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Preserving the Privacy of Healthcare data over Social Networks Using Machine Learning

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022年第0期2022卷 4690936页

作者： Veeramakali, T. Shobanadevi, A. Nayak, Nihar Ranjan Kumar, Sumit Singhal, Sunita Subramanian, Manoharan Department of Data Science and Business Systems School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Technology Chittoor India Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur303007 India Department of Computer Science School of Informatics and Electrical Engineering Hachalu Hundesa Campus Ambo University Ambo Ethiopia

A key challenge in clinical recommendation systems is the problem of aberrant patient profiles in social networks. As a result of a person's abnormal profile, numerous vests might be used to make fake remarks about them, cyber bullying, or cyber-attacks. Many clinical researchers have done extensive study on this topic. The most recent studies on this topic are summarized, and an overarching framework is provided. When it comes to the methods and datasets that make up the data collection, the feature presentation and algorithm selection layers provide an overview of the various types of algorithm selections available. The categorization and evaluation of diseases and disorders has been one of the major advantages of machine learning in medical. Because it was harder to predict, it rendered it more controllable. It might range from difficult-to-find cancers in the early stages to certain other illnesses spread through the bloodstream. In healthcare, we may pick methods in machine learning depending on reliable outcomes. To do so, we must run the findings through each method. The major issue arises during information training and validation. Because the dataset is so large, eliminating mistakes might be difficult. The providers, other characteristics, various algorithms, data labelling techniques, and assessment criteria are all presented and contrasted in depth. Detecting anomalous users in medical social networks, on the other hand, is a work in progress. The result evaluation layer provides an explanation of how to evaluate and mark up the results of the various algorithm selection layers. Finally, it looks forward to more study in this area. © 2022 T. Veeramakali et al.

关键词： Diseases

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Nondestructive Chicken Egg Fertility Detection Using CNN-Transfer Learning Algorithms

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Saifullah, Shoffan Drezewski, Rafal Yudhana, Anton Pranolo, Andri Kaswijanti, Wilis Suryotomo, Andiko Putro Putra, Seno Aji Khaliduzzaman, Alin Prabuwono, Anton Satria Japkowicz, Nathalie Institute of Computer Science AGH University of Krakow Krakow30-059 Poland Department of Informatics Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia Center of Knowledge Engineering and Data Science Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Universitas Negeri Malang Malang65145 Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta55191 Indonesia College of Computer and Information Hohai University Nanjing211100 China Department of Informatics Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta55166 Indonesia Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Sylhet Agricultural University Sylhet3100 Bangladesh Faculty of Computing and Information Technology in Rabigh King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science American University WashingtonDC20016 United States

This study explored the application of CNN-Transfer Learning for nondestructive chicken egg fertility detection for precise poultry hatchery practices. Four models, VGG16, ResNet50, InceptionNet, and MobileNet, were trained and evaluated on a dataset (200 single egg images) using augmented images (rotation, flip, scale, translation, and reflection). The training results demonstrated that all models achieved high accuracy, indicating their ability to learn and classify chicken eggs’ fertility. However, variations in accuracy and performance were observed when these models were evaluated on the testing datasets. The InceptionNet exhibited the best overall performance, accurately classifying fertile and non-fertile eggs. It demonstrated excellent performance in all parameters of the evaluation metrics for both training and testing datasets. When evaluated on the testing datasets, it achieved an accuracy of 0.98, a sensitivity of 1 for detecting fertile eggs, and a specificity of 0.96 for identifying non-fertile eggs. The higher performance is attributed to its unique architecture, efficiently capturing features at different scales, which leads to improved accuracy and robustness. Further optimization and fine-tuning of the models might be necessary to address the limitations in accurately detecting fertile and non-fertile eggs using other models. This study highlighted the potential of CNN-transfer learning for nondestructive fertility detection and emphasized the need for further research to enhance the models’ capabilities and to ensure accurate *** Codes CS-Class: 68T07, 68T45, 68U10, ICT-Class: 94A08 © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Image classification

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Rankings never really quantify contributions: A quantitative and qualitative study on universities and their libraries

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Journal of Library Science in China 2020年 117-126页

作者： Shelia X.WEI Ronda J.ZHANG Howell Y.WANG CAO Cong Fred Y.YE International Joint Informatics Laboratory & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Services School of Information Management Nanjing University Nottingham University Business School University of Nottingham

By comparing quantitative ranking with qualitative contributions, we reveal that academic assessment has to put real contributions ahead of quantitative indicators and that rankings have nothing to do with universities’ and their libraries’ true values. The greatness of a university lies in its impacts on the progress for human knowledge and the promotion for social development. Although ranking of universities by way of quantitative indicators can reflect some information, we should pay more attention to qualitative contributions.

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Fair and explainable Myocardial Infarction (MI) prediction: Novel strategies for feature selection and class imbalance correction

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 184卷 109413-109413页

作者： Akter, Simon Bin Akter, Sumya Tuli, Moon Das Eisenberg, David Lotvola, Aaron Islam, Humayera Fernandez, Jorge Fresneda Hüttemann, Maik Pias, Tanmoy Sarkar Martin Tuchman School of Management New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ07102 United States Greenlife Medical College & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech College of Engineering BlacksburgVA United States Institute for Data Science and Informatics University of Missouri Columbia United States Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Wayne State University School of Medicine DetroitMI United States Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Montclair State University Feliciano School of Business NJ United States Department of Oncology Wayne State University School of Medicine DetroitMI United States Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics Wayne State University School of Medicine DetroitMI United States

The rising incidences of myocardial infarction (MI), often affecting individuals without traditional risk factors, highlight the urgent need for improved early detection using personal health data. However, health surveys and electronic health records (EHRs) frequently suffer from class imbalances, leading to prediction biases and differences between specificity and sensitivity, which hinder reliable model development despite the valuable insights contained in these datasets. To address this, we have introduced a novel approach to enhance MI risk prediction using self-reported attributes from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) dataset. Our approach incorporates three innovative techniques: the Dual-Path Artificial Neural Network (DP-ANN) to mitigate biased decision making across imbalanced datasets, the Triple Criteria Selection (TCS) for unbiased feature selection, and Minority Weighted Sampling (MWS) to tackle challenges of uncontrolled minority class sampling. These methods collectively enhance MI prediction and feature relevance. The DP-ANN model has achieved balanced performance, with an average specificity of 80%, sensitivity of 82%, and AUC–ROC of 89.5%, improving imbalance variance by approximately 14.96% compared to prior studies. By outperforming other models across four heavily imbalanced datasets, our approach demonstrates robustness and generalizability. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis has revealed key predictors and risk factors for MI, such as coronary heart disease and bronchitis in females, and stroke among individuals aged 35–54. In conclusion, our study provides a robust model for healthcare professionals to assess MI risk through targeted factors, promoting early detection and potentially improving patient outcomes. © 2024

关键词： Electronic health record

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Large Language Models in Healthcare

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Al-Garadi, Mohammed Mungle, Tushar Ahmed, Abdulaziz Sarker, Abeed Miao, Zhuqi Matheny, Michael E. Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Health Services Administration UAB BirminghamAL United States Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science UAB BirminghamAL United States Department of Biomedical Informatics Emory University School of Medicine AtlantaGA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States School of Business The State University of New York at New Paltz New PaltzNY United States Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Care Service Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA NashvilleTN United States

Large language models (LLMs) hold promise for transforming healthcare, from streamlining administrative and clinical workflows to enriching patient engagement and advancing clinical decision-making. However, their successful integration requires rigorous development, adaptation, and evaluation strategies tailored to clinical needs. In this Review, we highlight recent advancements, explore emerging opportunities for LLM-driven innovation, and propose a framework for their responsible implementation in healthcare settings. We examine strategies for adapting LLMs to domain-specific healthcare tasks, such as fine-tuning, prompt engineering, and multimodal integration with electronic health records. We also summarize various evaluation metrics tailored to healthcare, addressing clinical accuracy, fairness, robustness, and patient outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges associated with deploying LLMs in healthcare—including data privacy, bias mitigation, regulatory compliance, and computational sustainability—and underscore the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. Finally, these challenges present promising future research directions for advancing LLM implementation in clinical settings and healthcare. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Electronic health record

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Convolutional Neural Network Based Deep Neural Network Model for Electrocardiogram Records Classification 23

Convolutional Neural Network Based Deep Neural Network Model...

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Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems

作者： Ahmed Mahmood Khudhur Mohammed Hasan Alwan Qayssar Al Omairi Omar Abdulkareem Mahmood Yousif I Hammadi Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna Ahmed Aziz Ammar Muthanna Information Technology Department Kirkuk University Iraq Department of Communications Engineering University of Diyala Iraq Department of Computer Engineering University of Diyala Iraq Dep. of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques Bilad Alrafidain University College Iraq Institute of Computer Technologies and Information Security Southern Federal University Russia Department of computer science Benha university Egypt and International Business Management Department Tashkent State University of Economics Uzbekistan Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission The Bonch Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications Russia and Department of Applied Probability and Informatics Peoples Friendship University of Russia Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400709036

Сardiovascular diseases, also known as CVDs, currently rank as the primary incidence of mortality. The present approach for identifying illnesses involves the analysis of the Electrocardiogram (ECG), an electronic diagnostic device utilized to capture the rhythm of the heart. Regrettably, the process of seeking out specialists to conduct analysis on a substantial volume of electrocardiogram (ECG) data results in a significant depletion of medical capabilities. Hence, the utilization of deep learning algorithms for the identification of ECG characteristics has progressively gained prominence. Nevertheless, there exist certain limitations associated with these conventional approaches, which necessitate the need for manual characteristic identification, intricate models, and extensive training duration. This study presents a novel and effective approach for categorizing the five different types of heartbeats in the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. The proposed method involves the utilization of a 16-layer deep one-dimensional convolutional neural network, which exhibits both robustness and efficiency in its classification performance. Thus, the designed model is consisting of five-groups, first to fourth groups are the main feature extraction and mapping blocks, while the fifth group is fully connected and classification layers. The findings indicate that the model presented in this study has superior performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and F1-score. The proper classification of medical cases has a significant impact on the conservation of medical resources, hence positively influencing clinical practice. Additionally, the model training phase is characterized by its efficiency, since it does not significantly deplete resources.

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Various Modulation Types Classification on the Air by Convolutional Neural Network 23

Various Modulation Types Classification on the Air by Convol...

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Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems

作者： Yousif I Hammadi Mokhalad Abdulameer Kadhim Alsaeedi Omar Abdulkareem Mahmood Aws Zuhair Sameen Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna Ahmed Aziz Ammar Muthanna Dep. of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques Bilad Alrafidain University College Iraq Department of Communications Engineering University of Diyala Iraq Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques Al-Farahidi University Iraq Institute of Computer Technologies and Information Security Southern Federal University Russia Department of computer science Benha university Egypt and International Business Management Department Tashkent State University of Economics Uzbekistan Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission The Bonch Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications Russia and Department of Applied Probability and Informatics Peoples Friendship University of Russia Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400709036

Deep learning (DL), a relatively recent AI technique, has been successfully applied to the problem of automated modulation categorization (AMC), with promising results. An essential part of developing the spectrum-sensing capabilities needed by software-defined radio is carrying out radio signal classification jobs, which we did in this research by introducing a better deep neural architecture. Different detection techniques were utilized in the literature; however, DL neural networks are recently utilized in this field. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) which is one variation of the RNN network, and other techniques are some of the employed DL architectures in the field of AMC. In this paper, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model has been built to automatically classify ten-modulation formats correctly. The suggested CNN network is constructed mainly of six-Convolutional layers. The overall number of trainable parameters in the proposed network is 1,757,962. Thus, the network accuracy, which was achieved during the training reached more than 90%. Python programming packages have been used to implement the suggested approach using *** platform, which provides wide-range of facilities.

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Enhancing Diagnostic Precision in Gastric Bleeding through Automated Lesion Segmentation: A Deep DuS-KFCM Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Xian-Xian Xu, Mingkun Wei, Yuanyuan Qin, Huafeng Song, Qun Fong, Simon Tien, Feng Luo, Wei Gao, Juntao Zhang, Zhihua Siu, Shirley The Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau 999078 China Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology Zhuhai519031 China Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin999077 China Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States The School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing400067 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing400067 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Data Science Institute of Biomedical Informatics School of Medicine Hebei University of Engineering Hebei Province Handan056038 China The director of the Institute of Clinical Medicine The First People’s Hospital of Foshan Guangzhou510060 China Tsinghua University California Beijing100084 China Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Centre for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery Macao Polytechnic University Rua de Luís Gonzaga Gomes 999078 China

Timely and precise classification and segmentation of gastric bleeding in endoscopic imagery are pivotal for the rapid diagnosis and intervention of gastric complications, which is critical in life-saving medical procedures. Traditional methods grapple with the challenge posed by the indistinguishable intensity values of bleeding tissues adjacent to other gastric structures. Our study seeks to revolutionize this domain by introducing a novel deep learning model, the Dual Spatial Kernelized Constrained Fuzzy C-Means (Deep DuS-KFCM) clustering algorithm. This Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy system synergizes Neural Networks with Fuzzy Logic to offer a highly precise and efficient identification of bleeding regions. Implementing a two-fold coarse-to-fine strategy for segmentation, this model initially employs the Spatial Kernelized Fuzzy C-Means (SKFCM) algorithm enhanced with spatial intensity profiles and subsequently harnesses the state-of-the-art DeepLabv3+ with ResNet50 architecture to refine the segmentation output. Through extensive experiments across mainstream gastric bleeding and red spots datasets, our Deep DuS-KFCM model demonstrated unprecedented accuracy rates of 87.95%, coupled with a specificity of 96.33%, outperforming contemporary segmentation methods. The findings underscore the model’s robustness against noise and its outstanding segmentation capabilities, particularly for identifying subtle bleeding symptoms, thereby presenting a significant leap forward in medical image processing. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Medical image processing

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Beware of "Explanations" of AI

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Martens, David Shmueli, Galit Evgeniou, Theodoros Bauer, Kevin Janiesch, Christian Feuerriegel, Stefan Gabel, Sebastian Goethals, Sofie Greene, Travis Klein, Nadja Kraus, Mathias Kühl, Niklas Perlich, Claudia Verbeke, Wouter Zharova, Alona Zschech, Patrick Provost, Foster University of Antwerp Department of Engineering Management Antwerp2000 Belgium National Tsing Hua University Institute of Service Science Hsinchu30013 Taiwan INSEAD Technology and Business Fontainebleau77300 France Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Information Systems Frankfurt60629 Germany TU Dortmund University Department of Computer Science Dortmund44227 Germany LMU Munich Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich80539 Germany Erasmus University Rotterdam School of Management Rotterdam3062 Netherlands Copenhagen Business School Department of Digitalization Copenhagen2000 Denmark Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Scientific Computing Center Karlsruhe76131 Germany University of Regensburg Faculty of Informatics and Data Science Regensburg93053 Germany University of Bayreuth Faculty of Law Business and Economics Bayreuth95440 Germany New York University Department of Technology Operations and Statistics New YorkNY10012 United States KU Leuven Faculty of Economics and Business Leuven3000 Belgium Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin School of Business and Economics Berlin10099 Germany Leipzig University Faculty of Economics and Management Science Leipzig04109 Germany

Understanding the decisions made and actions taken by increasingly complex AI system remains a key challenge. This has led to an expanding field of research in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), highlighting the potential of explanations to enhance trust, support adoption, and meet regulatory standards. However, the question of what constitutes a "good" explanation is dependent on the goals, stakeholders, and context. At a high level, psychological insights such as the concept of mental model alignment can offer guidance, but success in practice is challenging due to social and technical factors. As a result of this ill-defined nature of the problem, explanations can be of poor quality (e.g. unfaithful, irrelevant, or incoherent), potentially leading to substantial risks. Instead of fostering trust and safety, poorly designed explanations can actually cause harm, including wrong decisions, privacy violations, manipulation, and even reduced AI adoption. Therefore, we caution stakeholders to beware of explanations of AI: while they can be vital, they are not automatically a remedy for transparency or responsible AI adoption, and their misuse or limitations can exacerbate harm. Attention to these caveats can help guide future research to improve the quality and impact of AI explanations. © 2025, CC BY.

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Query Minimization Under Stochastic Uncertainty 14th

Query Minimization Under Stochastic Uncertainty

引用

14th Latin American Symposium on Theoretical informatics, LATIN 2020

作者： Chaplick, Steven Halldórsson, Magnús M. de Lima, Murilo S. Tonoyan, Tigran Lehrstuhl für Informatik I Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands ICE-TCS Department of Computer Science Reykjavik University Reykjavik Iceland School of Informatics University of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom Computer Science Department Technion Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9783030617912

We study problems with stochastic uncertainty data on intervals for which the precise value can be queried by paying a cost. The goal is to devise an adaptive decision tree to find a correct solution to the problem in consideration while minimizing the expected total query cost. We show that sorting in this scenario can be performed in polynomial time, while finding the data item with minimum value seems to be hard. This contradicts intuition, since the minimum problem is easier both in the online setting with adversarial inputs and in the offline verification setting. However, the stochastic assumption can be leveraged to beat both deterministic and randomized approximation lower bounds for the online setting. Although some literature has been devoted to minimizing query/probing costs when solving uncertainty problems with stochastic input, none of them have considered the setting we describe. Our approach is closer to the study of query-competitive algorithms, and it gives a better perspective on the impact of the stochastic assumption. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Sorting

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