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Radiation and gyrotactic microorganisms in Walter-B nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet

Journal of Radiation research and applied Sciences 2025年第3期18卷

作者： Muhammad Shaheen Hakeem Ullah Mehreen Fiza Aasim Ullah Jan Ali Akgül A.S. Hendy Samira Elaissi Ilyas Khan Mohsen Bakhori N.F.M. Noor Department of Mathematics Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics Bacha Khan University Charsadda Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai Tamilnadu India Siirt University Art and Science Faculty Department of Mathematics 56100 Siirt Turkey Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman 11937 Jordan Department of Computational Mathematics and Computer Science Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University 19 Mira St. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russia Department of Mechanics and Mathematics Western Caspian University Baku 1001 Azerbaijan Department of Physics College of Sciences Princes Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-Zulfi Majmaah University Al-Majmaah 11952 Saudi Arabia Department of Medical Equipment Technology College of Applied Medical Science Majmaah University Majmaah 11952 Saudi Arabia Institute of Mathematical Sciences Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

The present study investigates the flow characteristics of both homogeneous and heterogeneous Walter-B nanofluids induced by a stretching sheet. Special attention is given to the effects of melting and magnetic fields on the flow behavior. The distribution of motile microorganisms is modeled using a microbial conservation equation, incorporating key parameters such as the Lewis number, Peclet number, and the microorganism difference parameter. The influence of thermal radiation and the heterogeneous reaction parameter is also considered. To facilitate the analysis, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. A convergent series solution is then obtained through the application of the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The study further explores the effects of various physical parameters, including the Prandtl number, magnetic field intensity, radiation, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, bioconvection, Peclet number, and the microorganism difference parameter. Results indicate that the velocity field decreases with an increase in the magnetic parameter, while the temperature profile diminishes with higher values of the radiation parameter. Furthermore, the concentration of microorganisms is observed to decline with increasing Lewis number.

关键词： Walter-B Homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction Radiation Bioconvection Melting phenomena

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On nonlinear schrödinger equations on the hyperbolic space

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Cencelj, Matija Faragó, István Horváth, Róbrt Repovš, Dušan D. Faculty of Education and Faculty Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Institute of Mathematics Physics and Mechanics Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Differential Equations Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary Department of Applied Analysis and Computational Mathematics Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary MTA-ELTE NumNet Research Group Budapest Hungary Department of Analysis Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary

We study existence of weak solutions for certain classes of nonlinear Schrödinger equations on the Poincaré ball model BN, N ≥ 3. By using the Palais principle of symmetric criticality and suitable group theoretical arguments, we establish the existence of a nontrivial (weak) *** Codes Primary: 35J60, 49K10, 58J32, Secondary: 35A01, 35R01 Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sobolev spaces

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LINEAR NON-DEGENERACY OF THE 1-D BLOW-UP LIMIT IN THE PHASE SEGREGATION OF BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Sourdis, Christos Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics Foundation of Research and Technology of Hellas

We show that the kernel of the linearization of the blow-up problem at the regular part of the interface that separates segregated BECs is one-dimensional, generated by translations in the normal direction to the interface. This useful non-degeneracy property was previously known only in one and two dimensions. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bose-Einstein condensation

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Randomized Compiling for Scalable Quantum Computing on a Noisy Superconducting Quantum Processor

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Physical Review X 2021年第4期11卷 041039-041039页

作者： Akel Hashim Ravi K. Naik Alexis Morvan Jean-Loup Ville Bradley Mitchell John Mark Kreikebaum Marc Davis Ethan Smith Costin Iancu Kevin P. O’Brien Ian Hincks Joel J. Wallman Joseph Emerson Irfan Siddiqi Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory Department of Physics University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02142 USA Quantum Benchmark Inc. Kitchener Ontario N2H 5G5 Canada Keysight Technologies Canada Kanata Ontario K2K 2W5 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Applied Mathematics University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

The successful implementation of algorithms on quantum processors relies on the accurate control of quantum bits (qubits) to perform logic gate operations. In this era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, systematic miscalibrations, drift, and crosstalk in the control of qubits can lead to a coherent form of error that has no classical analog. Coherent errors severely limit the performance of quantum algorithms in an unpredictable manner, and mitigating their impact is necessary for realizing reliable quantum computations. Moreover, the average error rates measured by randomized benchmarking and related protocols are not sensitive to the full impact of coherent errors and therefore do not reliably predict the global performance of quantum algorithms, leaving us unprepared to validate the accuracy of future large-scale quantum computations. Randomized compiling is a protocol designed to overcome these performance limitations by converting coherent errors into stochastic noise, dramatically reducing unpredictable errors in quantum algorithms and enabling accurate predictions of algorithmic performance from error rates measured via cycle benchmarking. In this work, we demonstrate significant performance gains under randomized compiling for the four-qubit quantum Fourier transform algorithm and for random circuits of variable depth on a superconducting quantum processor. Additionally, we accurately predict algorithm performance using experimentally measured error rates. Our results demonstrate that randomized compiling can be utilized to leverage and predict the capabilities of modern-day noisy quantum processors, paving the way forward for scalable quantum computing.

关键词： Quantum algorithms Quantum benchmarking Quantum control Quantum information with solid state qubits

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Numerical modeling of tsunamis and tsunami vulnerability analysis for Heraklion, Crete

Numerical modeling of tsunamis and tsunami vulnerability ana...

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作者： Flouri, Evangelia T. Dougalis, Vassilios A. Synolakis, Costas E. Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas Heraklion Greece School of Environmental Engineering Technical University of Crete Chania Greece Mathematics Department University of Athens Zographou15784 Greece

Tsunamis are rare events compared with other extreme natural hazards, but the growth of population along coastlines has increased their potential impact. Tsunamis are most often generated by earthquake-induced dislocations of the seafloor, which displace large water masses. They can be simulated effectively as long waves whose propagation is modeled by the nonlinear shallow water equations. In this note, we present a brief assessment of earthquake-generated tsunami hazards for the city of Heraklion, Crete. We employ numerical hydrodynamic simulations, including inundation computations with the model MOST, and use high-resolution bathymetry and topography data for the area of interest. MOST implements a splitting method in space to reduce the system of shallow water equations in two successive systems, one for each spatial variable, and it uses a dispersive, Godunov-type finite difference method to solve the equations in characteristic form. We perform probabilistic analysis to assess the effects of the earthquake epicenter location on the tsunami, for time windows of 100, 500, and 1000years. The tsunami hazard is assessed through computed values of the maximum inundation range and maximum flow depth. Finally, we present a brief vulnerability analysis for the city of Heraklion, Crete. The data needed to identify tsunami-vulnerable areas are obtained by combining remote sensing techniques and geographic information system technology with surveyed observations and estimates of population data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Tsunamis

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Hybrid deep learning and isogeometric analysis for bearing capacity assessment of sand over clay

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年

作者： Toan Nguyen-Minh Tram Bui-Ngoc Jim Shiau Tan Nguyen Trung Nguyen-Thoi Faculty of Civil Engineering Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam Laboratory for Computational Mechanics Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam Faculty of Mechanical - Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Technology Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam School of Engineering University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD 4350 Australia Smart Computing in Civil Engineering Research Group Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam Laboratory for Applied and Industrial Mathematics Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam

In this paper, Isogeometric analysis (IGA) is effectively integrated with machine learning (ML) to investigate the bearing capacity of strip footings in layered soil profiles, with a focus on a sand-over-clay configuration. The study begins with the generation of a comprehensive dataset of 10,000 samples from IGA upper bound (UB) limit analyses, facilitating an in-depth examination of various material and geometric conditions. A hybrid deep neural network, specifically the Whale Optimization Algorithm-Deep Neural Network (WOA-DNN), is then employed to utilize these 10,000 outputs for precise bearing capacity predictions. Notably, the WOA-DNN model outperforms conventional ML techniques, offering a robust and accurate prediction tool. This innovative approach explores a broad range of design parameters, including sand layer depth, load-to-soil unit weight ratio, internal friction angle, cohesion, and footing roughness. A detailed analysis of the dataset reveals the significant influence of these parameters on bearing capacity, providing valuable insights for practical foundation design. This research demonstrates the usefulness of data-driven techniques in optimizing the design of shallow foundations within layered soil profiles, marking a significant stride in geotechnical engineering advancements.

关键词： UB limit analysis Isogeometric analysis (IGA) hybrid deep neural network Whale optimization algorithm

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COVID-19 Infection Percentage Estimation from Computed Tomography Scans: Results and Insights from the International Per-COVID-19 Challenge

引用

Sensors 2024年第5期24卷 1557页

作者： Bougourzi, Fares Distante, Cosimo Dornaika, Fadi Taleb-Ahmed, Abdelmalik Hadid, Abdenour Chaudhary, Suman Yang, Wanting Qiang, Yan Anwar, Talha Breaban, Mihaela Elena Hsu, Chih-Chung Tai, Shen-Chieh Chen, Shao-Ning Tricarico, Davide Chaudhry, Hafiza Ayesha Hoor Fiandrotti, Attilio Grangetto, Marco Spatafora, Maria Ausilia Napoli Ortis, Alessandro Battiato, Sebastiano Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems National Research Council of Italy Lecce73100 Italy Laboratoire LISSI University Paris-Est Creteil Paris Vitry sur Seine94400 France Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Manuel Lardizabal 1 San Sebastian20018 Spain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao48011 Spain UMR 8520 Universite Polytechnique Hauts-de-France Université de Lille CNRS Valenciennes59313 France Sorbonne Center for Artificial Intelligence Sorbonne University of Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 38044 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates College of Computer Science and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China School of Computing National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad44000 Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Iasi700506 Romania Institute of Data Science National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Rd. East Dist. Tainan City701 Taiwan Dipartimento di Informatica Universita degli Studi di Torino Corso Svizzera 185 Torino10149 Italy Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Catania Catania95125 Italy

COVID-19 analysis from medical imaging is an important task that has been intensively studied in the last years due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, medical imaging has often been used as a complementary or main tool to recognize the infected persons. On the other hand, medical imaging has the ability to provide more details about COVID-19 infection, including its severity and spread, which makes it possible to evaluate the infection and follow-up the patient’s state. CT scans are the most informative tool for COVID-19 infection, where the evaluation of COVID-19 infection is usually performed through infection segmentation. However, segmentation is a tedious task that requires much effort and time from expert radiologists. To deal with this limitation, an efficient framework for estimating COVID-19 infection as a regression task is proposed. The goal of the Per-COVID-19 challenge is to test the efficiency of modern deep learning methods on COVID-19 infection percentage estimation (CIPE) from CT scans. Participants had to develop an efficient deep learning approach that can learn from noisy data. In addition, participants had to cope with many challenges, including those related to COVID-19 infection complexity and crossdataset scenarios. This paper provides an overview of the COVID-19 infection percentage estimation challenge (Per-COVID-19) held at MIA-COVID-2022. Details of the competition data, challenges, and evaluation metrics are presented. The best performing approaches and their results are described and discussed. © 2024 by the authors.

关键词： COVID-19

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Unconventional Excitonic States with Phonon Sidebands in Layered Silicon Diphosphide

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhou, Ling Huang, Junwei Windgaetter, Lukas Ong, Chin Shen Zhao, Xiaoxu Zhang, Caorong Tang, Ming Li, Zeya Qiu, Caiyu Latini, Simone Lu, Yangfan Wu, Di Gou, Huiyang Wee, Andrew T.S. Hosono, Hideo Louie, Steven G. Tang, Peizhe Rubio, Angel Yuan, Hongtao National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing210000 China Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Center for Free Electron Laser Science Hamburg22761 Germany Department of Physics University of California at Berkeley Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore Materials Research Center for Element Strategy Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta Midoriku Yokohama226-8503 Japan Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing100094 China Department of Physics National University of Singapore 2 Science Drive 3 117542 Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Center for Computational Quantum Physics Simons Foundation Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10010 United States College of Materials Science and Engineering National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Chongqing University Chongqing400030 China

Many-body interactions between quasiparticles (electrons, excitons, and phonons) have led to the emergence of new complex correlated states and are at the core of condensed matter physics and material science. In low-dimensional materials, unique electronic properties for these correlated states could significantly affect their optical properties. Herein, combining photoluminescence, optical reflection measurements and theoretical calculations, we demonstrate an unconventional excitonic state and its bound phonon sideband in layered silicon diphosphide (SiP2), in which the bound electron-hole pair is composed of electrons confined within one-dimensional phosphorus–phosphorus chains and holes extended in two-dimensional SiP2 layers. The excitonic state and the emergent phonon sideband show linear dichroism and large energy redshifts with increasing temperature. Within the GW plus Bethe–Salpeter equation calculations and solving the generalized Holstein model non-perturbatively, we confirm that the observed sideband feature results from the correlated interaction between excitons and optical phonons. Such a layered material provides a new platform to study excitonic physics and many-particle effects. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon compounds

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Global, regional, and national prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

引用

The Lancet 2025年第10481期405卷 785-812页

作者： Kerr, Jessica A. Patton, George C. Cini, Karly I. Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbas, Nasir Abd Al Magied, Abdallah H. A. Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdollahi, Arash Abdoun, Meriem Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdullahi, Auwal Abeywickrama, Hansani Madushika Abie, Alemwork Abiodun, Olumide Abohashem, Shady Abtahi, Dariush Abualruz, Hasan Abubakar, Bilyaminu Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E. Aburuz, Salahdein Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adams, Lisa C. Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola Adegoke, Nurudeen A. Adesola, Ridwan Olamilekan Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Adiga, Usha Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afify, Abdelrahman Yousry Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika Aghamiri, Shahin Agostinis Sobrinho, César Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahlstrom, Austin J. Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Fuzail Ahmad, Muayyad M. Ahmad, Noah Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Akrami, Ashley E. Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Thaher, Yazan Al Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Al-Amer, Rasmieh Mustafa Alansari, Amani Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y. Albashtawy, Mohammed Alemayehu, Bezawit Abeje Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhuwail, Dari Ali, Abid Ali, Endale Alemayehu Ali, Mohammad Daud Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Waad Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Alimohamadi, Yousef Al-Jabi, Samah W. Aljofan, Mohamad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alkhatib, Ahmad Almahmeed, Wael Al-Marwani, Sabah Alomari, Mahmoud A. Alqahtani, Saleh A. Alqarni, Abdullah A. Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Alrimawi, Intima Alrousan, Sahel Majed Alshahrani, Najim Z. Altaany, Zaid Altaf, Awais Alvi, Farrukh Jawad Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Aly, Safwat Alzoubi, Karem H. Mohammadi, Masoud Aman Amera, Tewodros Getnet Amiri, Sohrab Amu, H Centre for Adolescent Health Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand Population Health Theme Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo General Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Hong Kong Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran College of Pharmacy Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Epidemiology Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Tanta University Tanta Egypt Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medicine University of Setif Algeria Sétif Algeria Department of Health Sétif Algeria Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq National Institute of Epidemiology Indian Council of Medical Research Chennai India Department of Physiotherapy Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria Department of Physiotherapy Federal University Wukari Wukari Nigeria School of Health Sciences Niigata University Niigata Japan Midwifery Department Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Community Medicine Babcock University Ilishan-Remo Nigeria Cardiovascular Research Center Boston MA United States Department of Radiology Harvard University Boston MA United States Department of Anesthesiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Nursing Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Usmanu Danfodiy

Background: Despite the well documented consequences of obesity during childhood and adolescence and future risks of excess body mass on non-communicable diseases in adulthood, coordinated global action on excess body mass in early life is still insufficient. Inconsistent measurement and reporting are a barrier to specific targets, resource allocation, and interventions. In this Article we report current estimates of overweight and obesity across childhood and adolescence, progress over time, and forecasts to inform specific actions. Methods: Using established methodology from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021, we modelled overweight and obesity across childhood and adolescence from 1990 to 2021, and then forecasted to 2050. Primary data for our models included 1321 unique measured and self-reported anthropometric data sources from 180 countries and territories from survey microdata, reports, and published literature. These data were used to estimate age-standardised global, regional, and national overweight prevalence and obesity prevalence (separately) for children and young adolescents (aged 5–14 years, typically in school and cared for by child health services) and older adolescents (aged 15–24 years, increasingly out of school and cared for by adult services) by sex for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Prevalence estimates from 1990 to 2021 were generated using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models, which leveraged temporal and spatial correlation in epidemiological trends to ensure comparability of results across time and geography. Prevalence forecasts from 2022 to 2050 were generated using a generalised ensemble modelling approach assuming continuation of current trends. For every age-sex-location population across time (1990–2050), we estimated obesity (vs overweight) predominance using the log ratio of obesity percentage to overweight percentage. Findings: Between 1990 and 2021, the combined pr

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Streptomyces spp. culture filtrates deconstruct Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) virus coat 5

Streptomyces spp. culture filtrates deconstruct Odontoglossu...

引用

5th International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences, ABS 2019

作者： Lee, M.J. Liu, B.L. Chen, C.J. Chang, K.M. Huang, S.D. Chang, C.A. Department of Applied Chemistry Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Neural Regeneration Laboratory Department of Neurosurgery Neurological Institute Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Research Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Applied Mathematics National Tunghua University Hualien Taiwan

Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) are very resistant viruses and survive without cells in soil or bench environment for up to 10 years. Two strategies may prevent the infection of these virus to the plants. Firstly, to rid the cultivation environment and agriculture tools of the virus particles, and secondly, to apply the anti-viral agent on the plant to prevent the infection of the viruses. These requires development of new type of anti-viral agents. Previously Streptomyces spp was isolated, and culture filtrate was demonstrated to be anti-viral. Two strains, SML-1 and CA5-NO6 were isolated. In this paper we presented tests to compare the effects of these two strains and other anti-viral agents, on ORSV and CymMV. The culture filtrate of Streptomyces spp. CA5-NO6 strain, as well as SML-1 strain, was tested for their ability to destroy coat protein of ORSV. Morphology of ORSV or CymMV was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after treatment of the following: (1) The culture filtrate of CA5-NO6 strain (2) Trypsin, a known proteinase, (3) virusbom, an proprietary product sold in Taiwan claimed to work as an enzyme. Our results demonstrated that CA5-NO6 strain destroyed the coat protein slightly better than SML-1 strain. CA5-NO6 act on the ORSV virus in a different way to that of trypsin or virusbom, while different buffers result in different morphology of the same virus under AFM. Our data suggested the Streptomyces spp. culture filtrates deconstruct ORSV and CymMV virus coat by a mechanism not similar to those of trypsin or virubom, and both strains works, with CA5-NO6 slightly better than SML-1 strain. This provide evidence to support the further development for commercialization of the culture filtrates. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Viruses

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