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Small Signal Stability-Guaranteed Moving Target Defense Against Load Redistribution Attack On IoT-based Smart Grid

IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Wang, Bingdong Zhang, Zhenyong Wang, Mufeng Liu, Mengxiang Ye, Rui Deng, Ruilong Zhang, Xin Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guiyang550025 China China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team Beijing100040 China University of Sheffield Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering Sheffield United Kingdom Guizhou Power Grid Co. Ltd. Intelligent Operation Center China Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Huzhou Institute of Industrial Control Technology Huzhou313000 China

Moving target defense (MTD) is a promising approach to defend against load redistribution attacks on the internet-of-things (IoT)-based smart grid networks by probing the distorted state estimates with the distributed flexible AC transmission system. However, existing studies mainly focus on optimizing the performance of MTD and ignore the safety effect of it on the system’s operation. In this paper, we fill this gap by deeply analyzing the effect of MTD on the small signal stability and aim to alleviate the negative impact and guarantee its defending performance simultaneously. Firstly, the stability is formally described using the eigenvalue sensitivity. The relationship between the MTD-induced perturbation (MTDper) and the stability criteria is derived. Secondly, a new indicator is proposed to measure the effectiveness of MTDper. Thirdly, a constrained optimization problem is formulated to compute the bound of MTDper for guaranteeing the small signal stability. In addition, a surprising finding is that the stability margin can be improved and enhanced by optimizing the value of MTDper without losing the MTD’s effectiveness. Finally, we evaluate the performance of MTDper and its impact on the small signal stability with extensive simulations on the IEEE 30-bus, 39-bus, and 68-bus test power systems. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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FPGA-based Real-time High-resolution Image Processing for rocket on-board processing

FPGA-based Real-time High-resolution Image Processing for ro...

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International Conference on computer Research and Development (ICCRD)

作者： Hui Zhou Xiaofeng Wang YuJia Xie Yongxiang Cao Yu Tang Yongchun Huo Huan Wen Xiongbo Zhao Chaoran Li Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute National key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerospace Intelligent Control Beijing China Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China National Superior College for Engineers Beihang University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798331531881

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531898

The structure of the rocket-borne model is inherently complex, with processed images exhibiting high resolution and generating substantial amounts of data and calculations. Achieving robust real-time computing on an embedded platform poses significant challenges due to strictly limited resources, power consumption constraints, and size limitations. Our review of rocket-borne applications reveals considerable variability in the design resources of different devices, indicating a need for expanded design approaches. Upon evaluating existing methods, we identified two primary drawbacks. First, certain operators within the high-resolution target detection model are difficult to parallelize, resulting in significant inference delays that hinder the ability to meet task requirements. Although existing methods have been extended, there remains significant potential for performance enhancement in core scheduling for poor acceleration. This paper proposes an optimized architecture for the target detection algorithm accelerator designed for high-resolution images, along with a novel highly parallel data pre-processing and post-processing module implemented on FPGA to address these issues. Compared to the ARM implementation, this architecture demonstrates an improved performance of 24.64x. Furthermore, to ensure flexible application across various rocket launch scenarios, we introduce an optimization structure for convolution, pooling, and fusion operators and a multi-core expansion optimization method. This approach yields a 1.29x improvement in computing unit utilization compared to state-of-the-art multi-core scaling efforts. Finally, we assessed the accelerator architecture across multiple FPGA platforms, achieving a peak processing element utilization rate of 99.71% for a single core and layer. The overall computing efficiency, excluding the first layer, exceeded 90%. The peak computing power for the four cores reached 1638.4 GOPS, and the end-to-end computation time for

关键词： YOLO Rockets Power demand Convolution Multicore processing Reviews Scalability Accelerator architectures Real-time systems Field programmable gate arrays

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On Word-of-Mouth and Private-Prior Sequential Social Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Da Col, Andrea Rojas, Cristian R. Krishnamurthy, Vikram The Division of Decision and Control Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm100 44 Sweden The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States

— Social learning provides a fundamental framework in economics and social sciences for studying interactions among rational agents who observe each other’s actions but lack direct access to individual beliefs. This paper investigates a specific social learning paradigm known as Word-of-Mouth (WoM), where a series of agents seeks to estimate the state of a dynamical system. The first agent receives noisy measurements of the state, while each subsequent agent relies solely on a degraded version of her predecessor’s estimate. A defining feature of WoM is that the final agent’s belief is publicly broadcast and adopted by all agents, in place of their own. We analyze this setting both theoretically and through numerical simulations, showing that some agents benefit from using the public belief broadcast by the last agent, while others suffer from performance deterioration. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Comprehensive Perturbation Consistency for Semi-Supervised Change Detection in Remote Sensing Images

Comprehensive Perturbation Consistency for Semi-Supervised C...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Zan Mao Xin Li Ze Luo Yingjuan Tang Dongmei Jiang Computer Network Information Center Chinese Academy of Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences PengCheng Laboratory National Key Laboratory of Advanced Vehicle Integration and Control Beijing Institute of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Currently, many change detection (CD) methods rely on supervised learning, which necessitates extensive manually annotated data, resulting in significant labor and time requirements. Recently, semi-supervised (SS) approaches have emerged in the CD community, which exploit large amounts of unlabeled data by utilizing consistency regularization. However, these methods do not consider the broader perturbation consistency to confer better generalization of the model. In this paper, we propose a novel SS CD framework with a comprehensive perturbation consistency called CPC, which extends perturbation consistency to the entire learning period. Specifically, our CPC combines the input, feature, and network perturbations for comprehensive perturb space. And, we design two distinct structures in practice, decoupled CPC and coupled CPC. Furthermore, we propose a change-aware input perturbation that introduces expensive annotation information to further expand the input perturb space. Extensive experiments conducted on the WHUCD, and GZ-CD datasets demonstrate that the proposal performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Codes Annotations Perturbation methods Supervised learning Signal processing Acoustics Proposals Labeling Speech processing Remote sensing

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DEEPCON: Improving Distributed Deep Learning Model Consistency in Edge-Cloud Environments via Distillation

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 2025年

作者： Qian, Bin Qian, Jiaxu Wen, Zhenyu Wu, Di He, Shibo Chen, Jiming Ranjan, Rajiv Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Hangzhou China Zhejiang University of Technology Institute of Cyberspace Security College of Information Engineering Hangzhou China University of St Andrews School of Computer Science United Kingdom Newcastle University United Kingdom

In a typical distributed Deep Learning (DL) based application, models are configured differently to meet the requirements of resource constraints. For instance, a large ResNet56 model is deployed on the cloud server while a small lightweight MobileNet model is more suitable for the end-user device with fewer computation resources. However, the heterogeneity of the model architectures and configurations may bring a systemic problem -models may produce different outputs when given the same input. This inconsistency problem may cause severe system failure of prediction agreement inside the application. Current research has not studied the systemic design for efficiently detecting and reducing the inconsistency among models in distributed DL applications. With the increasing scale of distributed DL applications, the challenges of inconsistency mitigation should consider both algorithm and system design. To this end, we design and implement DEEPCON, an adaptive deployment system across the edge-cloud layer with over-the-air model updates. We implement ASRS sampling for efficiently sampling data to reveal the real data distribution as well as model prediction inconsistency. Then, we implement DMML-Par, an asynchronous parallel training algorithm for quickly updating the models and reducing inconsistency. implements over-the-air updates with a set of APIS to enable seamless inconsistency detection and reduction in such deep learning applications. Our experiment results on both vision and language tasks demonstrate that DMML could improve the model consistency up to 4%, 7%, and 13% at CIFAR10/100 and IMDB datasets without sacrificing the accuracy of individual models. We also show that the ASRS sampling can save 90% network bandwidth of data transmission and that DMML-Par is up to 60% faster compared to simple synchronous parallel training. 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Distributed cloud

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Advancing Medical Innovation through Blockchain-Secured Federated Learning for Smart Health

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IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2025年 PP卷 PP页

作者： Khan, Salabat Khan, Mansoor Khan, Muhammad Asghar Wang, Lu Wu, Kaishun Qilu Institute of Technology School of Computer and Information Engineering Jinan China Qilu Institute of Technology School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Control Engineering Jinan China Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Department of Electrical Engineering P.O. Box 1664 Al-Khobar31952 Saudi Arabia Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen China Thrust Guangzhou China

The rapid digitization of healthcare systems has led to a vast accumulation of electronic medical records (EMRs), offering an invaluable source of patient data that can significantly advance medical research and improve patient care. However, sharing EMRs for research purposes presents challenges, particularly concerning data privacy, security, and the limitations of traditional centralized data-sharing models. This paper introduces a novel approach that leverages blockchain technology to facilitate federated learning with EMRs, thereby addressing these challenges. Federated learning enables multiple institutions to collaboratively train a robust machine learning model without sharing raw data, preserving privacy and security. By integrating blockchain, this framework enhances data integrity, immutability, and trust, all in a decentralized environment. The blockchain serves as a transparent and secure ledger, recording model updates and aggregating them through a consensus-based mechanism. Smart contracts further enforce data usage policies, allowing only authorized access and maintaining control over data ownership and sharing. This approach empowers medical researchers and institutions to collaborate more effectively, accelerating the discovery of treatments, advancements in personalized medicine, and insights into rare diseases. It also enables patients to contribute to medical research while retaining control over their personal data, fostering a patient-centered approach to healthcare innovation. Experimental results confirm the efficacy and efficiency of this blockchain-enabled federated learning framework, highlighting its potential to transform medical research and adhere to stringent privacy and security standards. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of blockchain in enhancing big data analytics within healthcare, paving the way for improved collaboration, innovation, and patient outcomes. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Fe2O3-Functionalized MoS2 Nanostructure Sensor for High-Sensitivity and Low-Level SO2 Detection

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ACS Sensors 2025年

作者： Gond, Rahul Barala, Suraj Shukla, Prajjwal Bassi, Gaurav Kumar, Suresh Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, Mahesh Rawat, Brajesh Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Punjab Rupnagar140001 India IDRP-Space Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan Jodhpur342030 India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Punjab Rupnagar140001 India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan Jodhpur342030 India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan Jodhpur342030 India Department of Cybernetics Nanotechnology and Data Processing Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 Gliwice44-100 Poland

Real-time sulfur dioxide (SO2) monitoring is essential to mitigate its severe health and environmental impacts while ensuring compliance with industrial safety and emission regulations. Two-dimensional MoS2 stands out as a promising material for developing low-temperature-operated gas sensors due to its exceptionally high surface-to-volume ratio and ease of surface functionalization. However, monitoring the SO2 level faces challenges, including limited selectivity, sensitivity, and detection range, with high operating temperatures (200-600 °C) or external light source requirements. To address these issues, we present a highly sensitive SO2 sensor based on Fe2O3 nanoparticle-functionalized vertically aligned MoS2 nanostructure material, which is fabricated using a scalable sputtering process. The Fe2O3-MoS2 sensor exhibits a broad detection range from 100 ppb to 100 ppm, with a theoretical detection limit of around 22.8 ppb. When exposed to 5 ppm of SO2, the sensor achieves a response of around 32.2%, with response and recovery times of approximately 104 and 141 s, respectively. The fabricated sensor demonstrated impressive sensitivity (4.9%/ppm) for SO2 concentration in the range of 0.1 to 5 ppm, coupled with excellent reproducibility and stability at 150 °C. This enhanced performance is attributed to the catalytic effect of Fe2O3 and modulation of the heterojunction barrier at the interface. This study introduces a highly scalable, reliable, and stable Fe2O3-MoS2 sensor, which paves the way for developing energy-efficient and miniaturized SO2 sensors. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Layered semiconductors

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Trajectory control and Fair Communications for Multi-UAV Networks: A Federated Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Tarekegn, Getaneh Berie Tesfaw, Belayneh Abebe Juang, Rong-Terng Saha, Dola Tarekegn, Robel Berie Lin, Hsin-Piao Tai, Li-Chia Nycu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 1001 University Road Hsinchu300 Taiwan Nycu Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering 1001 University Road Hsinchu300 Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taipei10608 Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology Institute of Aerospace and System Engineering Taipei10608 Taiwan University at Albany Suny Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AlbanyNY12222 United States

Due to their highly flexible deployment and agility features, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) serving as aerial base stations are increasingly being used in challenging environments, including emergency communication, traffic offloading, and failures of existing communications infrastructure. A reliable and effective communication service requires 3D deployment and autonomous UAV trajectory optimization in each time slot. While most prior approaches focus on trajectory design that maximizes communication coverage or network throughput without considering fairness as well as computation time. This paper presents a multi-UAV trajectory control and fair communication (TCFC) scheme that maximizes ground user data rate and communication coverage while ensuring service fairness in a UAV-aided wireless communications system. The proposed TCFC scheme employs a two-stage learning approach. Firstly, it develops a gated recurrent unit-based link quality estimation model to assess each user's link quality over time. Then, a federated multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (FedMADRL) algorithm is utilized to continuously adjust the trajectory of the UAVs, optimizing communication performance. We evaluated our proposed system using real channel measurement data, i.e., amplitude and phase signal information. The results show that the proposed TCFC scheme reduces computation time by 26.91% and provides comparable network performance with the baseline methods while improving DRL agents' privacy. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Efficient Coordination and Synchronization of Multi-Robot Systems Under Recurring Linear Temporal Logic

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Peron, Davide Fernandez-Ayala, Victor Nan Vlahakis, Eleftherios E. Dimarogonas, Dimos V. Department of Information Engineering University of Padova Padova35122 Italy Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm10044 Sweden

We consider multi-robot systems under recurring tasks formalized as linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. To solve the planning problem efficiently, we propose a bottom-up approach combining offline plan synthesis with online coordination, dynamically adjusting plans via real-time communication. To address action delays, we introduce a synchronization mechanism ensuring coordinated task execution, leading to a multi-agent coordination and synchronization framework that is adaptable to a wide range of multi-robot applications. The software package is developed in Python and ROS2 for broad deployment. We validate our findings through lab experiments involving nine robots showing enhanced adaptability compared to previous methods. Additionally, we conduct simulations with up to ninety agents to demonstrate the reduced computational complexity and the scalability features of our work. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Multipurpose robots

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Excess Mean Squared Error of Empirical Bayes Estimators

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ju, Yue Wahlberg, Bo Hjalmarsson, Håkan Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm10044 Sweden Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing AdBIOPRO Sweden

Empirical Bayes estimators are based on minimizing the average risk with the hyper-parameters in the weighting function being estimated from observed data. The performance of an empirical Bayes estimator is typically evaluated by its mean squared error (MSE). However, the explicit expression for its MSE is generally unavailable for finite sample sizes. To address this issue, we define a high-order analytical criterion: the excess MSE. It quantifies the performance difference between the maximum likelihood and empirical Bayes estimators. An explicit expression for the excess MSE of an empirical Bayes estimator employing a general data-dependent hyper-parameter estimator is derived. As specific instances, we provide excess MSE expressions for kernel-based regularized estimators using the scaled empirical Bayes, Stein’s unbiased risk estimation, and generalized cross-validation hyper-parameter estimators. Moreover, we propose a modification to the excess MSE expressions for regularized estimators for moderate sample sizes and show its improvement on accuracy in numerical simulations. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mean square error

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