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arXiv 2018年

作者： Bazavov, A. Bernard, C. Brambilla, N. Brown, N. DeTar, C. El-Khadra, A.X. Gámiz, E. Gottlieb, Steven Heller, U.M. Komijani, J. Kronfeld, A.S. Laiho, J. Mackenzie, P.B. Neil, E.T. Simone, J.N. Sugar, R.L. Toussaint, D. Vairo, A. van de Water, R.S. Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Department of Physics Washington University St. LouisMO63130 United States Physik-Department Technische Universität München Garching85748 Germany Institute for Advanced Study Technische Universität München Garching85748 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States Department of Physics University of Illinois UrbanaIL61801 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL60510 United States CAFPE Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos Universidad de Granada GranadaE-18071 Spain Department of Physics Indiana University BloomingtonIN47405 United States American Physical Society One Research Road RidgeNY11961 United States School of Physics and Astronomy University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Department of Physics Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States RIKEN-BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Physics Department University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

We calculate the up-, down-, strange-, charm-, and bottom-quark masses using the MILC highly improved staggered-quark ensembles with four flavors of dynamical quarks. We use ensembles at six lattice spacings ranging from a ≈ 0.15 fm to 0.03 fm and with both physical and unphysical values of the two light and the strange sea-quark masses. We use a new method based on heavy-quark effective theory (HQET) to extract quark masses from heavy-light pseudoscalar meson masses. Combining our analysis with our separate determination of ratios of light-quark masses we present masses of the up, down, strange, charm, and bottom quarks. Our results for the MS-renormalized masses are mu(2 GeV) = 2.130(41) MeV, md(2 GeV) = 4.675(56) MeV, ms(2 GeV) = 92.47(69) MeV, mc(3 GeV) = 983.7(5.6) MeV, and mc(mc) = 1273(10) MeV, with four active flavors;and mb(mb) = 4195(14) MeV with five active flavors. We also obtain ratios of quark masses mc/ms = 11.783(25), mb/ms = 53.94(12), and mb/mc = 4.578(8). The result for mc matches the precision of the most precise calculation to date, and the other masses and all quoted ratios are the most precise to date. Moreover, these results are the first with a perturbative accuracy of αs4. As byproducts of our method, we obtain the matrix elements of HQET operators with dimension 4 and 5: ΛMRS = 555(31) MeV in the minimal renormalon-subtracted (MRS) scheme, µ2π = 0.05(22) GeV2, and µ2G(mb) = 0.38(2) GeV2. The MRS scheme [Phys. Rev. D97, 034503 (2018), arXiv:1712.04983 [hep-ph]] is the key new aspect of our method. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Germanium alloys

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Fundamental physics with the square kilometre array

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Weltman, A. Bull, P. Camera, S. Kelley, K. Padmanabhan, H. Pritchard, J. Racanelli, A. Riemer-Sørensen, S. Shao, L. Andrianomena, S. Athanassoula, E. Bacon, D. Barkana, R. Bertone, G. Bonvin, C. Bosma, A. Brüggen, M. Burigana, C. Bœhm, C. Calore, F. Cembranos, J.A.R. Clarkson, C. Connors, R.M.T. de la Cruz-Dombriz, Á. Dunsby, P.K.S. Fonseca, J. Fornengo, N. Gaggero, D. Harrison, I. Larena, J. Ma, Y.-Z. Maartens, R. Méndez-Isla, M. Mohanty, S.D. Murray, S.G. Parkinson, D. Pourtsidou, A. Quinn, P. Regis, M. Saha, P. Sahlén, M. Sakellariadou, M. Silk, J. Trombetti, T. Vazza, F. Venumadhav, T. Vidotto, F. Villaescusa-Navarro, F. Wang, Y. Weniger, C. Wolz, L. Zhang, F. Gaensler, B.M. Department of Mathematics & Applied Mathematics University of Cape Town 7701 Rondebosch Cape Town South Africa Department of Astronomy University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino INFN Sezione di Torino INAF – Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Via P. Giuria 1 Torino10125 Italy University of Western Australia Ken and Julie Michael Building 7 Fairway CrawleyWA6009 Australia ETH Zurich Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 ZurichCH 8093 Switzerland Department of Physics Imperial College London Prince Consort Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Martí Franquès 1 BarcelonaE08028 Spain Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics University of Oslo P.O. Box 1029 Blindern OsloN-0315 Norway Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing100871 China The Park Park Road Cape Town7405 South Africa Aix Marseille Univ CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation University of Portsmouth PortsmouthPO1 3FX United Kingdom Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel GRAPPA Institute of Physics University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands School of Physics University of Sydney NSW Australia 2006 Australia Département de Physique Théorique Center for Astroparticle Physics Université de Genève Genève 41211 Switzerland Aix Marseille Univ CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France University of Hamburg Gojenbergsweg 112 Hamburg21029 Germany INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia Via Piero Gobetti 101 BolognaI-40129 Italy GRAPPA Institute of Physics University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands Departamento de Física Teórica I and UPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain School of Physics & Astronomy Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics California Instit

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is a planned large radio interferometer designed to operate over a wide range of frequencies, and with an order of magnitude greater sensitivity and survey speed than any current radio telescope. The SKA will address many important topics in astronomy, ranging from planet formation to distant galaxies. However, in this work, we consider the perspective of the SKA as a facility for studying physics. We review four areas in which the SKA is expected to make major contributions to our understanding of fundamental physics: cosmic dawn and reionisation;gravity and gravitational radiation;cosmology and dark energy;and dark matter and astroparticle physics. These discussions demonstrate that the SKA will be a spectacular physics machine, which will provide many new breakthroughs and novel insights on matter, energy and spacetime. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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The KM3NeT potential for the next core-collapse supernova observation with neutrinos

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Aiello, S. Albert, A. Alves Garre, S. Aly, Z. Ambrosone, A. Ameli, F. Andre, M. Androulakis, G. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, M. Anton, G. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Aublin, J. Bagatelas, C. Baret, B. Basegmez du Pree, S. Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Berbee, E. van den Berg, A.M. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Bissinger, M. Boettcher, M. Bou Cabo, M. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M. Bozza, C. Brânzaş, H. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Buis, E. Buompane, R. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Capone, A. Carretero, V. Castaldi, P. Celli, S. Chabab, M. Chau, N. Chen, A. Cherubini, S. Chiarella, V. Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Cocimano, R. Coelho, J.A.B. Coleiro, A. Molla, Marta Colomer Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cuttone, G. Dallier, R. de Martino, B. de Palma, M. Di Marino, M. Di Palma, I. Díaz, A.F. Diego-Tortosa, D. Distefano, C. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Dörr, M. Drouhin, D. Eberl, T. Eddyamoui, A. van Eeden, T. van Eijk, D. El Bojaddaini, I. Elsaesser, D. Enzenhöfer, A. Espinosa, V. Fermani, P. Ferrara, G. Filipović, M.D. Filippini, F. Fusco, L.A. Gabella, O. Gal, T. Garcia Soto, A. Garufi, F. Gatelet, Y. Geißelbrecht, N. Gialanella, L. Giorgio, E. Gozzini, S.R. Gracia, R. Graf, K. Grasso, D. Grella, G. Guderian, D. Guidi, C. Haefner, J. Hamdaoui, H. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, A. Hennig, L. Hernández-Rey, J.J. Hofestädt, J. Huang, F. Idrissi Ibnsalih, W. Illuminati, G. James, C.W. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Jung, B.J. Kadler, M. Kalaczyński, P. Kalekin, O. Katz, U.F. Khan Chowdhury, N.R. Kistauri, G. van der Knaap, F. Kooijman, P. Kouchner, A. Kreter, M. Kulikovskiy, V. Lahmann, R. Lamoureux, M. Larosa, G. Le Breton, R. Le Stum, S. Leonardi, O. Leone, F. Leonora, E. Lessing, N. Levi, G. Lincetto, M. Lindsey Clark, M. Lipreau, T. Longhitano, F. Lopez-Coto, D. Maderer, L. Mańczak, J. Mannheim, K. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Markou, C. Martin, L. Martínez-Mora, J.A. Martini, A. Marzaioli, F. Mastroianni, S. Mazzou, S. Melis, K.W. INFN Sezione di Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 Catania95123 Italy Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 StrasbourgF-67000 France IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular CSIC Universitat de València c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna Valencia46980 Spain Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Università di Napoli "Federico II" Dip. Scienze Fisiche "E. Pancini" Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú Avda. Rambla Exposició s/n Vilanova i la Geltrú08800 Spain NCSR Demokritos Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics Ag. Paraskevi Attikis Athens15310 Greece INFN Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy University of Granada Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology CITIC Granada18071 Spain Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1 Erlangen91058 Germany Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras C/ Paranimf 1 Gandia46730 Spain Université de Paris CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics PO Box 41882 Amsterdam1009 DB Netherlands University Mohammed V in Rabat Faculty of Sciences 4 av. Ibn Battouta B.P. 1014 RabatR.P. 10000 Morocco INFN Sezione di Bologna v.le C. Berti-Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy Università di Bologna Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia v.le C. Berti-Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy KVI-CART University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Via S. Sofia 62 Catania95123 Italy North-West University Centre for Space Research Privat

The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of two water Cherenkov neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, aimed at neutrino astrophysics and oscillation research, respectively. Instrumenting a large volume of sea water with ∼ 6200 optical modules comprising a total of ∼ 200,000 photomultiplier tubes, KM3NeT will achieve sensitivity to ∼ 10 MeV neutrinos from Galactic and near-Galactic core-collapse supernovae through the observation of coincident hits in photomultipliers above the background. In this paper, the sensitivity of KM3NeT to a supernova explosion is estimated from detailed analyses of background data from the first KM3NeT detection units and simulations of the neutrino signal. The KM3NeT observational horizon (for a 5 σ discovery) covers essentially the Milky-Way and for the most optimistic model, extends to the Small Magellanic Cloud (∼ 60 kpc). Detailed studies of the time profile of the neutrino signal allow assessment of the KM3NeT capability to determine the arrival time of the neutrino burst with a few milliseconds precision for sources up to 5-8 kpc away, and detecting the peculiar signature of the standing accretion shock instability if the core-collapse supernova explosion happens closer than 3-5 kpc, depending on the progenitor mass. KM3NeT's capability to measure the neutrino flux spectral parameters is also presented. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photomultipliers

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Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems for QMA

Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems for QMA

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Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer science

作者： Anne Broadbent Zhengfeng Ji Fang Song John Watrous Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Ottawa Canada Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Software China School of Software Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Australia Department of C&O University of Waterloo Canada Computer Science Department Portland State University U.S.A. Institute for Quantum Computing and School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Canada Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781509039340

Prior work has established that all problems in NP admit classical zero-knowledge proof systems, and under reasonable hardness assumptions for quantum computations, these proof systems can be made secure against quantum attacks. We prove a result representing a further quantum generalization of this fact, which is that every problem in the complexity class QMA has a quantum zero-knowledge proof system. More specifically, assuming the existence of an unconditionally binding and quantum computationally concealing commitment scheme, we prove that every problem in the complexity class QMA has a quantum interactive proof system that is zero-knowledge with respect to efficient quantum computations. Our QMA proof system is sound against arbitrary quantum provers, but only requires an honest prover to perform polynomial-time quantum computations, provided that it holds a quantum witness for a given instance of the QMA problem under consideration.

关键词： Quantum computing Protocols Quantum mechanics Computer science Authentication Cryptography Encoding

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Determining the Neutrino Mass Ordering and Oscillation Parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Aiello, S. Albert, A. Garre, S. Alves Aly, Z. Ambrosone, A. Ameli, F. Andre, M. Androulakis, G. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, M. Anton, G. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Aublin, J. Bagatelas, C. Baret, B. du Pree, S. Basegmez Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Berbee, E. van den Berg, A.M. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Bissinger, M. Boettcher, M. Cabo, M. Bou Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M. Bozza, C. Brânzaş, H. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Bruno, R. Buis, E. Buompane, R. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Capone, A. Carretero, V. Castaldi, P. Celli, S. Chabab, M. Chau, N. Chen, A. Cherubini, S. Chiarella, V. Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Cocimano, R. Coelho, J.A.B. Coleiro, A. Molla, M. Colomer Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cruz, A. Cuttone, G. Dallier, R. De Martino, B. De Palma, M. Di Marino, M. Di Palma, I. Díaz, A.F. Diego-Tortosa, D. Distefano, C. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Dörr, M. Drouhin, D. Eberl, T. Eddyamoui, A. van Eeden, T. van Eijk, D. El Bojaddaini, I. Elsaesser, D. Enzenhöfer, A. Espinosa, V. Fermani, P. Ferrara, G. Filipović, M.D. Filippini, F. Fusco, L.A. Gal, T. Soto, A. Garcia Garufi, F. Gatelet, Y. Geißelbrecht, N. Gialanella, L. Giorgio, E. Gozzini, S.R. Gracia, R. Graf, K. Grasso, D. Grella, G. Guderian, D. Guidi, C. Haefner, J. Hallmann, S. Hamdaoui, H. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, A. Hennig, L. Hernández-Rey, J.J. Hofestädt, J. Huang, F. Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi Illuminati, G. James, C.W. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Jung, B.J. Kadler, M. Kalaczyński, P. Kalekin, O. Katz, U.F. Chowdhury, N.R. Khan Kistauri, G. van der Knaap, F. Kooijman, P. Kouchner, A. Kreter, M. Kulikovskiy, V. Lahmann, R. Lamoureux, M. Larosa, G. Lastoria, C. Le Breton, R. Le Stum, S. Leonardi, O. Leone, F. Leonora, E. Lessing, N. Levi, G. Lincetto, M. Clark, M. Lindsey Lipreau, T. Longhitano, F. Lopez-Coto, D. Maderer, L. Mańczak, J. Mannheim, K. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Markou, C. Martin, L. Martínez-Mora, J.A. Martini, A. Marzaioli, F. INFN Sezione di Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 Catania95123 Italy Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 StrasbourgF-67000 France c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Valencia Paterna46980 Spain Aix Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Università di Napoli Federico II Dip. Scienze Fisiche E. Pancini Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú Avda. Rambla Exposició s/n Vilanova i la Geltrú08800 Spain NCSR Demokritos Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics Ag. Paraskevi Attikis Athens15310 Greece INFN Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy University of Granada Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology/CITIC Granada18071 Spain Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1 Erlangen91058 Germany Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras C/Paranimf 1 Gandia46730 Spain Université de Paris CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics PO Box 41882 Amsterdam1009 DB Netherlands University Mohammed V in Rabat Faculty of Sciences 4 av. Ibn Battouta B.P. 1014 RabatR.P. 10000 Morocco INFN Sezione di Bologna v.le C. Berti-Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy Università di Bologna Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia v.le C. Berti-Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy KVI-CART University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Via S. Sofia 62 Catania95123 Italy North-West University Centre for Space Research Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom2520 South Africa Instituto Español de Oceanogra

The next generation of water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are under construction offshore France (KM3NeT/ORCA) and Sicily (KM3NeT/ARCA). The KM3NeT/ORCA detector features an energy detection threshold which allows to collect atmospheric neutrinos to study flavour oscillation. This paper reports the KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to this phenomenon. The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to be 4.4σ if the true ordering is normal and 2.3σ if inverted, after three years of data taking. The precision to measure ∆m232 and θ23 were also estimated and found to be 85 · 10-6 eV2 and (+1.9/-3.4)° for normal neutrino mass ordering and, 75 · 10-6 eV2 and (+2.0/-7.0)° for inverted ordering. Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be sufficient to exclude (Equation presented)τ event rate variations larger than 20% at 3σ level. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neutrons

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Real-time rendering for sea water based on height field model and light interaction

引用

ICIC Express Letters, Part B: Applications 2016年第9期7卷 1975-1981页

作者： Xu, Jie Zhang, Yang Fu, Jinhua School of Software Zhengzhou University of Light Industry No. 5 Dongfeng Road Zhengzhou450002 China College of Mathematics and Information Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry No. 5 Dongfeng Road Zhengzhou450002 China State Key-Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute Zhengzhou450000 China School of Computer and Communication Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry No. 5 Dongfeng Road Zhengzhou450002 China

Real-time simulation of liquids like sea water is an important task nowadays in the field of computer graphics. In this paper, combined with simulation of light interaction, rendering of sea water at interactive rates is implemented based on the height field model. The focus of the sea rendering is a real-time and graphically realistic simulation, capable of handling different types of illumination such as refraction and reflection. In order to improve the realism of sea water, surface details are efficiently acquired by normal mapping. The effects of lighting and shading via our method are more obvious and clear in such as reflection, refraction, foam and soft shadow, which are in accord with physical interaction between light and water. © 2016 ICIC International.

关键词： Refraction

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Author Correction: The challenge of mapping the human connectome based on diffusion tractography

引用

Nature communications 2019年第1期10卷 5059页

作者： Klaus H Maier-Hein Peter F Neher Jean-Christophe Houde Marc-Alexandre Côté Eleftherios Garyfallidis Jidan Zhong Maxime Chamberland Fang-Cheng Yeh Ying-Chia Lin Qing Ji Wilburn E Reddick John O Glass David Qixiang Chen Yuanjing Feng Chengfeng Gao Ye Wu Jieyan Ma Renjie He Qiang Li Carl-Fredrik Westin Samuel Deslauriers-Gauthier J Omar Ocegueda González Michael Paquette Samuel St-Jean Gabriel Girard François Rheault Jasmeen Sidhu Chantal M W Tax Fenghua Guo Hamed Y Mesri Szabolcs Dávid Martijn Froeling Anneriet M Heemskerk Alexander Leemans Arnaud Boré Basile Pinsard Christophe Bedetti Matthieu Desrosiers Simona Brambati Julien Doyon Alessia Sarica Roberta Vasta Antonio Cerasa Aldo Quattrone Jason Yeatman Ali R Khan Wes Hodges Simon Alexander David Romascano Muhamed Barakovic Anna Auría Oscar Esteban Alia Lemkaddem Jean-Philippe Thiran H Ertan Cetingul Benjamin L Odry Boris Mailhe Mariappan S Nadar Fabrizio Pizzagalli Gautam Prasad Julio E Villalon-Reina Justin Galvis Paul M Thompson Francisco De Santiago Requejo Pedro Luque Laguna Luis Miguel Lacerda Rachel Barrett Flavio Dell'Acqua Marco Catani Laurent Petit Emmanuel Caruyer Alessandro Daducci Tim B Dyrby Tim Holland-Letz Claus C Hilgetag Bram Stieltjes Maxime Descoteaux Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg 69120 Germany. k.maier-hein@dkfz.de. Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg 69120 Germany. Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL) Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1K 0A5 QC Canada. Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University Bloomington IN 47408 USA. Krembil Research Institute University Health Network Toronto Canada M5G 2C4. Department of Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA. IMT-Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca 55100 Italy. Department of Diagnostic Imaging St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA. University of Toronto Institute of Medical Science Toronto Canada M5S 1A8. Institute of Information Processing and Automation Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China. United Imaging Healthcare Co Shanghai 201807 China. Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Shanghai 201210 China. Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02215 USA. Center for Research in Mathematics Guanajuato 36023 Mexico. PROVIDI Lab Image Sciences Institute University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3508 The Netherlands. Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology Cardiff University Maindy Road Cardiff CF24 4HQ UK. Department of Radiology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3508 The Netherlands. Centre de recherche institut universitaire de geriatrie de Montreal (CRIUGM) Université de Montréal Montreal QC Canada H3W 1W5. Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS INSERM Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB) 75013 Paris France. Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal Montreal Canada H4J 1C5. Neuroimaging Unit Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology (IBFM) Nat

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Quantum spacetime on a quantum simulator

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Li, Keren Li, Youning Han, Muxin Lu, Sirui Zhou, Jie Ruan, Dong Long, Guilu Wan, Yidun Lu, Dawei Zeng, Bei Laflamme, Raymond State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics Florida Atlantic University 777 Glades Road Boca RatonFL33431 United States Institut für Quantengravitation Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Staudtstr. 7/B2 Erlangen91058 Germany Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing210093 China Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Guelph GuelphONN1G 2W1 Canada Canadian Institute for Advanced Research TorontoONM5G 1Z8 Canada

We experimentally simulate the spin networks—a fundamental description of quantum spacetime at the Planck level. We achieve this by simulating quantum tetrahedra and their interactions. The tensor product of these quantum tetrahedra comprises spin networks. In this initial attempt to study quantum spacetime by quantum information processing, on a four-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum simulator, we simulate the basic module—comprising five quantum tetrahedra—of the interactions of quantum spacetime. By measuring the geometric properties on the corresponding quantum tetrahedra and simulate their interactions, our experiment serves as the basic module that represents the Feynman diagram vertex in the spin-network formulation of quantum spacetime. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geometry

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Write-Avoiding Algorithms

Write-Avoiding Algorithms

引用

International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： Erin Carson James Demmel Laura Grigori Nicholas Knight Penporn Koanantakool Oded Schwartz Harsha Vardhan Simhadri Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science Div. Univ. of California Berkeley INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt Alpines and Courant Institute of UPMC - Univ Paris 6 Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions France Computer Science Div. Univ. of California Berkeley School of Engineering and Computer Science Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem Israel Computational Research Div. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.

ISBN: (纸本)9781509021413

Communication, i.e., moving data between levels of a memory hierarchy or between processors over a network, is much more expensive (in time or energy) than arithmetic. There has thus been a recent focus on designing algorithms that minimize communication and, when possible, attain lower bounds on the total number of reads and writes. However, most previous work does not distinguish between the costs of reads and writes. Writes can be much more expensive than reads in some current and emerging storage devices such as nonvolatile memories. This motivates us to ask whether there are lower bounds on the number of writes that certain algorithms must perform, and whether these bounds are asymptotically smaller than bounds on the sum of reads and writes together. When these smaller lower bounds exist, we then ask when they are attainable, we call such algorithms "write-avoiding" (WA), to distinguish them from "communication-avoiding" (CA) algorithms, which only minimize the sum of reads and writes. We identify a number of cases in linear algebra and direct N-body methods where known CA algorithms are also WA (some are and some aren't). We also identify classes of algorithms, including Strassen's matrix multiplication, Cooley-Tukey FFT, and cache oblivious algorithms for classical linear algebra, where a WA algorithm cannot exist: the number of writes is unavoidably within a constant factor of the total number of reads and writes. We explore the interaction of WA algorithms with cache replacement policies and argue that the Least Recently Used policy works well with the WA algorithms in this paper. We provide empirical hardware counter measurements from Intel's Nehalem-EX microarchitecture to validate our theory. In the parallel case, for classical linear algebra, we show that it is impossible to attain lower bounds both on interprocessor communication and on writes to local memory, but either one is attainable by itself. Finally, we discuss WA algorithms for sparse iterati

关键词： Nonvolatile memory Schedules Linear algebra Algorithm design and analysis Load modeling Hardware Program processors

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Dimensionless ratios: Characteristics of quantum liquids and their phase transitions

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Physical Review B 2016年第19期94卷 195129-195129页

作者： Yi-Cong Yu Yang-Yang Chen Hai-Qing Lin Rudolf A. Römer Xi-Wen Guan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100094 China Department of Physics and Centre for Scientific Computing University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom Center for Cold Atom Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China Department of Theoretical Physics Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

Dimensionless ratios of physical properties can characterize low-temperature phases in a wide variety of materials. As such, the Wilson ratio (WR), the Kadowaki-Woods ratio, and the Wiedemann-Franz law capture essential features of Fermi liquids in metals, heavy fermions, etc. Here we prove that the phases of many-body interacting multicomponent quantum liquids in one dimension (1D) can be described by WRs based on the compressibility, susceptibility, and specific heat associated with each component. These WRs arise due to additivity rules within subsystems reminiscent of the rules for multiresistor networks in series and parallel—a novel and useful characteristic of multicomponent Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids (TLL) independent of microscopic details of the systems. Using experimentally realized multispecies cold atomic gases as examples, we prove that the Wilson ratios uniquely identify phases of TLL, while providing universal scaling relations at the boundaries between phases. Their values within a phase are solely determined by the stiffnesses and sound velocities of subsystems and identify the internal degrees of freedom of said phase such as its spin degeneracy. This finding can be directly applied to a wide range of 1D many-body systems and reveals deep physical insights into recent experimental measurements of the universal thermodynamics in ultracold atoms and spins.

关键词： Fermi gases Specific heat Fermi liquid theory

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