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1st IFAC Workshop on Advances in Control and Automation Theory for Transportation Applications, ACATTA 2013

作者： Schwarz, M.H. Sheng, H. Chaaban, W. Börcsök, J. Dept. Safety Computer Technology University of Kassel Kassel Germany Dept. Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823519

This paper presents an automated code generation and validation, verification approach to convert model based developments into IEC 61131-3 conform function blocks. IEC 61131-3 programming languages are supported by PLC manufacturers and software environment developers and provide the possibility that novel and intelligent algorithms can be directly operated on industrial accepted systems. Railway and transportation also receive drastic changes from purely hardware based systems to microcontroller + software driven systems. However, the conversion has to follow certain steps to ensure that the adaptation is done correctly and functionality is not alternated, added or deleted. Concepts suggested by different international standards such as the IEC 61508 can help to derive a tool chain to verify the generated code. © IFAC.

关键词： Manufacture

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A new Estimation Method for Automotive Multidimensional Metrics 31st

A new Estimation Method for Automotive Multidimensional Metr...

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31st European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2021

作者： Krini, Abderrahim Börcsök, Josef Engineering of Reliability and Quality Robert Bosch GmbH Germany Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789811820168

In general, failure data is obtained in the automotive industry during the warranty period. If these contain the expression of a service life characteristic for each failure, statements can be made about the reliability and availability of the systems. For this purpose, estimation methods are used to adapt empirical lifetime distributions to theoretical lifetime distributions. By means of the distribution characteristics, a prognosis of the reliability and availability to be expected is also possible beyond the observation time. In addition to the data basis to be investigated, which is available completely in test bench and experimental trials or re-censored in the field, various methods can be used for estimation. In the past, several methods have been used, such as the estimators according to ECKEL [1], Kaplan-Meier [2] or the estimators according to Pauli [3]. In general, a field failure is subject to several stresses, which can be described by expressions of several lifetime characteristics. For this application case, which occurs in the automotive industry, the known estimation methods, [1], [2], [3], cannot be used. In this paper, the necessity of multidimensional estimation methods will be introduced first. Then, a new estimation method for multidimensional metrics is presented. In a further step, mathematical proof is given that the new method can provide realistic results. Finally, two example data sets from bench testing and field are presented. Furthermore, some recommendations for the use of the new method are concretized in this context. © ESREL 2021. Published by Research Publishing, Singapore.

关键词： Reliability

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Towards safe data flow processing by integration of design by contract in deterministic UML activities

Towards safe data flow processing by integration of design b...

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2011 23rd International Symposium on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies, ICAT 2011

作者： Daw, Zamira Vetter, Marcus Boercsoek, Josef Institute of Embedded Systems Hochschule Mannheim - University of Applied Sciences Mannheim Germany Dept. of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457707469

Data flow processing is a common task of embedded systems which is usually modeled as a pipeline. Errors in a block of this pipeline can be propagated through it thus leading to unexpected and erroneous behaviors. For safety related applications, this pipeline has to be able to identify and react to failures. The DMOSES model-driven development method uses deterministic UML activities to describe and implement data flow processing. This method ensures deterministic behavior of concurrent processing. Design by Contract defines formal, precise and verifiable interfaces for software components. We propose a development method for safe data flow processing based on the integration of this concept in deterministic UML activities. This integration allows the identification of errors by detection of contracts violation. This paper presents an extension of the DMOSES tool for contracts verification at the model level and their monitoring at runtime. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Pipelines

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Modular Fault Diagnosis in Fixed-Block Railway Signaling systems

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2016年第3期49卷 459-464页

作者： Durmus, Mustafa S. Ustoglu, lker Tsarev, Roman Y. Schwarz, Michael Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey Control and Automation Engineering Department Yildiz Technical University Istanbul Turkey Institute of Space and Information Technology Siberian Federal University Krasnoyarsk Russia Computer Architecture and System Programming Kassel University Kassel Germany

The diagnosis of possible faults in railway signaling systems is an important issue to provide safe travel and transportation in railways. Signaling system designers have to consider the possible faults which may occur in railway field components both on the requirements preparation phase and on the development phase of the signaling system software or namely, the interlocking system. Although the diagnosis of different unobservable faults is relatively hard, especially for large scale railway fields, this complexity can be overcome by using the Discrete Event system (DES) based modular diagnosis approach which is explained in this paper. The main advantage of using such modular approach for fault diagnosis in fixed-block signaling systems is the inspection of the diagnosability of the whole system with respect to its subsystems (railway field components). In this study, the diagnosability of the railway field equipment and the whole system is also explained with a case study. © 2016

关键词： Fault detection Discrete event simulation Failure analysis Railroad signal systems Railroads Signaling Development phase Field components Field equipment Fixed block signaling Interlocking systems Modular approach Railway signaling systems Signaling systems

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Concept of an Optical Distance and Speed Sensor Using Novel Offsetless Spatial Frequency Filters in the Area of Functional Safety 32

Concept of an Optical Distance and Speed Sensor Using Novel ...

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32nd IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, ISIE 2023

作者： Wasinski, Frank Bonath, Werner Ricklefs, Ubbo Borcsok, Josef Schwarz, Michael Hahn, Eike University of Applied Sciences THM Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Giessen Germany Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel ICAS Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350399714

Optical speed sensors based on the spatial frequency filter method are a proven technology that offer high measurement accuracy over a wide speed range. Newly developed variants also enable measurements at very low speeds and increase the robustness of the method [1]. This makes the sensor very suitable for use in the area of functional safety. A measurement chain up to safety integrity level 3 (SIL3) should be feasible via a combination with a safety system on a chip (SoC) for evaluating the measurement data and an extension of the sensor module to include safety-related elements [2], [3]. By integrating the sensor at IC level, a compact overall solution is to be made possible. After the first successful tests with the safety SoC, further examinations of the measuring method with regard to functional safety are now necessary. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： system-on-chip

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A Practical Approach for Reliability Prediction of Safety Critical Software Using Multi-Model Ensemble Techniques 7

A Practical Approach for Reliability Prediction of Safety Cr...

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7th International Conference on system Reliability and Safety, ICSRS 2023

作者： Ouertani, Aymen Krini, Ossmane Börcsök, Habil. Josef Institute of Functional Safety & Cyber Security Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University Lörrach Germany Computer Architecture und System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306057

This paper introduces a novel and comprehensive approach for estimating the reliability of safety critical software components in autonomous vehicle motion systems. The proposed approach in this paper presents a combination software reliability model (CSRM) that integrates multiple non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) software reliability growth models (SRGMs) to achieve a reasonable compromise between accuracy, the trade-off between the goodness of fit and the simplicity, and stability. By using machine learning techniques, the CSRM effectively combines the strengths of individual SRGMs while mitigating their weaknesses through suitable evaluation and calibration techniques. The developed CSRM has been successfully applied and validated to facilitate a smoother and more efficient evaluation of reliability targets for software components in autonomous robotic wheelchair (ARW). Based on the validation results, the new CSRM has significantly enhanced the efficiency of the process for evaluating whether the defined reliability goals were being achieved. Furthermore, has facilitated a more accurate assessment of the need for further test executions and better planning of the required verification and validation session. This new approach provides valuable insights into the reliability of the developed software, particularly for software developers lacking extensive experience in identifying and applying appropriate SGRM. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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Safe position detection based on safety system-on-chip (SSOC) for wireless IoT application

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International Journal of Circuits, systems and Signal Processing 2020年 14卷 1040-1046页

作者： Börcsök, Josef Hafiz, Muhammad Ikram Alsuleiman, Ahmed Schwarz, Michael Abdelawwad, Mohamed ICAS Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

— Cyber Physical systems (CPS) are predestined for use in Industry 4.0 applications. However, the interaction between the virtual and physical world also creates risks that is essential to be controlled. In highly automated industrial systems, for example, robots are used in confined spaces together with working humans. The risk posed by such systems endangers, among others, the people working there. This paper presents an approach to ensure the safety of the situation described above, which makes the workspace of industrial robots safer by implementing a safe workspace detection system. This system comprises several detection sensors implemented in a 2oo3 safety architecture and a Safety system on a Chip (SSoC) based on a safe 1oo2 system architecture. The safety-related redundancy provided by the detection and calculation elements enables a safe position detection of the robotic arm in the 3-dimensional space. The presented system monitors the position of the robotic arm and thus supports the safety of the surrounding objects and the people working there by leading to a safe standstill or to a reduced speed of movement of the robot as soon as the defined and permitted working space is left. © 2020, North Atlantic university Union NAUN. All rights reserved.

关键词： system theory

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A stochastic approach to the probability of failure on demand (PFD) with regard to the standard IEC 61508

A stochastic approach to the probability of failure on deman...

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11th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference and the Annual European Safety and Reliability Conference 2012, PSAM11 ESREL 2012

作者： Wacker, H.D. Ugljesa, E. Boercsoek, J. Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Faculty of Electrical Engineering /Computer Science University Kassel Wilhelmshöher Allee 71 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781622764365

Let there be given a safety related electronic system suffering from random failures or errors. The standard IEC 61508 contains simplified equations for the probability of failure on demand PFDavg for special system architectures, mostly without proof. In various publications PFDavg is defined by several different equations, e.g. as a Laplacian probability, as an integral mean, or by means of the average failure rate of the system. The aim of the paper is to determine PFDavgby stochastic methods and to bring together the different definitions. A formula for PFDavg is given that is valid for most universal electronic systems. The equivalence of 2 different definitions of PFDavgis shown. The special case of a koon-system is investigated, and the resulting equations improve those known so far. The basic idea is to randomize the time to failure, the down time of the system, as well as the repair time, and then, by means of the Stieltjes-Integral, determine the mean or average time as the expectation of the respective random variable.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Smart Medicine Box system 2

Smart Medicine Box System

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2nd IEEE International Multidisciplinary Conference on Engineering Technology, IMCET 2018

作者： Zeidan, Hiba Karam, Khalil Daou, Roy Abi Zeid Hayek, Ali Boercsoek, Josef Biomedical Technologies Department Lebanese German University Faculty of Public Health Jounieh Lebanon Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Kassel University Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538645000

An advanced medicine box monitoring, analysis and control system is proposed in this paper. The latter design is based on a smart and safe medical box that assists patients in taking their pills treatment on time. Two main functionalities characterize this system: safety which assures the wellbeing of the patient and the good functioning of the system by duplicating the electrical components and the security that helps keeping the medication out of the reach of the children by automatically looking the medical box whenever the patient takes his pills. This system can also be monitored by the patient parents as it will be linked to a phone application. This application will be used to configure the medical box by calculating the weight of each pill, setting the schedule of medical intake, alarming the user of the number of remaining pills, generating alarms whenever the patient does not take the required number of pills or doesn't take them at all, and so on... This system was implemented and tested by more than 50 patients who were taking several medication types (each one of them takes one medication only) and were using different mobile phone. The overall results were very acceptable with a faulty alarm generation below 3%. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Pelletizing

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Reliability Forecasting for Components/systems with respect to 1-, 2- And 3- Dimensions of Stress Factors 30

Reliability Forecasting for Components/Systems with respect ...

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30th European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2020 and 15th Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference, PSAM 2020

作者： Krini, Abderrahim B rcs k, Josef Engineering of Remanufacturing and Quality Robert Bosch GmbH Schw bisch Gm nd Germany Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789811485930

Remanufacturing, a popular term in the automotive industry, helps to reduce the need for raw materials, increase profitability, is an effective solution to the challenges of postal items and also benefits the environment. For the remanufacturing department, the reliability and failure rate of serial products is particularly important, and therefore the accurate prediction of failure rates is also important. It must be ensured that the product meets its reliability requirements. Existing one, two and three dimensional reliability prediction models predict field failures as a function of time, based on the stress experienced by the components/systems in the field until failure. The existing models have been extended to include the parameters that allow us to predict the reliability of refurbished systems. Improvements such as registration delays, reporting delays and the corrected candidate calculation, which deals with whether the product is still within the warranty period after the observation period, are present in the models and are applied to the systems. This reduces the incompleteness of warranty data due to the influence of external factors with MATLAB. The reliability of systems can be predicted with the lifetime prediction and further conclusions can be drawn for future development. In the verification process, the predicted field failures of the models are compared with the real field failures. ©ESREL2020-PSAM15 Organizers.

关键词： Failure rate

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