcohol. It is strongly suggested that this system be fitted and installed inside the vehicle. In the event of an unexpected emergency, the engine should be turned off and the alarm should be activated. If there has been no drinking or accidents, the security system can be disarmed and the vehicle's engine should be started. If alcohol is found, the car will be turned off and an alarm will ring. As the number of incidents caused by intoxicated drivers continues to rise, the implementation of a system that combines alcohol detection and vehicle immobilization has been proposed as a potential solution. Engineers have developed a gadget that can detect the amount of alcohol in a d

关键词： Alcohol Detection Mechanism Alcohol Identification Drunk and Drive FAADM Fuzzy Logic Microcontroller Road Safety Sensors

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Benchmarking Cryptographic Protocols for (IoT) Malware Defence

Benchmarking Cryptographic Protocols for (IoT) Malware Defen...

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International Symposium on applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI)

作者： Khalil Ben Khaled Dönìz Borsos Jozsef Katona Kandó Kalmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering Institute of Microelectronics and Technology Obuda University Budapest Hungary Kándó Kálmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering Institute of Electronics and Communication Systems Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Software Development and Application Institute of Computer Engineering University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Hungary GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science John Von Neumann University Kecskemet Hungary Department of Applied Quantitative Methods Faculty of Finance and Accountancy Budapest Business University Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (数字)9798350379365

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379372

This study presents a comprehensive benchmarking analysis of cryptographic protocols for Internet of Things (IoT) malware defense. The framework was specifically tailored to evaluate cryptographic protocols such as AES-128, AES-256, ChaCha20, RSA (1024-bit, 2048-bit, and 4096-bit), SHA256, SHA512, and HMAC-SHA256 were tested in both standalone and emulated environments. The primary objective was to evaluate the performance and resource consumption of these protocols, focusing on their encryption and hashing efficiency. Key innovations include the comparative analysis of resource consumption and performance efficiency across diverse cryptographic operations, under both real-world and emulated conditions. By identifying protocols like ChaCha20 for high efficiency and minimal resource usage, and RSA 4096-bit for enhanced security at higher computational costs, this study provides actionable insights into the trade-offs between security and performance. These findings offer a foundational reference for selecting optimized cryptographic protocols, advancing IoT malware defense strategies through informed decision-making.

关键词： Performance evaluation Technological innovation Benchmark testing Malware Encryption Internet of Things Reliability Informatics Machine intelligence Cryptographic protocols

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Multilayer CVD graphene electrodes using a transfer-free process for the next generation of optically transparent and MRI-compatible neural interfaces

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第5期8卷 183-196页

作者： Nasim Bakhshaee Babaroud Merlin Palmar Andrada Iulia Velea Chiara Coletti Sebastian Weingärtner Frans Vos Wouter A.Serdijn Sten Vollebregt Vasiliki Giagka Department of Microelectronics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringMathematics and Computer ScienceDelft University of TechnologyMekelweg 4Delft 2628 CDThe Netherlands Technologies for Bioelectronics Group Department of System Integration and Interconnection TechnologiesFraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Micro-integration IZMGustav-Meyer-Allee 25Berlin 13355Germany Department of Imaging Physics Faculty of Applied ScienceDelft University of TechnologyLorentzweg 1Delft 2628 CJThe Netherlands Erasmus University Medical Center(Erasmus MC) dr.Molewaterplein 40Rotterdam 3015 GDThe Netherlands

Multimodal platforms combining electrical neural recording and stimulation,optogenetics,optical imaging,and magnetic resonance(MRI)imaging are emerging as a promising platform to enhance the depth of characterization in neuroscientific *** conductive,optically transparent,and MRI-compatible electrodes can optimally combine all *** as a suitable electrode candidate material can be grown via chemical vapor deposition(CVD)processes and sandwiched between transparent biocompatible ***,due to the high graphene growth temperature(≥900℃)and the presence of polymers,fabrication is commonly based on a manual transfer process of pre-grown graphene sheets,which causes reliability *** this paper,we present CVD-based multilayer graphene electrodes fabricated using a wafer-scale transfer-free process for use in optically transparent and MRI-compatible neural *** fabricated electrodes feature very low impedances which are comparable to those of noble metal electrodes of the same size and *** also exhibit the highest charge storage capacity(CSC)reported to date among all previously fabricated CVD graphene *** graphene electrodes did not reveal any photo-induced artifact during 10-Hz light pulse ***,we show here,for the first time,that CVD graphene electrodes do not cause any image artifact in a 3T MRI *** results demonstrate that multilayer graphene electrodes are excellent candidates for the next generation of neural interfaces and can substitute the standard conventional metal *** fabricated graphene electrodes enable multimodal neural recording,electrical and optogenetic stimulation,while allowing for optical imaging,as well as,artifact-free MRI studies.

关键词： transparent transfer process

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An FPGA-based 7-ENOB 600 msample/s adc without any external components 21

An FPGA-based 7-ENOB 600 msample/s adc without any external ...

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2021 ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, FPGA 2021

作者： Leuenberger, Lukas Amiet, Dorian Wei, Tao Zbinden, Paul OST-Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences Imes Institute for Microelectronics and Embedded Systems Rapperswil Switzerland University of Rhode Island Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Kingston United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450382182

Analog to digital converters (ADCs) are indispensable nowadays. Analog signals are digitized earlier and earlier in the processing chain to reduce the need for complex analog signal processing. For this reason, ADCs are often integrated directly into field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or microprocessors. However, such ADCs are designed for a specific set of requirements with limited flexibility. In this paper, a new structure of an FPGA-based ADC is proposed. The ADC is based on the slope ADC, where a time-to-digital converter (TDC) measures the time from the beginning of a reference slope until the slope reaches the voltage-to-be-measured. Only FPGA-internal elements are used to build the ADC. It is fully reconfigurable and does not require any external components. This innovation offers the flexibility to convert almost any digital input/output (I/O) into an ADC. Considering the very high number of digital I/O ports available in today's FPGA systems, this enables the construction of a massive and powerful ADC array directly on a standard FPGA. The proposed ADC has a resolution of 9.3 bit and achieves an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 7 at a sample rate of 600 MSample/s. The differential nonlinearity (DNL) ranges from-0.9 to 0.9 bit, and the integral nonlinearity (INL) is in the range between-1.1 and 0.9 bit. An alternative version of the ADC operates at 1.2 GSample/s and achieves an ENOB of 5.3. © 2021 ACM.

关键词： Signal processing

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Towards Virtual Prototyping of Electrically Active Implants Using SystemC-AMS

Towards Virtual Prototyping of Electrically Active Implants ...

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MBMV 2020 - Methods and Description Languages for Modelling and Verification of Circuits and Systems;GMM/ITG/GI-Workshop

作者： Jakob Heller Christoph Niemann Franz Plocksties Christian Haubelt Dirk Timmermann Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock

ISBN: (纸本)9783800752201

Deep Brain Stimulation is an indispensable therapy option for severe neurodegenerative diseases like parkinson. However, the lack of understanding of the functional principle hinders an optimal clinical application. Therefore, basic research in animal models is crucial. For the development of neurostimulators in rodents, physical prototyping alone is not feasible anymore due to the growing complexity and necessary optimization of the overall implants. However, there is no scientific approach for virtual prototyping of neurostimulators. This work proposes a power model for a developed neurostimulator, based on a time continuous battery model and power-state-machines. The model was implemented in SystemC and SystemC-AMS and validated against measurements. The model helped us understand and find power optimal working points of the implant and thus achieve a runtime gain of 44% with a given battery. Consequently, this work shows that we can use virtual prototyping in SystemC-AMS to aid design decisions for future implant versions.

关键词： Virtual prototyping Neurostimulator Implants and Prostheses powered models Deep Brain Stimulation Prosthesis Laboratory animal Electricity

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A Refinement Framework of CS-MRI Using the Fast Low-Rank Approximation

A Refinement Framework of CS-MRI Using the Fast Low-Rank App...

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International Conference on computer and Communications (ICCC)

作者： Shuqi Xu Youjun Xiang Xia Zeng Wei Zhang Chunsheng Zhuang Zhen Chen School of Electronic and Information Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China School of Electronic and Information Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China Department of of electrical and computer engineering Guangzhou University Sontan College Guangzhou China Henan Academy of Science Applied Physics Institute Co. Ltd Henan China Institute of Microelectronics University of Macau Macau China

ISBN: (数字)9798331507077

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507084

Compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI) enables fast acquisition, which is highly desirable for numerous clinical applications. However, the quality of the MR images will depend upon the rate of undersampling. Especially, under the extremely undersampling case, if the image obtained by a conventional CS-MRI method is not satisfied, is any remedial measure could be made? In this paper, a refinement framework of CS-MRI will be proposed as the remedial measure. In the refinement framework, the MR image obtained by using the conventional CS-MRI method, will be taken as the training image. A low-rank model associated with a self-learning scheme will be established for the refinement framework. To preserve more detail features and to reduce the complexity, a partial singular value thresholding (SVT) method and an adaptive selection of the regularization parameter will be employed to establish the solver. Numerical simulations show that the proposed framework can be the remedial measure to improve the quality and robustness of MR image reconstruction in the low sampling case.

关键词： Training Thresholding (Imaging) Dictionaries Magnetic resonance imaging Image edge detection Numerical simulation Robustness Numerical models Image reconstruction Compressed sensing

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Decentral load control for data centers

Decentral load control for data centers

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IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom)

作者： Felix Uster Franz Plocksties Dirk Timmermann Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728176475

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176482

The regulation and stabilization of the power grid requires various system services that have been provided so far primarily by conventional power plants. With the future shutdown of coal-fired and nuclear power plants, investigations into the provision of these services will become all the more important in order to ensure the safe operation of the grid. Currently, photovoltaic and wind can only provide limited so-called control power, so that new methods such as the regulation of large consumers will become interesting. Adapting the electricity requirements of consumers to the current grid situation has a comparable effect to the provision of additional balancing power on the generation side. Some consumers like data centers can provide primary control power at high speed. In this paper we present how data centers can autonomously support grid stabilization with minimal impact on the daily operation. Additional benefits include an higher efficiency and the ability to take advantage of any future financial bonuses by regulation authorities or electricity suppliers.

关键词： Data centers Power demand Power grids Program processors Regulation Load management Load flow control

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Trust Zone Formation for Building Automation Networks Using Building Information Modeling

Trust Zone Formation for Building Automation Networks Using ...

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Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (GCAIoT), IEEE Global Conference

作者： Arne Wall Björn Butzin Dirk Timmermann University of Rostock Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728184203

ISBN: (纸本)9781728184210

Modern Building Automation Systems (BAS) consist of sensors and actuators that are connected via an IP-based network and offer their functionality via RESTful APIs. Because a single device can be exploited by an attacker to perform attacks within the local network, we put devices into isolated groups. These groups are isolated MAC-layer Trust Zones to reduce the attack surface in contrast to a BAS with fully connected devices. We propose an algorithm that leverages the so far neglected potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM) to compute Trust Zones. We assure unimpaired operation of all applications while limiting the number of infrastructure devices. The proposed mechanisms are demonstrated considering sensors and actuators that are connected via wired Ethernet and the IEEE 802.11s WLAN mesh standard. At the application layer we make exemplary use of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). Finally, we experimentally evaluate the device acquisition and selection based on our network partitioning algorithm.

关键词： Actuators Wireless LAN Restful API Sensor systems Sensors Partitioning algorithms Building automation

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A Calibration Procedure for Sensor Based Adaptive Voltage Scaling Approaches 29

A Calibration Procedure for Sensor Based Adaptive Voltage Sc...

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29th IEEE International Symposium on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation, PATMOS 2019

作者： Niemann, Christoph Ali, Munawar Heller, Jakob Timmermann, Dirk Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728121031

Nowadays, VLSI systems suffer from increasing impacts of aging and variability. Traditionally, this is treated by applying extensive guard bands. As those guard bands are chosen at design time, they are necessarily worst case guard bands. Thus, most often they are too pessimistic. Current research tries to mitigate this by means of in-situ performance measurement based Adaptive Voltage Scaling (AVS). AVS typically relies on assumptions regarding the timing behavior of the application logic in relation to the behavior of a specific canary or sensor logic. Most published approaches use manually gained empirical data of just a few test chips and application designs for this purpose. However, to practically apply these techniques, an automatic calibration flow is needed. We propose such an automated calibration flow and test it on multiple FPGAs. We achieve an average power saving of 67%. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Automatic Configuration of a TSN Network for SDC-based Medical Device Networks

Automatic Configuration of a TSN Network for SDC-based Medic...

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IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)

作者： Benjamin Rother Martin Kasparick Eike Schweißguth Frank Golatowski Dirk Timmermann Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering University of Rostock Rostock Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728152974

ISBN: (纸本)9781728152981

Today's operating rooms consist of a multitude of medical devices. Nowadays, the interconnection of these devices is manufacturer-dependent. To overcome this lack of interoperability, the new IEEE 11073 Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) family of standards has been developed. Plenty of use cases take advantages from the interconnection of medical devices among each other, based on SDC. In this paper, we focus on time-critical use-cases, like the activation of a high-frequency surgical device to emit power at the instrument triggered by a networked foot switch. The execution of such remote control operations, are dependent on deterministic data transmission. To fulfill these requirements we propose the usage of the new Time-sensitive Networking (TSN) standards IEEE 802.1. The combination of SDC and TSN enables semantic interoperability and hard real-time communication at the same network, based on standards. We provide a new approach to automatically configure the underlying TSN network by means of the medical devices' self-description according to the SDC family of standards. Our approach shows that the required information for configuring the TSN network can be extracted from the self-description.

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