检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

arXiv 2020年

作者： Cheng, Hao-Chung Winter, Andreas Yu, Nengkun Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering Department of Mathematics National Taiwan University Tapei106 Taiwan Center for Quantum Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Tapei106 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei10617 Taiwan Quantum Computing Center New Taipei City236 Taiwan ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Barcelona08010 Spain Física Teòrica: Informaciò i Fenòmens Quàntics Departament de Física Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona08193 Spain Computer Science Department Stony Brook University NY United States Centre for Quantum Software and Information Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney UltimoNSW2007 Australia

We study quantum hypothesis testing between orthogonal states under restricted local measurements in the many-copy scenario. For testing arbitrary multipartite entangled pure state against its orthogonal complement state via the local operation and classical communication (LOCC) operation, we prove that the optimal average error probability always decays exponentially in the number of copies. Second, we provide a sufficient condition for the LOCC operations to achieve the same performance as the positive-partial-transpose (PPT) operations. We further show that testing a maximally entangled state against its orthogonal complement and testing extremal Werner states both fulfill the above-mentioned condition. Hence, we determine the explicit expressions for the optimal average error probability, the optimal trade-off between the type-I and type-II errors, and the associated Chernoff, Stein, Hoeffding, and strong converse exponents. Then, we show an infinite asymptotic separation between the separable (SEP) and PPT operations by providing a pair of states constructed from an unextendible product basis (UPB). The quantum states can be distinguished perfectly by PPT operations, while the optimal error probability, with SEP operations, admits an exponential lower bound. On the technical side, we prove this result by providing a quantitative version of the well-known statement that the tensor product of UPBs is a UPB. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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Cograph editing: Merging modules is equivalent to editing P4s

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Fritz, Adrian Hellmuth, Marc Wieseke, Nicolas Stadler, Peter F. Computational Biology of Infection Research Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstraße 7 BraunschweigD-38124 Germany University of Greifswald Dpt. of Mathematics and Computer Science Walther- Rathenau-Strasse 47 GreifswaldD-17487 Germany Saarland University Center for Bioinformatics Building e 2.1 P.O. Box 151150 SaarbrückenD-66041 Germany Parallel Computing and Complex Systems Group Department of Computer Science University of Leipzig Augustusplatz 10 LeipzigD-04109 Germany Bioinformatics Group Department of Computer Science Interdisciplinary Center of Bioinformatics University of Leipzig Härtelstraße 16-18 LeipzigD-04107 Germany Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Inselstraße 22 LeipzigD-04103 Germany Inst. F. Theoretical Chemistry University of Vienna Währingerstraße 17 WienA-1090 Austria Santa Fe Institute 1399 Hyde Park Rd. Santa FeNM87501 United States

The modular decomposition of a graph G = (V;E) does not contain prime modules if and only if G is a cograph, that is, if no quadruple of vertices induces a simple connected path P4. The cograph editing problem consists in inserting into and deleting from G a set F of edges so that H = (V,EΔF) is a cograph and |F| is minimum. This NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem has recently found applications, e.g., in the context of phylogenetics. Efficient heuristics are hence of practical importance. The simple characterization of cographs in terms of their modular decomposition suggests that instead of editing G one could operate directly on the modular decomposition. We show here that editing the induced P4s is equivalent to resolving prime modules by means of a suitable defined merge operation on the submodules. Moreover, we characterize so-called module-preserving edit sets and demonstrate that optimal pairwise sequences of module-preserving edit sets exist for every non-cograph. This eventually leads to an exact algorithm for the cograph editing problem. In addition, we provide two heuristics with time complexity O(|V|3), resp., O(|V|2). Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph theory

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Multiscale PHATE Exploration of SARS-CoV-2 Data Reveals Multimodal Signatures of Disease

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Kuchroo, Manik Huang, Jessie Wong, Patrick Grenier, Jean-Christophe Shung, Dennis Tong, Alexander Lucas, Carolina Klein, Jon Burkhardt, Daniel B. Gigante, Scott Godavarthi, Abhinav Rieck, Bastian Israelow, Benjamin Simonov, Michael Mao, Tianyang Oh, Ji Eun Silva, Julio Takahashi, Takehiro Odio, Camila D. Casanovas-Massana, Arnau Fournier, John Farhadian, Shelli Dela Cruz, Charles S. Ko, Albert I. Hirn, Matthew J. Wilson, F. Perry Hussin, Julie Wolf, Guy Iwasaki, Akiko Krishnaswamy, Smita Department of Neuroscience Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Computer Science Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Immunobiology Yale University New HavenCT United States Montreal Heart Institute MontréalQC Canada Department of Medicine Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Genetics Yale University New HavenCT United States Computational Biology Bioinformatics Program Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Applied Mathematics Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH Zurich Switzerland Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases Yale School of Public Health New HavenCT United States Department of Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Department of Medicine Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI United States Department of Mathematics Michigan State University East LansingMI United States Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator Department of Medicine Yale University New HavenCT United States Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada Mila – Quebec AI institute MontréalQC Canada Department of Mathematics and Statistics Université de Montréal MontréalQC Canada Howard Hughes Medical Institute Chevy ChaseMD United States

The biomedical community is producing increasingly high dimensional datasets, integrated from hundreds of patient samples, which current computational techniques struggle to explore. To uncover biological meaning from these complex datasets, we present an approach called Multiscale PHATE, which learns abstracted biological features from data that can be directly predictive of disease. Built on a coarse graining process called diffusion condensation, Multiscale PHATE learns a data topology that can be analyzed at coarse levels for high level summarizations of data, as well as at fine levels for detailed representations on subsets. We apply Multiscale PHATE to study the immune response to COVID-19 in 54 million cells from 168 hospitalized patients. Through our analysis of patient samples, we identify CD16hiCD66blo neutrophil and IFNγ+GranzymeB+ Th17 cell responses enriched in patients who die. Furthermore, we show that population groupings Multiscale PHATE discovers can be directly fed into a classifier to predict disease outcome. We also use Multiscale PHATE-derived features to construct two different manifolds of patients, one from abstracted flow cytometry features and another directly on patient clinical features, both associating immune subsets and clinical markers with outcome. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Coronavirus

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Quantum Inspired Optimization for Industrial Scale Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Banner, William P. Hadiashar, Shima Bab Mazur, Grzegorz Menke, Tim Ziolkowski, Marcin Kennedy, Ken Romero, Jhonathan Cao, Yudong Grover, Jeffrey A. Oliver, William D. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Zapata Computing Inc. 100 Federal St 20th Floor BostonMA02110 United States Department of Computational Methods in Chemistry Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 Kraków30-387 Poland Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States BMW Group Information Technology Research Center 2 Research Dr. GreenvilleSC29607 United States

Model-based optimization, in concert with conventional black-box methods, can quickly solve large-scale combinatorial problems. Recently, quantum-inspired modeling schemes based on tensor networks have been developed which have the potential to better identify and represent correlations in datasets. Here, we use a quantum-inspired model-based optimization method TN-GEO to assess the efficacy of these quantum-inspired methods when applied to realistic problems. In this case, the problem of interest is the optimization of a realistic assembly line based on BMW's currently utilized manufacturing schedule. Through a comparison of optimization techniques, we found that quantum-inspired model-based optimization, when combined with conventional black-box methods, can find lower-cost solutions in certain contexts. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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The antesonic condition for the explosion of core-collapse supernovae I: Spherically symmetric polytropic models: Stability & wind emergence

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Raives, Matthias J. Couch, Sean M. Greco, Johnny P. Pejcha, Ondřej Thompson, Todd A. Department of Astronomy Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMi48824 United States Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMi48824 United States National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory Michigan State University East LansingMi48824 United States Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics Michigan State University East LansingMi48824 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States Institute of Theoretical Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States

Shock revival in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) may be due to the neutrino mechanism. While it is known that in a neutrino-powered CCSN, explosion begins when the neutrino luminosity of the proto-neutron star exceeds a critical value, the physics of this condition in time-dependent, multidimensional simulations are not fully understood. Pejcha & Thompson (2012) found that an ‘antesonic condition’ exists for time-steady spherically symmetric models, potentially giving a physical explanation for the critical curve observed in simulations. In this paper, we extend that analysis to time-dependent, spherically symmetric polytropic models. We verify the critical antesonic condition in our simulations, showing that models exceeding it drive transonic winds whereas models below it exhibit steady accretion. In addition, we find that (1) high spatial resolution is needed for accurate determination of the antesonic ratio and shock radius at the critical curve, and that low resolution simulations systematically underpredict these quantities, making explosion more difficult at lower resolution;(2) there is an important physical connection between the critical mass accretion rate at explosion and the mass loss rate of the post-explosion wind: the two are directly proportional at criticality, implying that, at criticality, the wind kinetic power is tied directly to the accretion power;(3) the value of the post-shock adiabatic index Γ has a large effect on the length and time scales of the post-bounce evolution of the explosion larger values of Γ result in a longer transition from the accretion to wind phases. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Explosions

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Efficient parallel linear scaling method to get the response density matrix in all-electron real-space density-functional perturbation theory

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Shang, Honghui Liang, Wanzhen Zhang, Yunquan Yang, Jinlong State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fujian Provincial KeyLaboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University XiamenFujian361005 China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Department of Chemical Physics Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui230026 China

The real-space density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT) for the computations of the response properties with respect to the atomic displacement and homogeneous electric field perturbation has been recently developed and implemented into the all-electron, numeric atom-centered orbitals electronic structure package FHI-aims. It is found that the bottleneck for large scale applications is the computation of the response density matrix, which scales as O(N3). Here for the response properties with respect to the homogeneous electric field, we present an efficient parallel linear scaling algorithm for the response density matrix calculation. Our scheme is based on the second-order trace-correcting purification and the parallel sparse matrix-matrix multiplication algorithms. The new scheme reduces the formal scaling from O(N3) to O(N), and shows good parallel scalability over tens of thousands of cores. As demonstrated by extensive validation, we achieve a rapid computation of accurate polarizabilities using DFPT. Finally, the computational efficiency of this scheme has been illustrated by making the scaling tests and scalability tests on massively parallel computer systems. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Matrix algebra

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Placental Vessel Segmentation and Registration in Fetoscopy: Literature Review and MICCAI FetReg2021 Challenge Findings

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Bano, Sophia Casella, Alessandro Vasconcelos, Francisco Qayyum, Abdul Benzinou, Abdesslam Mazher, Moona Meriaudeau, Fabrice Lena, Chiara Cintorrino, Ilaria Anita De Paolis, Gaia Romana Biagioli, Jessica Grechishnikova, Daria Jiao, Jing Bai, Bizhe Qiao, Yanyan Bhattarai, Binod Gaire, Rebati Raman Subedi, Ronast Vazquez, Eduard Plotka, Szymon Lisowska, Aneta Sitek, Arkadiusz Attilakos, George Wimalasundera, Ruwan David, Anna L. Paladini, Dario Deprest, Jan De Momi, Elena Mattos, Leonardo S. Moccia, Sara Stoyanov, Danail Department of Computer Science University College London United Kingdom Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Italy The BioRobotics Institute Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Italy Fetal Medicine Unit Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing University College London Hospital United Kingdom EGA Institute for Women's Health Faculty of Population Health Sciences University College London United Kingdom Department of Development and Regeneration University Hospital Leuven Belgium Department of Fetal and Perinatal Medicine Istituto Giannina Gaslini Italy ENIB UMR CNRS 6285 LabSTICC 29238 France Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics University Rovira i Virgili Spain ImViA Laboratory University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté France Physics Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia Fudan University China Medical Computer Vision and Robotics Group Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences University of Toronto Canada Co. Ltd China NepAL Applied Mathematics and Informatics Institute for Research Nepal Redev Technology United Kingdom Sano Center for Computational Medicine Poland Quantitative Healthcare Analysis Group Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Center for Advanced Medical Computing and Simulation Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States

Fetoscopy laser photocoagulation is a widely adopted procedure for treating Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS). The procedure involves photocoagulation pathological anastomoses to restore a physiological blood exchange among twins. The procedure is particularly challenging, from the surgeon's side, due to the limited field of view, poor manoeuvrability of the fetoscope, poor visibility due to amniotic fluid turbidity, and variability in illumination. These challenges may lead to increased surgery time and incomplete ablation of pathological anastomoses, resulting in persistent TTTS. Computer-assisted intervention (CAI) can provide TTTS surgeons with decision support and context awareness by identifying key structures in the scene and expanding the fetoscopic field of view through video mosaicking. Research in this domain has been hampered by the lack of high-quality data to design, develop and test CAI algorithms. Through the Fetoscopic Placental Vessel Segmentation and Registration (FetReg2021) challenge, which was organized as part of the MICCAI2021 Endoscopic Vision (EndoVis) challenge, we released the first large-scale multi-center TTTS dataset for the development of generalized and robust semantic segmentation and video mosaicking algorithms with a focus on creating drift-free mosaics from long duration fetoscopy videos. For this challenge, we released a dataset of 2060 images, pixel-annotated for vessels, tool, fetus and background classes, from 18 in-vivo TTTS fetoscopy procedures and 18 short video clips of an average length of 411 frames for developing placental scene segmentation and frame registration for mosaicking techniques. Seven teams participated in this challenge and their model performance was assessed on an unseen test dataset of 658 pixel-annotated images from 6 fetoscopic procedures and 6 short clips. The challenge provided an opportunity for creating generalized solutions for fetoscopic scene understanding and mosaicking. In this paper,

关键词： Pixels

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Electron Mobilities in SrTiO3 and KTaO3: Role of Phonon Anharmonicity, Mass Renormalization and Disorder

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Ranalli, Luigi Verdi, Carla Zacharias, Marios Even, Jacky Giustino, Feliciano Franchini, Cesare Faculty of Physics Center for Computational Materials Science University of Vienna Kolingasse 14-16 Vienna1090 Austria Vienna Doctoral School in Physics University of Vienna Boltzmanngasse 5 Vienna1090 Austria School of Mathematics and Phisycs University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia Univ Rennes INSA Rennes CNRS Institut FOTON - UMR 6082 RennesF-35000 France Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Physics The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy"Augusto Righi" Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Bologna40127 Italy

Accurately predicting carrier mobility in strongly anharmonic solids necessitates a precise characterization of lattice dynamics as a function of temperature. We achieve consistency with experimental electron mobility data for bulk KTaO3 and SrTiO3 above 150 K by refining the Boltzmann transport equations. This refinement includes incorporating temperature-dependent anharmonic phonon eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes into the electron-phonon interaction tensor, while maintaining the derivatives of the Kohn-Sham potential as computed in density functional perturbation theory. Using efficient machine-learned force fields and the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation, we accurately compute the dynamical matrices. At room temperature, the calculated mobility for SrTiO3 exceeds experimental values by an order of magnitude, whereas the overestimation for KTaO3 is way less pronounced. This discrepancy is explained through the more significant electron mass renormalization near the conduction band bottom due to anharmonic electron-phonon coupling and the presence of local disorder in SrTiO3. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Density functional theory

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Widely Tunable Berry Curvature in the Magnetic Semimetal Cr1+δTe2

引用

Advanced Materials 2023年第12期35卷

作者： Fujisawa, Yuita Pardo-Almanza, Markel Hsu, Chia-Hsiu Mohamed, Atwa Yamagami, Kohei Krishnadas, Anjana Chang, Guoqing Chuang, Feng-Chuan Khoo, Khoong Hong Zang, Jiadong Soumyanarayanan, Anjan Okada, Yoshinori Okinawa904-0495 Japan Department of Physics National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei10617 Taiwan Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Center for Theoretical and Computational Physics National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore138632 Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy University of New Hampshire DurhamNH 03824 United States Materials Science Program University of New Hampshire DurhamNH 03824 United States Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117551 Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore138634 Singapore

Magnetic semimetals have increasingly emerged as lucrative platforms hosting spin-based topological phenomena in real and momentum spaces. Cr1+δTe2 is a self-intercalated magnetic transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), which exhibits topological magnetism and tunable electron filling. While recent studies have explored real-space Berry curvature effects, similar considerations of momentum-space Berry curvature are lacking. Here, the electronic structure and transport properties of epitaxial Cr1+δTe2 thin films are systematically investigated over a range of doping, δ (0.33 – 0.71). Spectroscopic experiments reveal the presence of a characteristic semi-metallic band region, which shows a rigid like energy shift with δ. Transport experiments show that the intrinsic component of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is sizable and undergoes a sign flip across δ. Finally, density functional theory calculations establish a link between the doping evolution of the band structure and AHE: the AHE sign flip is shown to emerge from the sign change of the Berry curvature, as the semi-metallic band region crosses the Fermi energy. These findings underscore the increasing relevance of momentum-space Berry curvature in magnetic TMDs and provide a unique platform for intertwining topological physics in real and momentum spaces. © 2023 The Authors. Advanced Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Density functional theory

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On a ‘Two Truths’ Phenomenon in Spectral Graph Clustering

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Priebe, Carey E. Park, Youngser Vogelstein, Joshua T. Conroy, John M. Lyzinski, Vince Tang, Minh Athreya, Avanti Cape, Joshua Bridgeford, Eric Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Center for Imaging Science Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Institute for Defense Analyses Center for Computing Sciences BowieMD20715 United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States Department of Biostatistics Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States

Clustering is concerned with coherently grouping observations without any explicit concept of true groupings. Spectral graph clustering – clustering the vertices of a graph based on their spectral embedding – is commonly approached via K-means (or, more generally, Gaussian mixture model) clustering composed with either Laplacian or Adjacency spectral embedding (LSE or ASE). Recent theoretical results provide new understanding of the problem and solutions, and lead us to a ‘Two Truths’ LSE vs. ASE spectral graph clustering phenomenon convincingly illustrated here via a diffusion MRI connectome data set: the different embedding methods yield different clustering results, with LSE capturing left hemisphere/right hemisphere affinity structure and ASE capturing gray matter/white matter core-periphery structure. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

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