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作者： Federico, Liuzzi Isabella, De Bari Zaafouri, Kaouther Giacobbe, Braccio ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development C.R. Trisaia S.S. 106 Jonica PolicoroMT75026 Italy Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology LETMi-INSAT The National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology INSAT Carthage University 2 Boulevard de la terre BP 676 Tunis1080 Tunisia

The use of renewable sources for the production of energy and products is a pillar of the bio-based circular economy. The present paper describes the use of Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) as a sustainable feedstock for the production of second generation sugars. The residual lignocellulosic fraction of the plant contains 37% C6 and 16% C5. The exploitation of the plant carbohydrates for the production of chemicals represents one of the main targets of the research activities of the Italian projects REBIOCHEM (cluster SPRING). As part of this research program, the present work describes the acid and base-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatments of the lignocellulosic residue of cardoon. The influence of temperature, catalysts concentration, and treatment time was studied using the response surface methodology. The results indicated that the addition of different catalysts determined different extents of biomass fractionation which can be suitable for different biorefining schemes. Optimized experimental setups were achieved for each catalyst tested by using the full factorial design (ANOVA). Results showed that sulphuric acid catalysis yielded the highest cellulose enzymatic hydrolyzability (~90%) while base catalyst reduced the lignin content in the solid fibers and a significant decrease of inhibitors in the liquid fraction. © 2016 ETA-Florence Renewable Energies.

关键词： Sugars

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Simulating the rice yield change in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under SRES B2 scenario

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Acta Ecologica Sinica 2011年第1期31卷 40-48页

作者： Shuang-He Shen Shen-Bin Yang Yan-Xia Zhao Yin-Long Xu Xiao-Yan Zhao Zhu-Yu Wang Juan Liu Wei-Wei Zhang College of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing Jiangsu 210044 China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Beijing 100081 China

As one of the most important crops in China, rice accounts for 18% of the country’s total cultivated area. Increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration and associated climate change may greatly affect the rice productivity. Therefore, understanding the impacts of climate change on rice production is of great significance. This paper aims to examine the potential impacts of future climate change on the rice yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is one of the most important food production regions in China. Climate data generated by the regional climate Model PRECIS for the baseline (1961–1990) and future (2021–2050) period under IPCC SRES B2 scenario were employed as the input of the rice crop model ORYZA2000. Four experimental schemes were carried out to evaluate the effects of future climate warming, CO 2 fertilization and water managements (i.e., irrigation and rain-fed) on rice production. The results indicated that the average rice growth duration would be shortened by 4 days and the average rice yield would be declined by more than 14% as mean temperature raised by 1.5 °C during the rice growing season in 2021–2050 period under B2 scenario. This negative effect of climate warming was more obvious on the middle and late rice than early rice, since both of them experience higher mean temperature and more extreme high temperature events in the growth period from July to September. The significance effect of the enhanced CO 2 fertilization to rice yield was found under elevated CO 2 concentrations in 2021–2050 period under B2 scenario, which would increase rice yield by more than 10%, but it was still not enough to offset the negative effect of increasing temperature. As an important limiting factor to rice yield, precipitation contributed less to the variation of rice yield than either increased temperature or CO 2 fertilization, while the spatial distribution of rice yield depended on the temporal and spatial patterns of precipitation

关键词： Rice ORYZA2000 Yangtze River zone Climate change

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Arsenic occurrence in groundwater sources of Lake Victoria basin in Tanzania 6th

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6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016

作者： Ijumulana, J. Mtalo, F. Bhattacharya, P. Bundschuh, J. KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Science and Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Water Resource Engineering University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of International Center for Applied Climate Science University of Southern Queensland ToowoombaQLD Australia Faculty of Health Engineering and Sciences University of Southern Queensland ToowoombaQLD Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781138029415

Increasing naturally occurring toxic substances are becoming threat to many safer groundwater sources worldwide. Their detection, scale of occurrence and removal procedures requires sophisticated tools. This study employs geostatistical methods to study the extent of arsenic occurrence over Lake Victoria basin in Tanzania. Water samples are randomly taken at village level from available drinking water source, tested at water quality laboratory to quantify levels of As concentrations. The study further uses fuzzy logics to identify areas with no, low, moderate and high As concentrations based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) standards of 0.01 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L As respectively. The result of this study is vital to understanding severity of As contamination and prediction of potential human health effects dwelling within these regions. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Arsenic

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Occurrence of arsenic in groundwater, soil and sediments in Tanzania 6th

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6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016

作者： Ligate, F.J. Ijumulana, J. Mtalo, F. Bhattacharya, P. Bundschuh, J. KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Science and Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Water Resource Engineering University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of International Center for Applied Climate Science University of Southern Queensland ToowoombaQLD Australia Faculty of Health Engineering and Sciences University of Southern Queensland ToowoombaQLD Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781138029415

Tanzania is among the sub-Sahara African countries where most of the rural populations use ground water for drinking and other household activities. The presence of elevated concentrations of arsenic in some parts of Tanzania is possibly related to both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. From its origin in the bed-rock, inorganic As enters into soil where its concentration depends on the parent rock, climate, forms of As, redox conditions of the soils as well as anthropogenic activities. The interactions of water with rocks and sediments together with environmental deposition have resulted into high concentration in groundwater. Microbial activities in soil and sediments may produce the methylated form of As which are volatile in nature and can re-enter the atmosphere and ultimately be re converted back to inorganic forms. Exposure to elevated concentration of arsenic causes arsenicosis. Further investigations are needed in order to come up with a comprehensive report concerning the occurrence and distribution of As in Tanzania. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Arsenic

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Machine Learning-Driven Prediction of Optical and Physical Properties in Lanthanum and Gold-Doped Zinc Borotellurite Glasses for Optoelectronic Applications

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： S.N. Nazrin Camellia Doroody Liyana Adilla Burhanuddin Neesha Jothi N. Ibrahim Halimah Badioze Zaman M.H.M. Tahir Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar S. Ramesh Sagar Shelare Shubham Sharma Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE) College of Engineering Universiti Tenaga Nasional 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE) Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN @ The Energy University) Putrajaya Campus Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia Centre for Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura-140401 Punjab India Zhejiang Xingyu Mechanical and Electrical Technology Company Ltd. Tongqin Wuyi County Jinhua Zhejiang 311400 China Department of Electronic Systems Engineering (ESE) Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Department of Computing College of Computing and Informatics Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) Malaysia Dept. of Digital Economy Technology Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman 31900 Kampar Perak Department of English Language and Literature Faculty of Languages and Communication Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris 35900 Tanjong Malim Perak Malaysia Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Processing (AMMP) Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Chitkara Centre for Research and Development Chitkara University Himachal Pradesh 174103 India Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab 144411 India Department of Applied Chemistry Priyadarshini College of Engineering Nagpur Maharashtra 440019 India University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Mohali Punjab 140413 India Department of Technical Sciences Western Caspian University Baku Azerbaijan Jadara University Research Center Jadara University Jordan

Recent advancements in glass science have focused on optimizing optical and structural properties through the incorporation of rare oxide nanoparticles, such as lanthanum and gold oxide, to enhance transparency, refractive index, and band gap energy for photonic applications. Additionally, the integration of machine learning techniques in material design accelerates the prediction and optimization of these properties, enabling more efficient discovery and development of advanced glass systems for optoelectronic and photonic devices. The melt-quenching technique was employed to fabricate zinc borotellurite glasses doped with lanthanum oxide and gold oxide. The glass's amorphous nature was confirmed through structural analysis, which detected absorption bands corresponding to TeO 3 , BO 4 , and BO 3 units. A drop in molar volume with an increase in gold oxide quantity prompted a suggestion for structural reorganisation. Optical investigations indicated an increase in the optical band gap energy and a blue shift in the absorption edge. Four machine learning models—Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, and Artificial Neural Networks—were employed to forecast critical optical and physical parameters, such as refractive index, density, molar volume, optical band gap, and Urbach energy, to expedite the discovery process. This data-driven approach illustrates the transformative capabilities of machine learning in materials science, facilitating the swift modification of glass compositions to enhance optical performance for photonic and optoelectronic applications. The enhanced optical properties of the synthesized glass system make it a promising candidate for photonic and optoelectronic applications, including optical fibers, solid-state lasers, and planar waveguides , where its tunable refractive index and improved transparency can optimize signal transmission and device efficiency. Additionally, the presence of gold oxide nanoparticles suggests potential use in nonl

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Insights into the impact of light-absorbing impurities on radiative forcing and snowmelt in the Ili Basin in Central Asia

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Environmental Research 2025年 279卷 121768页

作者： Wu, Biao Wu, Na Issanova, Gulnura Ge, Yongxiao Chen, Jiayu Adili, Ayinigaer Abuduwaili, Jilili Juliev, Mukhiddin Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Xinjiang Urumqi830011 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China China-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory for Remote Sensing Technology and Application Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Almaty050012 Kazakhstan Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Almaty050040 Kazakhstan College of Ecology and Environment Xinjiang University Xinjiang Urumqi830017 China Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research "TIIAME" NRU Tashkent100000 Uzbekistan Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent Tashkent100095 Uzbekistan

Light-absorbing impurities (LAIs), such as mineral dust (MD), organic carbon (OC), and black carbon (BC), deposited in snow, can reduce snow albedo and accelerate snowmelt. The Ili Basin, influenced by its unique geography and westerly atmospheric circulation, is a critical region for LAI deposition. However, quantitative assessments on the impact of LAIs on snow in this region remain limited. This study investigated the spatial distribution of LAIs in snow and provided a quantitative evaluation of the effects of MD and BC on snow albedo, radiative forcing, and snowmelt duration through sampling analysis and model simulations. The results revealed that the Kunes River Basin in the eastern Ili Basin exhibited relatively high concentrations of MD. In contrast, the southwestern Tekes River Basin showed relatively high concentrations of OC and BC. Among the impurities, MD plays a dominant role in the reduction of snow albedo and has a greater effect on the absorption of solar radiation by snow than BC, while MD is the most important light-absorbing impurity responsible for the reduction in the number of snow-melting days in the Ili Basin. Under the combined influence of MD and BC, the snowmelt period in the Ili Basin was reduced by 2.19 ± 1.43 to 7.31 ± 4.76 days. This study provides an initial understanding of the characteristics of LAIs in snow and their effects on snowmelt within the Ili Basin, offering essential basic data for future research on the influence of LAIs on snowmelt runoff and hydrological processes in this region. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Radiation damage

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Arsenic and trace elements in groundwater, vegetables and selected food grains from middle gangetic plain—human health perspective 6th

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6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016

作者： Kumar, Manoj Ramanathan, A.L. Rahman, M.M. Naidu, R. Bhattacharya, P. School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India University of Newcastle Callaghan Campus CallaghanNSW Australia Australia KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden International Center for Applied Climate Science University of Southern Queensland ToowoombaQLD Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781138029415

Very limited efforts have been directed to determine the degree of Arsenic (As) and other trace elements contamination in food grains and understanding the associated risk to human through consumption of food in middle Gangetic plain of Bihar, India. Arsenic concentration in groundwater (>80%) samples found above BIS and WHO permissible limit, while 28% samples exceeded the previous WHO drinking water guideline (400 μg/L) for manganese (Mn). In dietary food grains As followed the sequence as rice > wheat > maize. The estimated daily intake by individual of As, Mn, Ni, Cd, Co, Pb, Zn and Cr from drinking water and dietary food grains were 169,14582, 474, 19, 26, 1449, 12955 and 882 μg/ kg. The Health Risk Index (HRI) were >1 for As in drinking water, vegetables and rice indicated the potential health risk to the residents of the study area. However, HRI © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Arsenic

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The material potential and application of activated carbon from nut shells: Mini review

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年

作者： Cam Quyen Ngo, Thi Kim Ngan Tran, Thi Chau, Hung Dung Hoang, Bich Ngoc Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

This study was given an overview of nutshell-activated carbon. Nutshell was examined as potential adsorbents for several pollutants such as MB, CR, RB-19, RR 198 by researchers. In addition, activated carbon was used to remove other divalent heavy metals in wastewater. The characteristic functional groups of the material were included OH, C = O, CO, CH, CC, C = C groups. The crystal structure of the material was shown at 2θ = 20°-30°, and 40°-50° to represent the semi-crystalline structure of activated carbon. The adsorption capacity was recorded: organic dyes (30-500 mg/g, heavy metals (10-400 mg/g), phenol (5-35 mg/g) and resistance birth (100-350 mg/g). The PSO, Langmuir, and Freundlich models describe the adsorption process. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heavy metals

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Geochemical processes for mobilization of arsenic in groundwater 6th

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6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016

作者： Herath, I. Bundschuh, J. Vithanage, M. Bhattacharya, P. Faculty of Health Engineering and Sciences University of Southern Queensland ToowoombaQLD Australia Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group National Institute of Fundamental Studies Kandy Sri Lanka KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden International Center for Applied Climate Science University of Southern Queensland ToowoombaQLD Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781138029415

This paper presents an overview of natural geochemical processes that can mobilize arsenic (As) from aquifer sediments into groundwater. The primary source of As in groundwater is pre-dominantly natural (geogenic), and can be mobilized via complicated biogeochemical interactions within various aquifer solids and water. Oxidation of sulfide minerals such as arsenopyrite, As-substituted pyrite and other sulfide minerals are susceptible to oxidation in near surface environment, and release significant quantities of As from sediments. Reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe(III) oxides/hydroxides 2and sulfide oxidation are the most common and significant geochemical triggers that tend to release As from aquifer sediments into groundwater. Hence, strengthening direct action and implementation of the best practices to target the safe groundwater sources for installing safe drinking water wells are an urgent necessity for sustainable As mitigation on a global scale. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Potable water

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Long Term Monitoring of Air Pollution on Monuments and Cultural Heritage Sites in Cyprus Using Satellite Remote Sensing

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International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era 2012年第1期1卷 145-167页

作者： K. Themistocleous A. Nisantzi A. Agapiou D. D. Alexakis D. G. Hadjimitsis V. Lysandrou S. Perdikou A. Retalis N. Chrysoulakis Department of Civil Engineering & Geomatics Cyprus University of Technology Lemesos Cyprus Restoration of Monuments and Sites Kykkos Museum Department of Civil Engineering Frederick University Nicosia Cyprus Institute of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development National Observatory of Athens Greece Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics Foundation for Research and Technology - Heraklion Crete Greece

Although cultural heritage sites are documented and preserved, to date there has been limited monitoring and documentation of how cultural heritage sites are affected by air pollution. This paper aims to introduce a new approach for monitoring air pollution for areas near cultural heritage sites by using satellite remotely sensed data. This approach provides a cost-effective tool for local authorities and government agencies to identify the most polluted cultural heritage sites and make decisions regarding the conservation of these sites. Archived data may be used in order to study long term the impact of air pollution to cultural heritage sites. The study area includes significant open air monuments of Cyprus located in the four main cities of the island. In this paper the Limassol Castle is used as a focused case study. Three years of MODIS satellite data was evaluated and analyzed in order to categorize high risk long-term areas. Ground measurements using sun-photometers, spectro-radiometers and particulate matter (PM10) laser photometer were also utilized in the study. The darkest pixel atmospheric correction in conjunction with the use of the radiative transfer equation was applied to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite images in order also to cross-validate the AOT values found from MODIS and sun-photometers. The results of the study indicate that air pollution is high in all the major cities in Cyprus near cultural heritage sites. The results also found that the Limassol castle was most affected by air pollution, while the other cultural heritage sites exhibited similar results.

关键词： monitoring air pollution PM measurements MODIS AOT cultural heritage remote sensing GIS

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