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Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)

作者： Ali Hayek Josef Börcsök Chair for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

In this paper nl approach of an on-chip safety system architecture conforming to the second edition of the standard IEC 61508 is presented. The presented chip considers on-chip redundancy with the presence of diagnostic units and is designed to meet the highest possible safety integrity level for on-chip systems. The presented on-chip safety system consists of two redundant processor channels, each of which has a processor unit, data memory, program memory, communication interfaces, inputs and outputs. Furthermore, on-chip diagnosis- and monitoring units and a communication core are integrated. The safety-related implementation of the proposed architecture is introduced in this paper. This includes hardware and software implementation methodologies. Finally, a brief evaluation of the presented architecture is presented.

关键词： Safety system-on-chip computer architecture IEC standards Hardware Software

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How safe is my system? Calculation of PFD-values for a safety related system

How safe is my system? Calculation of PFD-values for a safet...

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2nd International Conference on systems, ICONS 2007

作者： Börcsök, J. Holub, P. Schwarz, M.H. HIMA Paul Hildebrandt GmbH + Co. KG Albert-Bassermann-Str. 28 68782 Brühl Germany Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel 34121 Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769528074

The standard IEC/EN61508 provides the developer with guidelines to develop and implement safety related systems according to the international standard. The standard supplies qualitative and quantitative criteria to evaluated safety related systems, in order to apply it in safety critical applications. This paper details the criterion Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD). This paper derives the necessary equations and calculates the PFD-values for different system architectures. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Failure analysis

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Development of safety related systems

Development of safety related systems

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International Forum on Strategic Technology, IFOST

作者： Josef Burcsuk Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424435890

The international standard IEC/61508 provides the developer with guidelines for the design and implementation of safety related systems according to this standard. This standard states qualitative and quantitative criteria in order to judge a safety related system in such a way that safety critical applications can be implemented. This paper details a quantitative criterion which is the probability of failure on low demand, known as PFD. After an introduction into this topic, the principle steps to calculate the probability of failure with the help of reliability block diagrams for different hardware architecture will be detailed and presented. The PFD-equations will be derived for a 1oo1 architecture with the help of MacLaurin series.

关键词： IEC standards Software safety Phase frequency detector Standards development Hardware Guidelines Probability Software standards Maintenance Electrical safety

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Comparative Study for Classification Methods to Predict and Detect Epilepsy Seizure 5

Comparative Study for Classification Methods to Predict and ...

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5th IEEE Middle East and Africa Conference on Biomedical Engineering, MECBME 2020

作者： El Halabi, Nashaat Abi Zeid Daou, Roy Achkar, Roger Hayek, Ali Boercsoek, Josef American University of Science and Technology Department of Computer and Communications Engineering Faculty of Engineering Beirut Lebanon Faculty of Public Health Biomedical Technologies Department Jounieh Lebanon American University of Science and Technology Department of Computer and Communications Engineering Faculty of Engineering Beirut Lebanon Computer Science University of Kassel Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Faculty of Electrical Engineering Germany Computer Science University of Kassel Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Faculty of Electrical Engineering Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728123585

Epilepsy is a medical problem that tackles lots of patients. It limits the life activity of such patients due to the seizures that occur anytime and anywhere. Thus, creating a monitoring system that could make their life easier and allow them to perform daily life activities as safe as possible has been studied. This paper is a continuity for a project where a system monitors epileptic patients using a set of wearable sensors connected to several processing units, the main sensors are Electroencephalogram (EEG) for the electrical activity of the brain, electrocardiogram (ECG) for the electrical activity of the heart, and accelerometers to monitor the posture of the patient, features extracted from EEG and ECG signals are used for prediction/detection of seizures. Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a comparative study in order to choose the appropriate classification method for seizure prediction and detection. Five classification methods were studied: Decision Trees, Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Ensemble Learning. For each of the classification methods, the accuracy, the specificity, the sensitivity, the precision, the false detection rate and the Fmeasure were studied and compared. The results for seizure prediction system show that the highest accuracy, specificity and F-Measure, and lowest false detection rate were achieved with Bagged Trees Ensemble Learning, the highest sensitivity and precision were achieved with Quadratic Support Vector Machine. However, for seizure detection system, the highest accuracy and F-Measure were achieved with Linear Support Vector, the highest sensitivity and specificity were achieved with Fine Gaussian Support Vector Machine, and the highest precision and lowest false detection rate were achieved with Subspace Discriminant Ensemble Learning. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Concepts of safety networks in industries - Part II

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WSEAS Transactions on Communications 2006年第8期5卷 1414-1419页

作者： Börcsök, Josef Ugljesa, E. Holub, P. Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Wilhelmshöher Allee 73 34121 Kassel Germany

This paper is the second part of concepts of safety networks in industries. In the first part the requirements and specifications were detailed to be considered and fulfilled to design safety bus systems. The second part introduces data integrity in more detail and compares mathematically different architectures of safety-bus-systems.

关键词： Accident prevention

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Wireless communication modeling for safety related systems

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International Journal of Circuits, systems and Signal Processing 2014年 8卷 330-336页

作者： Pendli, P.K. Schwarz, M. Wacker, H.D. Boercsoek, J. Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Wilhelmshoeher Allee 71 Kassel34121 Germany

This paper deals with the modeling of wireless communication for safety related systems. To achieve safe wireless communication for safety related systems, the wireless channel is modeled by taking into account both bit errors and erasures (loss of information) that occur during wireless transmission of the information. To reduce the bit errors and to detect the erasures, a coding method for transmitting the code word is suggested in this paper. With this coding method, parameters such as bit error, probability of undetected error are reduced and the bit erasures that occur due to fast fading and channel losses are detected confidently. The safety methods as defined according to the European standard EN 50159-2 are taken into consideration and their implementation to achieve safe wireless communication for safety related systems is explained in this paper. The mathematical derivations to calculate the probability of failures per hour (PFH) values for wireless communication with the suggested coding method are derived. With the derived PFH equation, safety integrity level (SIL) achieved for a particular wireless technology can be determined. Finally, the SIL levels achieved for Bluetooth technology are shown. © 2014 North Atlantic university Union. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bit error rate

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Concepts of safety networks in industries

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WSEAS Transactions on Communications 2006年第8期5卷 1407-1413页

作者： Börcsök, Josef Schwarz, Michael H. Holub, P. Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Wilhelmshöher Allee 73 34121 Kassel Germany

This paper details the needs, demands and specifications to be incorporated and satisfied to design safety bus systems for modern industries. Distributed control systems in industries are connected via bus systems, and need efficient and uninterrupted communication between all bus stations. Therefore, it is compulsory that these communications are fault tolerant and safe. For safety related systems, further safety layers are mandatory to perform these requirements. In a safety related application it is important that the safe protocol alone is not able to achieve this task without a safety source node at one end and a safe destination node at the other. Only the combination between safety related protocol and safety related hardware nodes can accomplish the requirements for safety related networks systems.

关键词： Accident prevention

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Design of a low cost equipment that may limit Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 4

Design of a low cost equipment that may limit Sudden Infant ...

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4th International Conference on Advances in Biomedical Engineering, ICABME 2017

作者： Daou, Roy Abi Zeid Maalouf, Frederic Geagea, Christian Hayek, Ali Boercsoek, Josef Lebanese German University Faculty of Public Health Biomedical Technologies Department Sahel-Alma Lebanon MART Learning Education and Research Center Chananiir Lebanon Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538616420

This paper deals with the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) problem. The main objective is to limit it by controlling the main reasons that may lead to it. Sudden infant death syndrome is the death without specific reason of a healthy newborn, usually during sleep. Although the causes are unknown, SIDS may be related to abnormalities in the infant's brain that controls breathing and arousal from sleep. Researchers have identified several measures that increase the risk on their babies. Thus, this paper proposes a low cost system that may help in monitoring the baby vital signs responsible for the SIDS and sending notifications to parents when abnormalities are encountered. The system is based on a microcontroller that regroups all sensors' outputs and a mobile application that displays these values, controls the video coming from a camera and send notifications in case of abnormal signals. The system was tested over 10 newborns (between 1 month and 2 years) over 3 weeks and the alarms were going well. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Alarm systems

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Software development for safety-related systems

Software development for safety-related systems

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ICONS International Conference on systems

作者： Josef Borcsok Sebastian Schaefer Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Germany

Safety-related systems mostly comprise hardware and software solutions. Due to the increasing application of complex hardware and software systems, the software systems have to be considered regarding safety as well as hardware systems. The development of a safety-related software system is similar to the development of a safety-related hardware systems. But there are still no generally accepted methods for developing safety-critical software. One has to use the methods, which fit best to the actual requirements. However, the calculation of reliability and availability for safety-related software systems is far more complex.

关键词： programming Software safety Software systems Hardware Software testing Software design Application software Object oriented modeling computer architecture Documentation

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New scientific contributions to the prediction of the reliability of critical systems which based on imperfect debugging method and the increase of quality of service

New scientific contributions to the prediction of the reliab...

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International Symposium on Telecommunications (BIHTEL)

作者： Ossmane Krini Josef Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany Universitat Kassel Kassel Hessen DE

This paper presents a new method by which it is possible to realistically predict the software reliability of critical systems. The main feature of this method is that it allows estimating the number of remaining critical faults in the software. The algorithm employs well-known methods such as Imperfect Debugging and it provides a more reliable prognosis than the methods conventionally used for this purpose. Furthermore, the new approach describes two processes of handling critical failures (one for detection and one for correction). The new algorithm also takes into account the socalled repair time, a measurement that is vitally important for a reliable prognosis. For use in the prediction model, it is mathematically described as a time function. As every programmer knows, it can be difficult to have even the simplest program run without faults. So-called software reliability models (SRM's), based on stochastic and aiming to predict the reliability of both software and hardware, have been used since the 70's. SRM's rely on certain model assumptions some of which cannot be deemed realistic anymore. Hence, for today's reliability engineering, these models are insufficient. At this point in time, though, there are hardly any methods that enable us to obtain predictions as to how the reliability of critical faults or the failure rate of critical systems behave over time. Currently, there is no mathematical model distinguishing between critical and non-critical faults, and only few models consider Imperfect Debugging (ID). The method presented here, however, is based on ID and it is able to distinguish between critical and non-critical software faults. Moreover, this new method employs a so-called Time-Delay and thus two new processes have to be designed. Mathematically, these processes describe the detection of faults and their correction, respectively. It is necessary to define appropriate distribution functions and to clearly state the requisite model assumptions.

关键词： Reliability IP networks Lead Debugging

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