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Cyber security after COVID 19: A review

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2839卷

作者： Muthana Alisawi Layth Hammood Alaan Ghazi Sirwan Saber Abdullah Aras Al-Dawoodi Abbas Hussein Ali Ashraf Nabeel Almallah Nidhal Mohsin Hazzaa Yousif Mohammed Wahab Asmaa Yaseen Nawaf Department of Computer science college of computer science and information technology University of Kirkuk. Kirkuk Iraq Computer science informatics institute Gazi university Çankaya Ankara 06690 Turkey Institute of science faculty of technology computer engineering Gazi university Çankaya Ankara 06690 Turkey Department of Computer Technical Engineering Al-Qalam university College Kirkuk Iraq Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences University Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology University Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Information Technology and Communication Department Rafidain Bank Baghdad Iraq Department of Quality Assurance and Academic Performance University of Kirkuk Kirkuk Iraq Department of computer science college of computer and mathematics University of Mosul Mosul Iraq Gazi University - Turkey Çankaya Ankara 06690 Turkey

Nowadays, when talking about cybersecurity, the talk is associated with the most important event in the world during the year 2020, which is COVID-19. Although the digital world exists parallel to the real world, humanity did not have to rely on the Internet to accomplish its tasks. However, the situation changed after the Corona pandemic, as the world found itself in front of one option, which is to work remotely to overcome the impact of the pandemic. Therefore, with this massive and sudden digital transformation on the global level, cyber criminals have many opportunities through cyber vulnerabilities that appear due to the rapid shift to remote work. In this study, we presented an accurate review of the effects that accompanied the occurrence of the Coronavirus pandemic on cybersecurity. Moreover, the world has seen a growing number of cyber-attacks due to these effects, which led to attract the attention to the importance of cyber security to ensure full benefit from digital services without exposure to damage. Also, we indicated in this paper a number of recommendations that contribute to mitigating the damages of cyber-attacks or preventing their occurrence. Furthermore, Cyber security should be a complete approach and not limited to the technical side, where the awareness of the community about cyber risks should contribute to preventing cyber criminals from achieving their goals.

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Availability of heavy metals in soils after application of sulfur pulp and phosphate rock 19

Availability of heavy metals in soils after application of s...

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19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, SGEM 2019

作者： Tabak, Monika Niemiec, Marcin Kuboń, Maciej Mudryk, Krzysztof Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Faculty of Agriculture and Economics University of Agriculture in Krakow Poland Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Informatics Department of Production Management and Applied Computer Science Faculty of Production and Power Engineering University of Agriculture in Krakow Poland Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics Faculty of Production and Power Engineering University of Agriculture in Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9786197408768

Waste application, beneficial in terms of soil abundance in nutrients, cannot lead to soil contamination. The incubation experiment aimed at assessing the effect of applying sulfur pulp (waste material containing elemental sulfur) and ground phosphate rock on the availability of heavy metals in soils. The experiment was conducted on two soils with different soil category: Medium and heavy, both of acid reaction and not contaminated with heavy metals. Doses of sulfur pulp and phosphate rock were set based on soil abundance in sulfur and phosphorus, guidelines on the limit content of these elements in soils, and on the principles of crop fertilization. Doses of 20 and 40 mg S as well as 40 and 80 mg P · kg-1 DM were added to medium soil;30 and 60 mg S as well as 60 and 120 mg P · kg-1 DM were added to heavy soil. The experiment comprised: Control soils (without additions), soils with only sulfur addition (in both doses), soils with simultaneous sulfur and phosphorus addition (in both doses). The content of available forms of heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb) in the soils was determined after 90 days of incubation. The elements were extracted with: 1) a mixture of 0.1 mol ∙ dm-3 hydroxylammonium chloride and 1 mol ∙ dm-3 ammonium acetate;2) 0.01 mol ∙ dm-3 calcium chloride. The element content in the solutions was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A higher content of trace elements was recorded after extraction with a mixture of hydroxylammonium chloride and ammonium acetate than after extraction with calcium chloride. Trace content of Cd and Pb was extracted with calcium chloride from both soils. Moreover, trace content of Ni was extracted from the medium soil with both reagents and trace content of Cd was extracted from the heavy soil with the mixture of hydroxylammonium chloride and ammonium acetate. Introduction of sulfur pulp and phosphate increased the content of manganese extracted with calcium chloride (especially

关键词： Soils

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Disability in space - What ESA should have aimed for

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Heinicke, Christiane Kaczmarzyk, Marcin Tannert, Benjamin Wasniowski, Aleksander Perycz, Malgorzata Schöning, Johannes Am Fallturm 2 Bremen28359 Germany Rzeszow University of Technology The Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Department of Building Engineering Poznańska Street 2 Rzeszow35-084 Poland Hochschule Bremen - City University of Applied Science Applied Media Informatics Flughafenallee 10 Bremen28199 Germany Space Is More ul. Mikulskiego 17 Wroclaw52-420 Poland Institute of Computer Science Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Artificial Intelligence Lab of Computational Biology Jana Kazimierza 5 st. Warsaw01-248 Poland University of Bremen Human-Computer Interaction Bibliothekstraße 5 Bremen28359 Germany

With announcing their "Parastronaut Feasibility Project", the European Space Agency ESA promises to make every reasonable effort to send astronauts with disability to space. This could spark hope in the 15% of all people who live with some form of disability. However, the fine-print of the announcement sets overly tight boundaries to "acceptable" disabilities, allowing only malformations that are expected to have a positive impact on the parastronaut's performance in space. By doing so, ESA is following decade-old traditions in space flight, with some inclusion for the sake of inclusion and public opinion. Instead of accommodating people with disabilities, ESA should send a strong signal for inclusion and truly challenge people with disabilities so they can and will tease out the best of their qualities. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Manned space flight

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First steps towards modeling the interaction of cardiovascular agents and smooth muscle activation in arterial walls

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PAMM 2023年第1期22卷

作者： S. Nurani Ramesh K. Uhlmann L. Saßmannshausen O. Rheinbach A. Klawonn A. Heinlein D. Balzani Civil and Environmental Engineering Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum University of Cologne Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Cologne Germany Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Department of Mathematics and Informatics Freiberg Germany Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands

Numerical simulation of the response of healthy and pathological arteries to cardiovascular agents can provide valuable information to the physician in the treatment of diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and the Marfan syndrome. Here, we provide a first step towards a computational framework to model the effects of antihypertensive agents on the mechanical response of arterial walls. A material model is developed by extending an existing formulation for wall tissue to incorporate the effects of calcium-ion channel blockers. The resulting coupled deformation-diffusion problem is then solved using the finite element method. Simulation results with drug activity show that, indeed, an increased lumen diameter due to reduced contraction is obtained. Additionally, a decrease in the rate of arterial contraction is observed, which is also consistent with expected behavior. Finally, we compare results for an implicit or explicit treatment of the the deformation-diffusion coupling, and we observe that both coupling schemes yield comparable results for a wide range of time step sizes.

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Why is the Winner the Best?

Why is the Winner the Best?

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： M. Eisenmann A. Reinke V. Weru M. D. Tizabi F. Isensee T. J. Adler S. Ali V. Andrearczyk M. Aubreville U. Baid S. Bakas N. Balu S. Bano J. Bernal S. Bodenstedt A. Casella V. Cheplygina M. Daum M. De Bruijne A. Depeursinge R. Dorent J. Egger D. G. Ellis S. Engelhardt M. Ganz N. Ghatwary G. Girard P. Godau A. Gupta L. Hansen K. Harada M. Heinrich N. Heller A. Hering A. Huaulmé P. Jannin A. E. Kavur O. Kodym M. Kozubek J. Li H. Li J. Ma C. Martín-Isla B. Menze A. Noble V. Oreiller N. Padoy S. Pati K. Payette T. Rädsch J. Rafael-Patiño V. Singh Bawa S. Speidel C. H. Sudre K. Van Wijnen M. Wagner D. Wei A. Yamlahi M. H. Yap C. Yuan M. Zenk A. Zia D. Zimmerer D. Aydogan B. Bhattarai L. Bloch R. Brüngel J. Cho C. Choi Q. Dou I. Ezhov C. M. Friedrich C. Fuller R. R. Gaire A. Galdran Á. García Faura M. Grammatikopoulou S. Hong M. Jahanifar I. Jang A. Kadkhodamohammadi I. Kang F. Kofler S. Kondo H. Kuijf M. Li M. Luu T. Martinčič P. Morais M. A. Naser B. Oliveira D. Owen S. Pang J. Park S. Park S. Płotka E. Puybareau N. Rajpoot K. Ryu N. Saeed A. Shephard P. Shi D. Štepec R. Subedi G. Tochon H. R. Torres H. Urien J. L. Vilaça K. A. Wahid H. Wang J. Wang L. Wang X. Wang B. Wiestler M. Wodzinski F. Xia J. Xie Z. Xiong S. Yang Y. Yang Z. Zhao K. Maier-Hein P. F. Jäger A. Kopp-Schneider L. Maier-Hein Division of Intelligent Medical Systems German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Helmholtz Imaging German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Biostatistics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of Computing University of Leeds Leeds UK Institute of Informatics School of Management HES-SO Valais-Wallis University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Sierre Switzerland Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Ingolstadt Germany Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Computer Science Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) University College London London UK Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & Computer Vision Center Barcelona Spain Division of Translational Surgical Oncology National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden Dresden Germany Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Department of Radiology and Nuc

International benchmarking competitions have become fundamental for the comparative performance assessment of image analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to investigating what can be learnt from these competitions. Do they really generate scientific progress? What are common and successful participation strategies? What makes a solution superior to a competing method? To address this gap in the literature, we performed a multicenter study with all 80 competitions that were conducted in the scope of IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021. Statistical analyses performed based on comprehensive descriptions of the submitted algorithms linked to their rank as well as the underlying participation strategies revealed common characteristics of winning solutions. These typically include the use of multi-task learning (63%) and/or multi-stage pipelines (61%), and a focus on augmentation (100%), image preprocessing (97%), data curation (79%), and post-processing (66%). The “typical” lead of a winning team is a computer scientist with a doctoral degree, five years of experience in biomedical image analysis, and four years of experience in deep learning. Two core general development strategies stood out for highly-ranked teams: the reflection of the metrics in the method design and the focus on analyzing and handling failure cases. According to the organizers, 43% of the winning algorithms exceeded the state of the art but only 11% completely solved the respective domain problem. The insights of our study could help researchers (1) improve algorithm development strategies when approaching new problems, and (2) focus on open research questions revealed by this work.

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Clustering big data for novel health care system

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2587卷

作者： R. Saravanakumar S. P. Maniraj Anindita Das Barshan Santanu Das Hasibul Hasan Malik Bader Alazzam Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Dayananda Sagar Academy of Technology and Management Bangalore India Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Campus Tamilnadu Chennai India Dept. of Medicine Dhaka Medical College Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Dept. of Biotechnology Seshadripuram First Grade College Yelahanka New Town Bangalore India Dept. of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology Islamic University Bangladesh Faculty of Computer Science and Informatics Amman Arab University Jordan

In research, the relevance of data science in health care is being explored. It has been proposed that the health-care sector benefit from a Nutrition Prescription System. In the proposed model, the Map Reduce, Enhanced K-Mean clustering technique was used. Actual datasets are represented by rectangular rectangles, which contain the health care centre dataset and frequency dataset generated by the map reduction method. Operations in original data flow are represented by the elliptical boxes. Patients will be able to use this technique to access specific and specialized health care institution. As a consequence, consumers will get better services that are tailored to their specific requirements. Patients would have secure access to planned system because of backup facilities. Because diagnosis has no side effects, the concept of nutrition prescription system is better than that of medicine prescription system. In suggested dietary prescription system, patient selects symptoms. The patient is provided information on his nutritional deficits, requirements and food supply. In addition, the patient is provided additional nutritional data stored in an unstructured dataset. The outcome was derived from the data set. In milliseconds, the report also shows the time spent on traditional and contemporary duties.

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Unraveling the Role of Boron Dimers in the Electrical Anisotropy and Superconductivity in Boron-Doped Diamond

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Sobaszek, Michal Kwon, Soonho Winiarski, Michal Rutkowski, Bogdan Ryl, Jacek Klimczuk, Tomasz Wang, Dongying Li, Xinwei Bockrath, Marc Bogdanowicz, Robert Goddard, William A. Gdańsk University of Technology Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics 11/12 Narutowicza Str. 80-233 Poland Materials and Process Simulation Center California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd. CA91125 United States Gdańsk University of Technology Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics and Advanced Materials Centre Department of Solid State Physics 11/12 Narutowicza Str. Gdańsk80-233 Poland Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science AGH University of Krakow Al. A. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland Advanced Materials Center Gdańsk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 Gdańsk80-233 Poland Department of Physics The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States

We use quantum mechanics (QM) to determine the states formed by B dopants in diamond. We find that isolated B sites prefer to form BB dimers and that the dimers pair up to form tetramers (BBCBB) that prefer to aggregate parallel to the (111) surface in the direction, one double layer below the H-terminated surface double layer. These tetramers lead to metallic character (Mott metal Insulator Transition) with holes in the valence band near the Γ point and electrons in the BBCBB tetramer promoted band along the X direction. Our experiments find very significant anisotropy in the superconductivity for boron-doped diamond thin films prepared with Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition using deuterium-rich plasma. This leads to much higher conductivity in the X direction than the Y direction, as predicted by the QM. This phase transition to the anomalous phase is linked with the emergence of boson quantum entanglement states behaving as a bosonic insulating state. These anisotropic superconducting properties of the diamond film might enable applications such as single-photon detectors. We expect that this formation of a dirty superconductivity state is related to the BBCBB tetramers found in our QM calculations. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dimers

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Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) in mapping soil temperature and humidity 22

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) in mapping soil temperature ...

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22nd International Scientific Conference on Progress of Mechanical engineering Supported by Information Technology, POLSITA 2019

作者： Sikora, Jakub Gliniak, MacIej Sadowska, Urszula Klimek-Kopyra, Agnieszka Latawiec, Agnieszka Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Informatics University of Agriculture in Krakow Poland Institute of Machinery Exploitation Ergonomics and Production Processes University of Agriculture in Krakow Poland Institute of Plant Production Faculty of Agriculture and Economy University of Agriculture in Krakow Poland Department of Production Organization Logistics and Applied Computer Science University of Agriculture in Krakow Poland

The article presents the possibilities of using time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to determine the temperature and moisture content of mineral soil. The TDR method is based on measuring the time of an electromagnetic impulse's flow between the source and the obstacle. The reflected signal contains information about the dielectric properties of the tested material, allowing to determine the qualitative and quantitative properties of the material. The tests in question were carried out using a mobile reflectometric device as an electronic temperature and humidity meter. On the basis of the obtained results, the usefulness of reflectometric methods in the study of the temperature and moisture content of mineral soil was determined. © 2019 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.

关键词： Soil temperature

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Optimizing novel thermal energy storage systems: Enhancing melting efficiency with tubes, stands, and advanced machine learning techniques

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Journal of Energy Storage 2025年 124卷

作者： Almadhor, Ahmad Basem, Ali Singh, Pradeep Kumar Othman, Nashwan Adnan Samad, Sarminah Alhomayani, Fahad M. Abduvalieva, Dilsora Ali, H. Elhosiny Akram, Muhammad Afzal, Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering Warith Al-Anbiyaa University Karbala56001 Iraq Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Engineering & Technology GLA University U.P. Mathura281406 India Department of Computer Engineering College of Engineering Knowledge University Erbil44001 Iraq Department of Computer Engineering Al-Kitab University Altun Kupri Iraq Department of Management College of Business Administration Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia College of Computers and Information Technology Taif University Saudi Arabia Applied College Taif University Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Information Technologies Tashkent State Pedagogical University Bunyodkor avenue 27 Tashkent100070 Uzbekistan Physics Department Faculty of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia Faculty of Design Informatics and Business University of Abertay Scotland Dundee United Kingdom Department of Industrial Engineering College of Engineering University of Business and Technology Jeddah21361 Saudi Arabia

The transition to renewable energy is crucial to meet growing global energy demands while minimizing environmental impact. Solar energy, a leading renewable source, faces limitations due to its intermittent nature, making energy storage systems essential for continuous supply. Thermal energy storage systems (TESSs) provide a compelling solution, especially by utilizing latent heat storage with phase change materials (PCMs), which efficiently store large amounts of energy. However, PCM-based systems suffer from low thermal conductivity and weak heat transfer performance. Numerous techniques to amend the thermal conductivity of PCMs, whether applied individually or together, show promise for improving the efficiency of TESSs. However, challenges like increased viscosity, decreased latent heat capacity, high costs, and complex manufacturing often limit their practical use. Thus, it is crucial to investigate more straightforward and more cost-effective solutions, like incorporating extended surfaces into the PCM container. In this study, a novel approach is taken to ameliorate the heat transfer surface area in TESSs by incorporating tubes and stands inside the PCM container rather than relying on conventional fins. A new compact TESS design was introduced, featuring fixed tubes supported by aluminum-made stands. Two artificial neural networks (ANN) models were trained with input parameters, including the length of the vertical stands, horizontal stands, and tilted stands, to anticipate the half-melting time and complete melting time of the PCM. In the end, two optimal designs of O-TESS1 and O-TESS2 were proposed by a single-objective optimization, focusing on minimizing the half and complete melting times of the PCM, respectively. A multi-objective optimization was also performed to balance the mentioned objectives. Using the generated data, a Pareto front and TOPSIS-selected designs were developed to visualize the trade-offs between these competing objectives. It took

关键词： Solar heating

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Placental Vessel Segmentation and Registration in Fetoscopy: Literature Review and MICCAI FetReg2021 Challenge Findings

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bano, Sophia Casella, Alessandro Vasconcelos, Francisco Qayyum, Abdul Benzinou, Abdesslam Mazher, Moona Meriaudeau, Fabrice Lena, Chiara Cintorrino, Ilaria Anita De Paolis, Gaia Romana Biagioli, Jessica Grechishnikova, Daria Jiao, Jing Bai, Bizhe Qiao, Yanyan Bhattarai, Binod Gaire, Rebati Raman Subedi, Ronast Vazquez, Eduard Plotka, Szymon Lisowska, Aneta Sitek, Arkadiusz Attilakos, George Wimalasundera, Ruwan David, Anna L. Paladini, Dario Deprest, Jan De Momi, Elena Mattos, Leonardo S. Moccia, Sara Stoyanov, Danail Department of Computer Science University College London United Kingdom Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Italy The BioRobotics Institute Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Italy Fetal Medicine Unit Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing University College London Hospital United Kingdom EGA Institute for Women's Health Faculty of Population Health Sciences University College London United Kingdom Department of Development and Regeneration University Hospital Leuven Belgium Department of Fetal and Perinatal Medicine Istituto Giannina Gaslini Italy ENIB UMR CNRS 6285 LabSTICC 29238 France Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics University Rovira i Virgili Spain ImViA Laboratory University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté France Physics Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia Fudan University China Medical Computer Vision and Robotics Group Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences University of Toronto Canada Co. Ltd China NepAL Applied Mathematics and Informatics Institute for Research Nepal Redev Technology United Kingdom Sano Center for Computational Medicine Poland Quantitative Healthcare Analysis Group Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Center for Advanced Medical Computing and Simulation Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States

Fetoscopy laser photocoagulation is a widely adopted procedure for treating Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS). The procedure involves photocoagulation pathological anastomoses to restore a physiological blood exchange among twins. The procedure is particularly challenging, from the surgeon's side, due to the limited field of view, poor manoeuvrability of the fetoscope, poor visibility due to amniotic fluid turbidity, and variability in illumination. These challenges may lead to increased surgery time and incomplete ablation of pathological anastomoses, resulting in persistent TTTS. computer-assisted intervention (CAI) can provide TTTS surgeons with decision support and context awareness by identifying key structures in the scene and expanding the fetoscopic field of view through video mosaicking. Research in this domain has been hampered by the lack of high-quality data to design, develop and test CAI algorithms. Through the Fetoscopic Placental Vessel Segmentation and Registration (FetReg2021) challenge, which was organized as part of the MICCAI2021 Endoscopic Vision (EndoVis) challenge, we released the first large-scale multi-center TTTS dataset for the development of generalized and robust semantic segmentation and video mosaicking algorithms with a focus on creating drift-free mosaics from long duration fetoscopy videos. For this challenge, we released a dataset of 2060 images, pixel-annotated for vessels, tool, fetus and background classes, from 18 in-vivo TTTS fetoscopy procedures and 18 short video clips of an average length of 411 frames for developing placental scene segmentation and frame registration for mosaicking techniques. Seven teams participated in this challenge and their model performance was assessed on an unseen test dataset of 658 pixel-annotated images from 6 fetoscopic procedures and 6 short clips. The challenge provided an opportunity for creating generalized solutions for fetoscopic scene understanding and mosaicking. In this paper,

关键词： Pixels

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