Success of many modern applications is highly dependent on the correct functioning of complex computer based systems. In some cases, failures in these systems may cause serious consequences in terms of loss of human l...
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Success of many modern applications is highly dependent on the correct functioning of complex computer based systems. In some cases, failures in these systems may cause serious consequences in terms of loss of human life. systems in which failure could endanger human life are termed safety-critical. The SIS (safety instrumented system) should be designed to meet the required safety integrity level as defined in the safety requirement specification (safety requirement allocation). Moreover, the SIS design should be performed in a way that minimizes the potential for common mode or common cause failures (CCF). A CCF occurs when a single fault result in the corresponding failure of multiple components. Thus, CCFs can result in the SIS failing to function when there is a process demand. Consequently, CCFs have to be identified during the design process and the potential impact on the SIS functionality have to be understood. This paper gives details about the estimation and evaluation of common failures and assesses a loo2 system. It is a survey paper that presents the newest developments in common cause failure analysis.
The probability of failure rate and error rate are important indicators for the assessment of applications for high-speed communication systems. The paper presents causes of faults and theoretical and practical method...
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The standard IEC/EN61508 provides the developer with guidelines to develop and implement safety related systems according to the international standard. The standard supplies qualitative and quantitative criteria to e...
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The international standard IEC/61508 provides the developer with guidelines for the design and implementation of safety related systems according to this standard. This standard states qualitative and quantitative cri...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424435890
The international standard IEC/61508 provides the developer with guidelines for the design and implementation of safety related systems according to this standard. This standard states qualitative and quantitative criteria in order to judge a safety related system in such a way that safety critical applications can be implemented. This paper details a quantitative criterion which is the probability of failure on low demand, known as PFD. After an introduction into this topic, the principle steps to calculate the probability of failure with the help of reliability block diagrams for different hardware architecture will be detailed and presented. The PFD-equations will be derived for a 1oo1 architecture with the help of MacLaurin series.
Safety-related systems mostly comprise hardware and software solutions. Due to the increasing application of complex hardware and software systems, the software systems have to be considered regarding safety as well a...
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Safety-related systems mostly comprise hardware and software solutions. Due to the increasing application of complex hardware and software systems, the software systems have to be considered regarding safety as well as hardware systems. The development of a safety-related software system is similar to the development of a safety-related hardware systems. But there are still no generally accepted methods for developing safety-critical software. One has to use the methods, which fit best to the actual requirements. However, the calculation of reliability and availability for safety-related software systems is far more complex.
Success of many modern applications is highly dependent on the correct functioning of complex computer based systems. In some cases, failures in these systems may cause serious consequences in terms of loss of human l...
详细信息
The probability of failure rate and error rate are important indicators for the assessment of applications for highspeed communication systems. The paper presents causes of faults and theoretical and practical methods...
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The probability of failure rate and error rate are important indicators for the assessment of applications for highspeed communication systems. The paper presents causes of faults and theoretical and practical methods for calculating the error rate and the probability of failures.
We present novel concepts, technologies and potentials of optical data communication, especially for future computerarchitectures. The WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) and the optical wiring technologies are ex...
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We present novel concepts, technologies and potentials of optical data communication, especially for future computerarchitectures. The WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) and the optical wiring technologies are explained in detail. Experimental results of tunable optical filters, which play a major role in WDM systems, are reported. New concepts for novel optical interconnectors and novel miniaturized lasers for direct generation of green light are proposed as examples for possible next generation components to improve the performance of optical communication based computerarchitecture.
OPC which stands for Open Process Control is the world's fastest growing industrial standard that has emerged to provide a greater interoperability between various process control hardware devices from different m...
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OPC which stands for Open Process Control is the world's fastest growing industrial standard that has emerged to provide a greater interoperability between various process control hardware devices from different manufacturers and windows based automation applications. For this purpose OPC defines a set of interfaces, based on Microsoft's OLE/ COM and DCOM technology. OPC standard also provides benefits for both end users and vendors in the Process Control community. This paper disc usses an introduction to OPC, OPC specifications, OPC architectures, OPC strategies for redundancy and OPC benefits.
This paper is the second part of concepts of safety networks in industries. In the first part the requirements and specifications were detailed to be considered and fulfilled to design safety bus systems. The second p...
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This paper is the second part of concepts of safety networks in industries. In the first part the requirements and specifications were detailed to be considered and fulfilled to design safety bus systems. The second part introduces data integrity in more detail and compares mathematically different architectures of safety-bus-systems.
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