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arXiv 2018年

作者： Escalante, Hugo Jair Kaya, Heysem Salah, Albert Ali Escalera, Sergio Güçlütürk, Yağmur Güçlü, Umut Baró, Xavier Guyon, Isabelle Jacques, Julio Madadi, Meysam Ayache, Stephane Viegas, Evelyne Gürpınar, Furkan Wicaksana, Achmadnoer Sukma Liem, Cynthia C.S. van Gerven, Marcel A.J. van Lier, Rob INAOE Mexico ChaLearn United States Namık Kemal University Department of Computer Engineering Turkey Bogaziçi University Dept. of Computer Engineering Turkey and Nagoya University FCVRC Japan Bogaziçi University Computational Science and Engineering Turkey University of Barcelona and Computer Vision Center Spain Computer Vision Center Spain Radboud University Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Nijmegen Netherlands Universitat Oberta de Catalunya and Computer Vision Center Spain UPSud/INRIA Université Paris-Saclay France Aix Marseille Univ CNRS LIF Marseille France Microsoft Research United States Multimedia Computing Group Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

Explainability and interpretability are two critical aspects of decision support systems. Within computer vision, they are critical in certain tasks related to human behavior analysis such as in health care applications. Despite their importance, it is only recently that researchers are starting to explore these aspects. This paper provides an introduction to explainability and interpretability in the context of computer vision with an emphasis on looking at people tasks. Specifically, we review and study those mechanisms in the context of first impressions analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort in this direction. Additionally, we describe a challenge we organized on explainability in first impressions analysis from video. We analyze in detail the newly introduced data set, evaluation protocol, proposed solutions and summarize the results of the challenge. Finally, derived from our study, we outline research opportunities that we foresee will be decisive in the near future for the development of the explainable computer vision field. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision support systems

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Emergence of kinematic space from quantum modular geometric tensor

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Xing Ma, Chen-Te Institute of Modern Physics Northwest University Xi’an710069 China NSFC-SPTP Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Xi’an710127 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers Xi’an710069 China Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongsangbuk-do Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China The Laboratory for Quantum Gravity and Strings Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch7700 South Africa

We generalize the Quantum Geometric Tensor by replacing a Hamiltonian with a modular Hamiltonian. The symmetric part of the Quantum Geometric Tensor provides a Fubini-Study metric, and its anti-symmetric sector gives a Berry curvature. Now the generalization or Quantum Modular Geometric Tensor gives a Kinematic Space and a modular Berry curvature. Here we demonstrate the emergence by focusing on a spherical entangling surface. We also use the result of the identity Virasoro block to relate the connected correlator of two Wilson lines to the two-point function of a modular Hamiltonian. This result realizes a novel holographic entanglement formula for two intervals of a general separation. This formula does not only hold for a classical gravity sector but also Quantum Gravity. The formula also provides a new Quantum Information interpretation to the connected correlators of Wilson lines as the mutual information. Our study provides an opportunity to explore Quantum Kinematic Space through Quantum Modular Geometric Tensor and hence go beyond symmetry. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensors

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Decoding chromatin states by proteomic profiling of nucleosome readers (vol 627, pg 671, 2024)

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NATURE 2024年第8009期628卷 E6-E6页

作者： Lukauskas, Saulius Tvardovskiy, Andrey Nguyen, Nhuong V. Stadler, Mara Faull, Peter Ravnsborg, Tina Aygenli, Bihter Ozdemir Dornauer, Scarlett Flynn, Helen Lindeboom, Rik G. H. Barth, Teresa K. Brockers, Kevin Hauck, Stefanie M. Vermeulen, Michiel Snijders, Ambrosius P. Muller, Christian L. DiMaggio, Peter A. Jensen, Ole N. Schneider, Robert Bartke, Till Institute of Functional Epigenetics Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS) London UK Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London London UK Institute of Computational Biology Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany Department of Statistics Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Munich Germany Faculty of Biology Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Martinsried Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg Germany Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS) Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London London UK Proteomic Sciences Technology Platform The Francis Crick Institute London UK Center for Computational Mathematics Flatiron Institute New York NY USA VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark Department of Molecular Biology Faculty of Science Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Oncode Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany

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Exact Spectral Function of One-Dimensional Bose Gases

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cheng, Song Chen, Yang-Yang Guan, Xi-Wen Yang, Wen-Li Mondaini, Rubem Lin, Hai-Qing Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing100193 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers Xi’an710069 China Institute of Modern Physics Northwest University Xi’an710069 China State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan430071 China Department of Theoretical Physics Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University CanberraACT0200 Australia Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Xi’an710069 China Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China

Strong correlation in one-dimensional (1D) quantum systems drastically changes their dynamic and transport properties in the presence of the interaction. In this letter, combining quantum integrable theory with numerics, we exactly compute the spectral function of 1D Lieb-Liniger gas at a many-body level of large scales. It turns out that a full capture of the power-law singularities in the vicinities of thresholds requires system size as large as thousands of particles. Our research essentially confirms the validity of the nonlinear Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and provides a reliable technique for studying critical behaviour emerged only in thermodynamic limit. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum chemistry

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Critical pore radius and transport properties of disordered hard- And overlapping-sphere models

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Klatt, Michael A. Ziff, Robert M. Torquato, Salvatore Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Institut für Theoretische Physik FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg Staudtstr. 7 Erlangen91058 Germany Center for the Study of Complex Systems Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Chemistry Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Transport properties of porous media are intimately linked to their pore-space microstructures. We quantify geometrical and topological descriptors of the pore space of certain disordered and ordered distributions of spheres, including pore-size functions and the critical pore radius δc. We focus on models of porous media derived from maximally random jammed sphere packings, overlapping spheres, equilibrium hard spheres, "quantizer" sphere packings, and crystalline sphere packings. For precise estimates of the percolation thresholds, we use a strict relation of the void percolation around sphere configurations to weighted bond percolation on the corresponding Voronoi networks. We use the Newman-Ziff algorithm to determine the percolation threshold using universal properties of the cluster size distribution. The critical pore radius δc is often used as the key characteristic length scale that determines the fluid permeability k. A recent study [Torquato. Adv. Wat. Resour. 140,103565 (2020)] suggested for porous media with a well-connected pore space an alternative estimate of k based on the second moment of the pore size hδ2i, which is easier to determine than δc. Here, we compare δc to the second moment of the pore size hδ2i, and indeed confirm that, for all porosities and all models considered, δc2 is to a good approximation proportional to hδ2i. However, unlike hδ2i, the permeability estimate based on δc2 does not predict the correct ranking of k for our models. Thus, we confirm hδ2i to be a promising candidate for convenient and reliable estimates of the fluid permeability for porous media with a well-connected pore space. Moreover, we compare the fluid permeability of our models with varying degrees of order, as measured by the τ order metric. We find that (effectively) hyperuniform models tend to have lower values of k than their nonhyperuniform counterparts. Our findings could facilitate the design of porous media with desirable transport properties via target

关键词： Porous materials

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Preface

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Lecture Notes in Electrical engineering 2023年 1066 LNEE卷 v-vii页

作者： Sharma, Sanjay Subudhi, Bidyadhar Sahu, Umesh Kumar Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering Computing and Mathematics University of Plymouth Plymouth United Kingdom School of Electrical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Goa Ponda Goa India Department of Mechatronics Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Karnataka Manipal India

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Reaction rate sensitivity of the production of γ-ray emitting isotopes in core-collapse supernova

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Hermansen, Kirby Couch, Sean M. Roberts, Luke F. Schatz, Hendrik Warren, MacKenzie L. National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Joint Institute for Nuclear AstrophysicsCenter for the Evolution of the Elements Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Department of Physics North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States

Radioactive isotopes produced in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) provide useful insights into the underlying processes driving the collapse mechanism and the origins of elemental abundances. Their study generates a confluence of major physics research, including experimental measurements of nuclear reaction rates, astrophysical modeling, and γ-ray observations. Here we identify the key nuclear reaction rates to the nucleosynthesis of observable radioactive isotopes in explosive silicon-burning during CCSNe. Using the nuclear reaction network calculator SkyNet and current REACLIB reaction rates, we evolve temperature-density-time profiles of the innermost 0.45 M ejecta from the core collapse and explosion of a 12 M star. Individually varying 3403 reaction rates by factors of 100, we identify 141 reactions which cause significant differences in the isotopes of interest, namely, 43K, 47Ca, 44,47Sc, 44Ti, 48,51Cr, 48,49V, 52,53Mn, 55,59Fe, 56,57Co, and 56,57,59Ni. For each of these reactions, we present a novel method to extract the temperature range pertinent to the nucleosynthesis of the relevant isotope;the resulting temperatures lie within the range T = 0.47 to 6.15 GK. Limiting the variations to within 1σ of STARLIB reaction rate uncertainties further reduces the identified reactions to 48 key rates, which can be used to guide future experimental research. Complete results are presented in tabular form. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma rays

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A Brief Review of Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sadeghi, Zahra Alizadehsani, Roohallah Cifci, Mehmet Akif Kausar, Samina Rehman, Rizwan Mahanta, Priyakshi Bora, Pranjal Kumar Almasri, Ammar Alkhawaldeh, Rami S. Hussain, Sadiq Alatas, Bilal Shoeibi, Afshin Moosaei, Hossein Hladík, Milan Nahavandi, Saeid Pardalo, Panos M. Institute for Big Data Analytics Faculty of Computer Science Dalhousie University Canada Deakin University Geelong Australia The Institute of Computer Technology Tu Wien University Vienna1040 Austria University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir Azad Kashmir Kotli Pakistan Centre for Computer Science and Applications Dibrugarh University Assam India Department of Management Information Sys Al-Balqa Applied University Salt19117 Jordan Department of Computer Information Systems The University of Jordan Aqaba77110 Jordan Examination Branch Dibrugarh University Assam Dibrugarh India Department of Software Eng. Firat University Elazig23100 Turkey Data Science and Computational Intelligence Institute University of Granada Spain Department of Informatics Faculty of Science Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem Czech Republic Department of Applied Mathematics School of Computer Science Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic Harvard Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University AllstonMA02134 United States Swinburne University of Technology HawthornVIC3122 Australia Center for Applied Optimization Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Florida Gainesville32611 United States

XAI refers to the techniques and methods for building AI applications which assist end users to interpret output and predictions of AI models. Black box AI applications in high-stakes decision-making situations, such as medical domain have increased the demand for transparency and explainability since wrong predictions may have severe consequences. Model explainability and interpretability are vital successful deployment of AI models in healthcare practices. AI applications' underlying reasoning needs to be transparent to clinicians in order to gain their trust. This paper presents a systematic review of XAI aspects and challenges in the healthcare domain. The primary goals of this study are to review various XAI methods, their challenges, and related machine learning models in healthcare. The methods are discussed under six categories: Features-oriented methods, global methods, concept models, surrogate models, local pixel-based methods, and human-centric methods. Most importantly, the paper explores XAI role in healthcare problems to clarify its necessity in safety-critical applications. The paper intends to establish a comprehensive understanding of XAI-related applications in the healthcare field by reviewing the related experimental results. To facilitate future research for filling research gaps, the importance of XAI models from different viewpoints and their limitations are investigated. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Thermal generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Wang, Zidong Guo, Minghua Zhou, Heng-An Zhao, Le Xu, Teng Tomasello, Riccardo Bai, Hao Dong, Yiqing Je, Soong Geun Chao, Weilun Han, Hee-Sung Lee, Suseok Lee, Ki-Suk Yao, Yunyan Han, Wei Song, Cheng Wu, Huaqiang Carpentieri, Mario Finocchio, Giovanni Im, Mi-Young Lin, Shi-Zeng Jiang, Wanjun State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics FORTH Heraklion-CreteGR-70013 Greece Center for X-ray Optics Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics Chonnam National University Gwangju61186 Korea Republic of School of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Daegu711-873 Korea Republic of International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Polytechnic of Bari Bari70125 Italy Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina Messina98166 Italy Theoretical Division T-4 and CNLS Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States

Recent years have witnessed significant progresses in realizing skyrmions in chiral magnets1-4 and asymmetric magnetic multilayers5-13, as well as their electrical manipulation2,7,8,10. Equally important, thermal generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions can be exploited for prototypical new architecture with integrated computation14 and energy harvesting15. It has yet to verify if skyrmions can be purely generated by heating16,17, and if their resultant direction of motion driven by temperature gradients follows the diffusion or, oppositely, the magnonic spin torque17-21. Here, we address these important issues in microstructured devices made of multilayers - [Ta/CoFeB/MgO]15, [Pt/CoFeB/MgO/Ta]15 and [Pt/Co/Ta]15 integrated with on-chip heaters, by using a full-field soft X-ray microscopy. The thermal generation of densely packed skyrmions is attributed to the low energy barrier at the device edge, together with the thermally induced morphological transition from stripe domains to skyrmions. The unidirectional diffusion of skyrmions from the hot region towards the cold region is experimentally observed. It can be theoretically explained by the combined contribution from repulsive forces between skyrmions, and thermal spin-orbit torques in competing with magnonic spin torques17,18,20,21 and entropic forces22. These thermally generated skyrmions can be further electrically detected by measuring the accompanied anomalous Nernst voltages23. The on-chip thermoelectric generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions could open another exciting avenue for enabling skyrmionics, and promote interdisciplinary studies among spin caloritronics15, magnonics24 and skyrmionics3,4,12. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy harvesting

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Skel: Generative Software for Producing Skeletal I/O Applications

Skel: Generative Software for Producing Skeletal I/O Applica...

引用

IEEE International Conference on E-science Workshops

作者： Jeremy Logan Scott Klasky Jay Lofstead Hasan Abbasi Stephane Ethier Ray Grout Seung-Hoe Ku Qing Liu Xiaosong Ma Manish Parashar Norbert Podhorszki Karsten Schwan Matthew Wolf Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM USA Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton University Princeton NJ USA National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO USA Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New York NY USA National Institute for Computational Sciences University of Tennessee Oak Ridge TN USA Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA College of Computing Georgia Tech Atlanta GA USA

Massively parallel computations consist of a mixture of computation, communication, and I/O. Of these three components, implementing an effective parallel I/O solution has often been overlooked by application scientists and has typically been added to large scale simulations only when existing serial techniques have failed. As scientists' teams scaled their codes to run on hundreds of processors, it was common to call on an I/O expert to implement a set of more scalable I/O routines. These routines were easily separated from the calculations and communication, and in many cases, an I/O kernel was derived from the application which could be used for testing I/O performance independent of the application. These I/O kernels developed a life of their own used as a broad measure for comparing different I/O techniques. Unfortunately, as years passed and computation and communication changes required changes to the I/O, the separate I/O kernel used for benchmarking remained static, no longer providing an accurate indicator of the I/O performance of the simulation, and making I/O research less relevant for the application scientists. In this paper we describe a new approach to this problem where I/O kernels are replaced with skeletal I/O applications that are automatically generated from an abstract set of simulation I/O parameters. We realize this abstraction by leveraging the ADIOS [1] middleware's XML I/O specification with additional runtime parameters. Skeletal applications offer all of the benefits of I/O kernels including allowing I/O optimizations to focus on useful I/O patterns. Moreover, since they are automatically generated, it is easy to produce an updated I/O skeleton whenever the simulation's I/O changes. In this paper we analyze the performance of automatically generated I/O skeletal applications for the S3D and GTS codes. We show that these skeletal applications achieve performance comparable to that of the production applications. We wrap up the paper with

关键词： XML Kernel Arrays Benchmark testing Educational institutions Reactive power Hardware

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