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Electricity Consumption by ICT: Facts, trends, and measurements

Ubiquity 2023年第8期2023卷 1-15页

作者： Gelenbe, Erol Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics Polish Academy of Sciences Gliwice44100 Poland Université Côte d'Azur CNRS I3S Nice06000 France Dept. of Computer Engineering Yaşar University Bornova Izmir Turkey

This paper considers key issues surrounding energy consumption by information and communication technologies (ICT), which has been steadily growing and is now attaining approximately 10% of the worldwide electricity consumption with a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions. The perimeter of ICT systems is discussed, and the role of the subsystems that compose ICT is considered. Data from recent years is used to understand how each of these sub-systems contribute to ICT's energy consumption. The quantitatively demonstrated positive correlation between the penetration of ICT in the world's different economies and the same economies' contributions to undesirable greenhouse gas emissions is also discussed. The paper also examines how emerging technologies such as 5G, AI, edge computing, and cryptocurrencies are contributing to the worldwide increase in electricity consumption by ICT, despite the increases in ICT efficiency, in terms of energy consumed per bit processed, stored, or transmitted. The measurement of specific ICT systems' electricity consumption is also addressed, and the manner in which this consumption can be minimized in a specific edge computing context is discussed.

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CONCEPT OF DELIVERY SYSTEM IN THE SMART CITY ENVIRONMENT

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Špitálová, Zuzana Leontiev, Oliver Harmaňoš, Patrik Institute of Computer Engineering and Applied Informatics Faculty of Informatics and Information Technology Slovak University of Technology Bratislava Slovakia

Regarding to the smart city infrastructures, there is a demand for big data processing and its further usage. This data can be gained by various means. There are many IoT devices in the city, which can communicate and share the information about the environment which they are situated in. Moreover every personal mobile device can also participate in this process and help to gain data via various applications. Every app provides the useful data, enabling the location and data sharing. This data can be further processed and used for improving the city infrastructure, transport or other services. We designed the system for shared delivery process, which can help to achieve the described situation. It consists of frontend and backend part. The frontend part, multiplatform mobile app, represents the graphical interface and the backend part represents the database for the gained data. © 2023, CC0.

关键词： Smart city

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RAFA-Net: Region Attention Network for Food Items and Agricultural Stress Recognition

IEEE Transactions on AgriFood Electronics

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IEEE Transactions on AgriFood Electronics 2025年第1期3卷 121-133页

作者： Bera, Asish Krejcar, Ondrej Bhattacharjee, Debotosh Birla Institute of Technology and Science Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Pilani333031 India University of Hradec Kralove Center for Basic and Applied Science Faculty of Informatics and Management Hradec Kralove50003 Czech Republic Skoda Auto University Mlada Boleslav29301 Czech Republic Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology Kuala Lumpur81310 Malaysia Jadavpur University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kolkata700032 India

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have facilitated remarkable success in recognizing various food items and agricultural stress. A decent performance boost has been witnessed in solving the agro-food challenges by mining and analyzing region-based partial feature descriptors. Also, computationally expensive ensemble learning schemes fusing multiple CNNs have been studied in earlier works. This work proposes a region attention scheme for modeling long-range dependencies by building a correlation among different regions within an input image. The attention method enhances feature representation by learning the usefulness of context information from complementary regions. Spatial pyramidal pooling and average pooling pairs aggregate partial descriptors into a holistic representation. Both pooling methods establish spatial and channelwise relationships without incurring extra parameters. A context gating scheme is applied to refine the descriptiveness of weighted attentional features, which is relevant for classification. The proposed region attention network for food items and agricultural stress recognition method, dubbed RAFA-Net, has been experimented on three public food datasets, and has achieved state-of-the-art performances with distinct margins. The highest top-1 accuracy of RAFA-Net is 91.69%, 91.56%, and 96.97% on the UECFood-100, UECFood-256, and MAFood-121 datasets, respectively. In addition, better accuracies have been achieved on two benchmark agricultural stress datasets. The best top-1 accuracies on the Insect Pest (IP-102) and PlantDoc-27 plant disease datasets are 92.36%, and 85.54%, respectively;implying RAFA-Net's generalization capability. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Plant diseases

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Improving DL-Learner on a Malware Detection Use Case 36

Improving DL-Learner on a Malware Detection Use Case

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36th International Workshop on Description Logics, DL 2023

作者： Bisták, Tomáš Švec, Peter Kluka, Ján Šimko, Alexander Balogh, Štefan Homola, Martin Department of Applied Informatics Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics Comenius University Mlynská dolina Bratislava842 48 Slovakia Institute of Computer Science and Mathematics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Slovak University of Technology Ilkovicova 3 Bratislava812 19 Slovakia

Automation of malware characterization has become increasingly important for early malware detection over the past decades. Since it is crucial to be able to perform malware detection transparently, explainable machine-learning methods may be considered particularly suitable for this application. In our previous work, we thus employed algorithms for learning description-logics concept expressions to obtain structured characterizations of malicious software. The results of our initial experiments, however, lead us to several inconsistencies in the behaviour of the studied algorithms included in DL-Learner, a widely adopted framework for concept learning. Hence, in this work, we make a couple of corrections to DL-Learner, along with a few further enhancements, and repeat the experiments to empirically assess the effects of our changes. The outcomes show that the modified algorithms can mark an improvement in terms of the predictability of their behaviour as well as evaluation metrics. © 2023 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Malware

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WSports-50: An Image Dataset for Women’s Sport Action Classification 4th

WSports-50: An Image Dataset for Women’s Sport Action Class...

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4th International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems, COMSYS 2023

作者： Ray, Palash Bera, Asish Krejcar, Ondrej Bhattacharjee, Debotosh Nasipuri, Mita Department of Computer Science and Engineering Haldia Institute of Technology West Bengal Haldia India Department of Computer Science and Information Systems BITS Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India Center for Basic and Applied Science Faculty of Informatics and Management University of Hradec Kralove Rokitanskeho 62 Hradec Kralove500 03 Czech Republic Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University West Bengal Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819726134

Sport action recognition is an interesting area in computer vision. Categorization of sport actions, representing difficult and complex body postures, is regarded as a fine-grained visual classification problem. The Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have attained enhanced performance over conventional feature descriptors in recognizing various sport activities. In general, though decent improvement has been gained using deep learning for sport action recognition, however, recognition of women’s sport activities is not widely explored. Even, no benchmark dataset depicting women’s sport action with sufficient variations is available yet for study. Hence, fine-grained image classification of diverse sport categories involving female/women athletics requires immediate research attention. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes an image dataset comprising worldwide popular 50 sport categories of women players only. A simple deep learning model is proposed that extracts the high-level deep features using a backbone CNN. Then, these features are pooled from a collection of regular regions representing local discriminative information. The spatial pyramid pooling is applied for mining semantic information and enhancing feature aggregation for classification. The proposed method has achieved satisfactory performance on the Women Sports dataset using four standard backbone CNNs. Moreover, our method has achieved better accuracy on the Yoga-82 pose recognition dataset with a significant margin, e.g., 11.6% gain using ResNet-50 base CNN. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Robust Transmission Design in Multiobjective RIS-Aided SWIPT IoT Communications

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2024年第10期11卷 18605-18618页

作者： Sharma, Vaibhav Allu, Raviteja Singh, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Keshav Duong, Trung Q. Tsiftsis, Theodoros A. Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Prayagraj211004 India Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science St. John'sNLA1B 3X5 Canada Queen's University Belfast School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science BelfastBT7 1NN United Kingdom University of Thessaly Department of Informatics and Telecommunications Lamia35100 Greece

This work investigates the performance of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided Internet of Things (IoT) communications under imperfect channel state information (CSI). We formulate a multiobjective optimization problem (MOOP) to design a transmit precoding vector (TPV) at the base station (BS) and phase shift matrix (PSM) at the RIS that jointly maximizes energy efficiency (EE) and harvested power (HP) under the norm-bounded CSI error model. Due to the conflicting objective functions and nonconvex nature of the above optimization problem, the MOOP is simplified using the ϵ-constraint method and subsequently adopting advanced optimization tools, such as the Dinkelbach method, S-procedure, general sign-definiteness, semidefinite programming and convex-concave procedure. Thereafter, we propose an alternating optimization-based algorithm which determines optimal TPV and PSM iteratively that jointly maximizes the EE and HP of the considered system. Through numerical simulations, we validate the robustness, optimality, convergence, accuracy, and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we assess the impact of several key parameters, such as the number of RIS elements, available transmit power at BS, and the minimum HP on the performance of the considered system. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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CervixNet: A Reward-Based Weighted Ensemble Framework for Cervical Cancer Classification 4th

CervixNet: A Reward-Based Weighted Ensemble Framework for Ce...

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4th International Conference on Frontiers in Computing and Systems, COMSYS 2023

作者： Roy, Kaushiki Bhattacharjee, Deboparna Banik, Debapriya Krejcar, Ondrej Sarkar, Ram Kolkata700091 India University of Engineering and Management Kolkata700160 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University Kolkata700032 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering RCC Institute of Information Technology Kolkata700015 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering ICFAI University Tripura Agartala799210 India Center for Basic and Applied Science Faculty of Informatics and Management University of Hradec Kralove Rokitanskeho 62 Hradec Kralove500 03 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9789819726103

Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of death among women worldwide. However, this fatal disease can be treated, and the mortality rate can be decreased if detected at an early stage. The Papanicolaou test is the gold standard for screening cervical cancer patients. However, the process of manual inspection is tedious and subject to manual errors. Thus, computer-based automatic screening is considered a viable alternative. To this end, in the present work, we have developed a novel system for classifying cervical cancer images as either normal or malignant. We have used the Herlev dataset in this study, which is the standard Pap smear image benchmark dataset. The proposed framework uses multiple base deep learning frameworks, namely Vision Transformer, Xception, VGG-19, VGG-16, and ResNet-101, for classification. Further, we have introduced a novel reward-based weighing technique to decide the weights of individual classifiers, which are, in turn, used to make decisions about the final class label of an input image using the weighted average technique. The proposed framework achieves an overall accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC of 96%, 94%, 92%, 93%, and 94%, respectively, for the binary classification task that is normal vs. malignant. An elaborate study of the performance achieved by our proposed framework on the Herlev dataset shows it to be both robust and effective for the Pap smear image classification task. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Novel Noise Filter Techniques and Dynamic Ensemble Selection for Classification

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Recent Advances in computer Science and Communications 2022年第1期15卷 48-59页

作者： Nguyen, Thi Ngoc A. Nhu, Quynh P. Solanki, Vijender K. School of Applied Mathematics and Informatics Hanoi University of Science and Technology Hanoi Viet Nam CMC Institute of Science and Technology 11 Duy Tan Cau Giay Hanoi Viet Nam Department of Computer Science and Engineering CMR Institute of Technology TS Hyderabad India

Background: Ensemble selection is one of the most researched topics for ensemble learning. Researchers have been attracted to selecting a subset of base classifiers that may perform more helpful than the whole ensemble system classifiers. Dynamic Ensemble Selection (DES) is one of the most effective techniques in classification problems. DES systems select the most appropriate classifiers from the candidate classifier pool. Ensemble models that balance diversity and accuracy in the training process improve performance than the whole classifiers. Objective: In this paper, novel techniques are proposed by combining Noise Filter (NF) and Dynamic Ensemble System (DES) to have better predictive accuracy. In other words, a noise filter and DES make the data cleaner and DES improves the performance of classification. Methods: The proposed NF-DES model, which was demonstrated on twelve datasets, especially has three credit scoring datasets and a performance measure accuracy. Results: The results show that our proposed model is better than other models. Conclusion: The novel noise filer and dynamic ensemble learning with the aim to improve the classification ability are presented. To improve the performance of classification, noise filter with dynamic ensemble learning makes the noise data toward the correct class. Then, novel dynamic ensemble learning chooses the appropriate subset classifiers in the pool of base classifiers. © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Improving Communication Systems Through Federated Learning: An Optimization of Decision-Making 6

Improving Communication Systems Through Federated Learning: ...

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6th World Symposium on Communication engineering, WSCE 2023

作者： Stergiou, Konstantinos D. Ishibashi, Yutaka Goudos, Sotirios K. Lagkas, Thomas Sarigiannidis, Panagiotis Psannis, Konstantinos E. University of Macedonia Department of Applied Informatics Thessaloniki Greece Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Physics Thessaloniki Greece International Hellenic University Department of Computer Science Kavala Greece University of Western Macedonia Department of Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering Kozani Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350339505

This paper discusses the use of federated learning as a method for optimizing decision-making in communication systems. Federated learning is a machine learning technique that enables the training of models on decentralized data, allowing for the collection and analysis of data from multiple sources while maintaining the privacy and security of the data. This approach is particularly useful in communication systems, as it allows for the optimization of decision-making across a wide range of devices and networks. The paper examines the advantages of federated learning, including the ability to collect a large amount of data from a diverse range of devices, the protection of sensitive data, and the ability to adapt to changing conditions in real-time. The paper also provides specific examples of how federated learning can be used in the optimization of mobile networks and content delivery. The conclusion highlights the growing importance of federated learning in improving communication systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Learning systems

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Blockchain-Assisted Secure Fine-Grained Searchable Encryption for a Cloud-Based Healthcare Cyber-Physical System

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第12期8卷 1877-1890页

作者： Mamta Brij B.Gupta Kuan-Ching Li Victor C.M.Leun Kostas E.Psannis Shingo Yamaguchi IEEE the Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology the Asia University the Macquarie University the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Providence University the Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University the University of British Columbia the Department of Applied Informatics University of Macedonia the Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University

The concept of sharing of personal health data over cloud storage in a healthcare-cyber physical system has become popular in recent times as it improves access *** privacy of health data can only be preserved by keeping it in an encrypted form,but it affects usability and flexibility in terms of effective ***-based searchable encryption(ABSE)has proven its worth by providing fine-grained searching capabilities in the shared cloud ***,it is not practical to apply this scheme to the devices with limited resources and storage capacity because a typical ABSE involves serious *** a healthcare cloud-based cyber-physical system(CCPS),the data is often collected by resource-constraint devices;therefore,here also,we cannot directly apply ABSE *** the proposed work,the inherent computational cost of the ABSE scheme is managed by executing the computationally intensive tasks of a typical ABSE scheme on the blockchain ***,it makes the proposed scheme suitable for online storage and retrieval of personal health data in a typical *** the assistance of blockchain technology,the proposed scheme offers two main ***,it is free from a trusted authority,which makes it genuinely decentralized and free from a single point of ***,it is computationally efficient because the computational load is now distributed among the consensus nodes in the blockchain ***,the task of initializing the system,which is considered the most computationally intensive,and the task of partial search token generation,which is considered as the most frequent operation,is now the responsibility of the consensus *** eliminates the need of the trusted authority and reduces the burden of data users,***,in comparison to existing decentralized fine-grained searchable encryption schemes,the proposed scheme has achieved a significant reduction in storage and computational cost for the secret

关键词： Cloud-based cyber-physical systems(CCPS) data encryption healthcare information search and retrieval keyword search public-key cryptosystems searchable encryption

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