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The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans (vol 581, pg 434, 2020)

NATURE 2021年第7846期590卷 E53-E53页

作者： Karczewski, Konrad J. Francioli, Laurent C. Tiao, Grace Cummings, Beryl B. Alfoldi, Jessica Wang, Qingbo Collins, Ryan L. Laricchia, Kristen M. Ganna, Andrea Birnbaum, Daniel P. Gauthier, Laura D. Brand, Harrison Solomonson, Matthew Watts, Nicholas A. Rhodes, Daniel Singer-Berk, Moriel England, Eleina M. Seaby, Eleanor G. Kosmicki, Jack A. Walters, Raymond K. Tashman, Katherine Farjoun, Yossi Banks, Eric Poterba, Timothy Wang, Arcturus Seed, Cotton Whiffin, Nicola Chong, Jessica X. Samocha, Kaitlin E. Pierce-Hoffman, Emma Zappala, Zachary O'Donnell-Luria, Anne H. Minikel, Eric Vallabh Weisburd, Ben Lek, Monkol Ware, James S. Vittal, Christopher Armean, Irina M. Bergelson, Louis Cibulskis, Kristian Connolly, Kristen M. Covarrubias, Miguel Donnelly, Stacey Ferriera, Steven Gabriel, Stacey Gentry, Jeff Gupta, Namrata Jeandet, Thibault Kaplan, Diane Llanwarne, Christopher Munshi, Ruchi Novod, Sam Petrillo, Nikelle Roazen, David Ruano-Rubio, Valentin Saltzman, Andrea Schleicher, Molly Soto, Jose Tibbetts, Kathleen Tolonen, Charlotte Wade, Gordon Talkowski, Michael E. Aggregation, Genome Neale, Benjamin M. Daly, Mark J. MacArthur, Daniel G. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland Helsinki Finland Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA National Heart & Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences Imperial College London London UK Cardiovascular Research Centre Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust London UK Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc Boston MA USA Division of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children’s Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Broad Genomics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Neurology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Estonian Genome Center Institute of Genomics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Data Sciences Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Diabetes Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Program in Metabolism Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Division of General Internal Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Genomics Diabetes and Endocrinology Lund University Lund Sweden Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics Folkhälsan Research C

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Transcript expression-aware annotation improves rare variant interpretation (vol 581, pg 452, 2020)

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NATURE 2021年第7846期590卷 E54-E54页

作者： Cummings, Beryl B. Karczewski, Konrad J. Kosmicki, Jack A. Seaby, Eleanor G. Watts, Nicholas A. Singer-Berk, Moriel Mudge, Jonathan M. Karjalainen, Juha Satterstrom, F. Kyle O'Donnell-Luria, Anne H. Poterba, Timothy Seed, Cotton Solomonson, Matthew Alfoldi, Jessica Daly, Mark J. MacArthur, Daniel G. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Genomic Informatics Group University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Division of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children’s Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Broad Genomics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA National Heart & Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences Imperial College London London UK Cardiovascular Research Centre Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust London UK Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Estonian Genome Center Institute of Genomics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Cardiac Arrhythmia Service Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Division of General Internal Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Data Sciences Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Genomics Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton Cambridgeshire UK Unidad de Investigaci

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Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2020年第6期8卷 585-596页

作者： Soriano, Joan B Kendrick, Parkes J Paulson, Katherine R Gupta, Vinay Abrams, Elissa M Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji Adhikari, Tara Ballav Advani, Shailesh M Agrawal, Anurag Ahmadian, Elham Alahdab, Fares Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Altirkawi, Khalid A Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Anber, Nahla Hamed Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjomshoa, Mina Ansari, Fereshteh Antó, Josep M Arabloo, Jalal Athari, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Awoke, Nefsu Badawi, Alaa Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Berfield, Kathleen S Sachiko Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Brauer, Michael Bukhman, Gene Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Car, Josip Carrero, Juan J Carvalho, Felix Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Christopher, Devasahayam J Cohen, Aaron J Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dang, Anh Kim Daryani, Ahmad de Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam De Neve, Jan-Walter Desai, Rupak Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diaz, Daniel Douiri, Abdel Driscoll, Tim Robert Duken, Eyasu Ejeta Eftekhari, Aziz Elkout, Hajer Endries, Aman Yesuf Fadhil, Ibtihal Faro, Andre Farzadfar, Farshad Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foroutan, Masoud Garcia-Gordillo, M.A. Gebre, Abadi Kahsu Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal Gill, Paramjit Singh Gillum, Richard F Goudarzi, Houman Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajeev Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa Hasanzadeh, Amir Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Hoang, Chi Linh Hole, Michael K Horita, Nobuyuki Hosgood, H Dean Hostiuc, Mihaela Househ, Mowafa Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Milena D Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jamal, Amr A Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Kabir, Zubair Kasaeian, Amir Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kefale, Adane Teshome Kengne, Andre Pascal Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khubchandani, Jagdish Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Yun Jin Kisa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (Princess University Hospital) Madrid Spain Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) (Center for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases Network) Madrid Spain Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Seattle WA United States Department of Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States University of Washington Seattle WA United States Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada Ophthalmology Department University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada Department of Paediatrics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Medical Rehabilitation Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Nepal Health Frontiers University of Southern Denmark Kathmandu Nepal Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC United States Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Delhi India Internal Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX United States Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems Baku Azerbaijan Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundat

Background: Previous attempts to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases have focused only on specific disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. In this study, we aimed to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases globally, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on geographical and time trends from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we estimated the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributable to chronic respiratory diseases through an analysis of deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL) by GBD super-region, from 1990 to 2017, stratified by age and sex. Specific diseases analysed included asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and other chronic respiratory diseases. We also assessed the contribution of risk factors (smoking, second-hand smoke, ambient particulate matter and ozone pollution, household air pollution from solid fuels, and occupational risks) to chronic respiratory disease-attributable DALYs. Findings: In 2017, 544·9 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 506·9–584·8) worldwide had a chronic respiratory disease, representing an increase of 39·8% compared with 1990. Chronic respiratory disease prevalence showed wide variability across GBD super-regions, with the highest prevalence among both males and females in high-income regions, and the lowest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. The age-sex-specific prevalence of each chronic respiratory disease in 2017 was also highly variable geographically. Chronic respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of death in 2017 (7·0% [95% UI 6·8–7·2] of all deaths), behind cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Deaths due to chronic respiratory diseases numbered 3 914 196 (95% UI 3 790 578–4 044 819) in 2017, an increase of 18·0% since 1990, while

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Comparative study of inelastic squared form factors of the vibronic states of B1Σu+, C1Πu, and EF1Σg+ for molecular hydrogen: Inelastic x-ray and electron scattering

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Physical Review A 2018年第3期97卷 032503-032503页

作者： Long-Quan Xu Xu Kang Yi-Geng Peng Xin Xu Ya-Wei Liu Yong Wu Ke Yang Nozomu Hiraoka Ku-Ding Tsuei Jian-Guo Wang Lin-Fan Zhu Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088 People's Republic of China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 People's Republic of China National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan Republic of China

A joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the valence-shell excitations of hydrogen has been performed by the high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering and electron scattering as well as the multireference single- and double-excitation configuration-interaction method. Momentum-transfer-dependent inelastic squared form factors for the vibronic series belonging to the B1Σu+,C1Πu, and EF1Σg+ electronic states of molecular hydrogen have been derived from the inelastic x-ray scattering method at an impact photon energy around 10 keV, and the electron energy-loss spectra measured at an incident electron energy of 1500 eV. It is found that both the present and the previous calculations cannot satisfactorily reproduce the inelastic squared form-factor profiles for the higher vibronic transitions of the B1Σu+ state of molecular hydrogen, which may be due to the electronic-vibrational coupling for the higher vibronic states. For the C1Πu state and some vibronic excitations of EF1Σg+ state, the present experimental results are in good agreement with the present and previous calculations, while the slight differences between the inelastic x-ray scattering and electron energy-loss spectroscopy results in the larger squared momentum-transfer region may be attributed to the increasing role of the higher-order Born terms in the electron-scattering process.

关键词： Electron & positron scattering Electronic excitation & ionization Electronic structure of atoms & molecules Electronic transitions Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

SummaryBackgroundAcross low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. MethodsWe used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. FindingsThe greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. InterpretationBy co-analysing geospatial trends in dia

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Search for anisotropic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s first three observing runs

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Physical Review D 2021年第2期104卷 022005-022005页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott S. Abraham F. Acernese K. Ackley A. Adams C. Adams R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu K. M. Aleman G. Allen A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koya Arai Koji Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin P. Aufmuth K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer M. Bals A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar R. S. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik J. Bidler I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn J. Blackman C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant A. Buikema T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic R. L. Byer L. Cadonati M. Caesar G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane H. W. Cain, III J. Calderón Bustillo J. LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia 23606 USA LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) I-67100 L’Aquila Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso I-67100 Assergi Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Università di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan California State University Fullerton Fullerton California 92831 USA NCSA University of Illinois

We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called pystoch on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of gravitational-wave signals. Hence we derive 95% confidence-level upper limit sky maps on the gravitational-wave energy flux from broadband point sources, ranging from Fα,Θ<(0.013–7.6)×10−8 erg cm−2 s−1 Hz−1, and on the (normalized) gravitational-wave energy density spectrum from extended sources, ranging from Ωα,Θ<(0.57–9.3)×10−9 sr−1, depending on direction (Θ) and spectral index (α). These limits improve upon previous limits by factors of 2.9–3.5. We also set 95% confidence level upper limits on the frequency-dependent strain amplitudes of quasimonochromatic gravitational waves coming from three interesting targets, Scorpius X-1, SN 1987A and the Galactic Center, with best upper limits range from h0<(1.7–2.1)×10−25, a factor of ≥2.0 improvement compared to previous stochastic radiometer searches.

关键词： Experimental studies of gravity General relativity Gravitational waves

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Searches for neutrinos in the direction of radio-bright blazars with the ANTARES telescope

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Albert, A. Alves, S. André, M. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Aubert, J.-J. Aublin, J. Baret, B. Basa, S. Becherini, Y. Belhorma, B. Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Bissinger, M. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M.C. Branzaş, H. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Campion, S. Capone, A. Caramete, L. Carenini, F. Carr, J. Carretero, V. Celli, S. Cerisy, L. Chabab, M. Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Coelho, J.A.B. Coleiro, A. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cruz, A.S.M. Díaz, A.F. De Martino, B. Distefano, C. Di Palma, I. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Drouhin, D. Eberl, T. van Eeden, T. van Eijk, D. Hedri, S. El Khayati, N. El Enzenhöfer, A. Fermani, P. Ferrara, G. Filippini, F. Fusco, L. Gagliardini, S. García, J. Oliver, C. Gatius Gay, P. Geißelbrecht, N. Glotin, H. Gozzini, R. Ruiz, R. Gracia Graf, K. Guidi, C. Haegel, L. Hallmann, S. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A.J. Hello, Y. Hernández-Rey, J.J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, J. Huang, F. Illuminati, G. James, C.W. Jisse-Jung, B. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Kadler, M. Kalekin, O. Katz, U. Kouchner, A. Kreykenbohm, I. Kulikovskiy, V. Lahmann, R. Lamoureux, M. Lazo, A. Lefèvre, D. Leonora, E. Levi, G. Le Stum, S. Lopez-Coto, D. Loucatos, S. Maderer, L. Manczak, J. Marcelin, M. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Martínez-Mora, J.A. Migliozzi, P. Moussa, A. Muller, R. Navas, S. Nezri, E. Fearraigh, B.Ó. Oukacha, E. Paun, A. Pavalaş, G.E. Pena-Martínez, S. Perrin-Terrin, M. Pestel, V. Piattelli, P. Poirè, C. Popa, V. Pradier, T. Randazzo, N. Real, D. Reck, S. Riccobene, G. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, A. Saina, A. Greus, F. Salesa Samtleben, D.F.E. Sanguineti, M. Sapienza, P. Schnabel, J. Schumann, J. Schüssler, F. Seneca, J. Spurio, M. Stolarczyk, Th. Taiuti, M. Tayalati, Y. Tingay, S.J. Vallage, B. Vannoye, G. Van Elewyck, V. Viola, S. Vivolo, D. Wilms, J. Zavatarelli, S. Zegarelli, A. Zornoza, J.D. Zúniga, J. Kovalev, Y.A. Kovalev, Y.Y. Plavin, A.V. Pushkarev, A.B. Troitsky, S.V. Hovatta, T. Kiehlmann, S. Liodakis, I. Pavlidou, V. Readhead, A Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 StrasbourgF-67000 France Université de Haute Alsace MulhouseF-68100 France c/ Catedrático José Beltrán Paterna Valencia2 E-46980 Spain Technical University of Catalonia Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics Rambla Exposició Vilanova i la Geltrú Barcelona08800 Spain Universitat Politècnica de València C/ Paranimf 1 Gandia46730 Spain Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France Universite Paris Cite CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France Aix Marseille Univ CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France National Center for Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques B.P.1382 R. P. Rabat10001 Morocco Universit Mohammed V in Rabat Facult of Sciences 4 av Ibn Battouta B P 1014 R P 10000 Morocco INFN Sezione di Bologna Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università di Bologna Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy Via S. Sofia 62 Catania95123 Italy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1 Erlangen91058 Germany University Mohammed I Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations B.P.717 Oujda6000 Morocco Nikhef Science Park Amsterdam Netherlands Institute of Space Science Magurele BucharestRO-077125 Romania Universiteit van Amsterdam Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica Science Park 105 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands INFN - Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy INFN - Sezione di Roma P.le Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza P.le Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy LPHEA Faculty of Science - Semlali Cadi Ayyad University MarrakechP.O.B. 2390 Morocco INFN - Sezione di Bari Via E. Orabona 4 Bari70126 Italy International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research - Curtin University BentleyWA6102 Australia Department of Computer Architecture and Technology CITIC University of Granada Granada18071 Spain Université

Active galaxies, especially blazars, are among the most promising neutrino source candidates. To date, ANTARES searches for these objects considered GeV-TeV γ-ray bright blazars. Here, a statistically complete radio-bright blazar sample is used as the target for searches of origins of neutrinos collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope over 13 years of operation. The hypothesis of a neutrino-blazar directional correlation is tested by pair counting and by a complementary likelihood-based approach. The resulting post-trial p-value is 3.0% (2.2σ in the two-sided convention), possibly indicating a correlation. Additionally, a time-dependent analysis is performed to search for temporal clustering of neutrino candidates as a mean of detecting neutrino flares in blazars. None of the investigated sources alone reaches a significant flare detection level. However, the presence of 18 sources with a pre-trial significance above 3σ indicates a p = 1.4% (2.5σ in the two-sided convention) detection of a time-variable neutrino flux. An a posteriori investigation reveals an intriguing temporal coincidence of neutrino, radio, and γ-ray flares of the J0242+1101 blazar at a p = 0.5% (2.9σ in the two-sided convention) level. Altogether, the results presented here suggest a possible connection of neutrino candidates detected by the ANTARES telescope with radio-bright blazars. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Telescopes

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Understanding the origin of bandgap problem in transition and post-transition metal oxides

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Tan, Hengxin Liu, Haitao Li, Yuanchang Duan, Wenhui Zhang, Shengbai State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics PO Box 8009 Beijing100088 China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States

Improving electronic structure calculations for practical and technologically-important materials has been a never-ending pursue. This is especially true for transition and post-transition metal oxides for which the current first-principles approaches still suffer various drawbacks. Here we present a hierarchical-hybrid functional approach built on the use of pseudopotentials. The key is to introduce a discontinuity in the exchange functional between core and valence electrons. It allows for treating the localization errors of sp and d electrons differently, which have been known to be an important source of error for the band structure. Using ZnO as a prototype, we show the approach is successful in simultaneously reproducing the band gap and d-band position. Remarkably, the same approach, without having to change the hybrid mixing parameters from those of Zn, works reasonably well for other binary 3d transition and post-transition metal oxides across board. Our findings point to a new direction of systematically improving the exchange functional in first-principles calculations. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transition metal oxides

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A structural variation reference for medical and population genetics (vol 581, pg 444, 2020)

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NATURE 2021年第7846期590卷 E55-E55页

作者： Collins, Ryan L. Brand, Harrison Karczewski, Konrad J. Zhao, Xuefang Alfoldi, Jessica Francioli, Laurent C. Khera, Amit V. Lowther, Chelsea Gauthier, Laura D. Wang, Harold Watts, Nicholas A. Solomonson, Matthew O'Donnell-Luria, Anne Baumann, Alexander Munshi, Ruchi Walker, Mark Whelan, Christopher W. Huang, Yongqing Brookings, Ted Sharpe, Ted Stone, Matthew R. Valkanas, Elise Fu, Jack Tiao, Grace Laricchia, Kristen M. Ruano-Rubio, Valentin Stevens, Christine Gupta, Namrata Cusick, Caroline Margolin, Lauren Taylor, Kent D. Lin, Henry J. Rich, Stephen S. Post, Wendy S. Chen, Yii-Der Ida Rotter, Jerome I. Nusbaum, Chad Philippakis, Anthony Lander, Eric Gabriel, Stacey Neale, Benjamin M. Kathiresan, Sekar Daly, Mark J. Banks, Eric MacArthur, Daniel G. Talkowski, Michael E. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Division of Medical Sciences Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Data Science Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Broad Genomics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Division of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children’s Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA National Heart & Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences Imperial College London London UK Cardiovascular Research Centre Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust London UK Cardiac Arrhythmia Service Cardiovascular Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Estonian Genome Center Institute of Genomics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Diabetes Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Program in Metabolism Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Division of Cardiology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Cardiovascular Disease Initiative Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Division of General Internal Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University

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Characterizing the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions at the LHC with mean transverse momentum and anisotropic flow correlations

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Acharya, S. Adamová, D. Adler, A. Adolfsson, J. Aglieri Rinella, G. Agnello, M. Agrawal, N. Ahammed, Z. Ahmad, S. Ahn, S.U. Ahuja, I. Akbar, Z. Akindinov, A. Al-Turany, M. Alam, S.N. Aleksandrov, D. Alessandro, B. Alfanda, H.M. Alfaro Molina, R. Ali, B. Ali, Y. Alici, A. Alizadehvandchali, N. Alkin, A. Alme, J. Alocco, G. Alt, T. Altsybeev, I. Anaam, M.N. Andrei, C. Andreou, D. Andronic, A. Angeletti, M. Anguelov, V. Antinori, F. Antonioli, P. Anuj, C. Apadula, N. Aphecetche, L. Appelshäuser, H. Arcelli, S. Arnaldi, R. Arsene, I.C. Arslandok, M. Augustinus, A. Averbeck, R. Aziz, S. Azmi, M.D. Badalà, A. Baek, Y.W. Bai, X. Bailhache, R. Bailung, Y. Bala, R. Balbino, A. Baldisseri, A. Balis, B. Banerjee, D. Banoo, Z. Barbera, R. Barioglio, L. Barlou, M. Barnaföldi, G.G. Barnby, L.S. Barret, V. Bartels, C. Barth, K. Bartsch, E. Baruffaldi, F. Bastid, N. Basu, S. Batigne, G. Batyunya, B. Bauri, D. Bazo Alba, J.L. Bearden, I.G. Beattie, C. Becht, P. Belikov, I. Bell Hechavarria, A.D.C. Bellini, F. Bellwied, R. Belokurova, S. Belyaev, V. Bencedi, G. Beole, S. Bercuci, A. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikova, A. Bergmann, L. Besoiu, M.G. Betev, L. Bhaduri, P.P. Bhasin, A. Bhat, I.R. Bhat, M.A. Bhattacharjee, B. Bhattacharya, P. Bianchi, L. Bianchi, N. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, J. Biernat, J. Bilandzic, A. Biro, G. Biswas, S. Blair, J.T. Blau, D. Blidaru, M.B. Blume, C. Boca, G. Bock, F. Bogdanov, A. Boi, S. Bok, J. Boldizsár, L. Bolozdynya, A. Bombara, M. Bond, P.M. Bonomi, G. Borel, H. Borissov, A. Bossi, H. Botta, E. Bratrud, L. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bregant, M. Broz, M. Bruno, G.E. Buckland, M.D. Budnikov, D. Buesching, H. Bufalino, S. Bugnon, O. Buhler, P. Buthelezi, Z. Butt, J.B. Bylinkin, A. Bysiak, S.A. Cai, M. Caines, H. Caliva, A. Calvo Villar, E. Camacho, J.M.M. Camacho, R.S. Camerini, P. Canedo, F.D.M. Carnesecchi, F. Caron, R. Castillo Castellanos, J. Casula, E.A.R. Catalano, F. Ceballos Sanchez, C. Bologna Italy Dipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino Turin Italy M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics Moscow Russia Department of Applied Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Institute of Theoretical Physics University of Wroclaw Poland University of Kansas LawrenceKS United States Foundation Yerevan Armenia AGH University of Science and Technology Cracow Poland Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev Ukraine Kolkata India Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk Russia California Polytechnic State University San Luis ObispoCA United States Central China Normal University Wuhan China Havana Cuba Mérida Mexico City Mexico Chicago State University ChicagoIL United States China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea Republic of Comenius University Bratislava Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics Bratislava Slovakia COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Creighton University OmahaNE United States Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Department of Physics Pusan National University Pusan Korea Republic of Department of Physics Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA United States Department of Physics University of Oslo Oslo Norway Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Dipartimento di Fisica Università and Sezione INFN Cagliari Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università and Sezione INFN Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università and Sezione INFN Catania Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università and Sezione INFN Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Nucleare e Teo

Correlations between mean transverse momentum [pT] and anisotropic flow coefficients v2 or v3 are measured as a function of centrality in Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and 5.44 TeV, respectively, with ALICE. In addition, the recently proposed higher-order correlation between [pT], v2, and v3 is measured for the first time, which shows an anticorrelation for the presented centrality ranges. These measurements are compared with hydrodynamic calculations using IP-Glasma and TRENTo initial-state shapes, the former based on the Color Glass Condensate effective theory with gluon saturation, and the latter a parameterized model with nucleons as the relevant degrees of freedom. The data are better described by the IP-Glasma rather than the TRENTo based calculations. In particular, Trajectum and JETSCAPE predictions, both based on the TRENTo initial state model but with different parameter settings, fail to describe the measurements. As the correlations between [pT] and vn are mainly driven by the correlations of the size and the shape of the system in the initial state, these new studies pave a novel way to characterize the initial state and help pin down the uncertainty of the extracted properties of the quark-gluon plasma recreated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Binary alloys

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