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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Xuan Wang, Limei Helwig, Jacob Luo, Youzhi Fu, Cong Xie, Yaochen Liu, Meng Lin, Yuchao Xu, Zhao Yan, Keqiang Adams, Keir Weiler, Maurice Li, Xiner Fu, Tianfan Wang, Yucheng Strasser, Alex Yu, Haiyang Xie, YuQing Fu, Xiang Xu, Shenglong Liu, Yi Du, Yuanqi Saxton, Alexandra Ling, Hongyi Lawrence, Hannah Stärk, Hannes Gui, Shurui Edwards, Carl Gao, Nicholas Ladera, Adriana Wu, Tailin Hofgard, Elyssa F. Tehrani, Aria Mansouri Wang, Rui Daigavane, Ameya Bohde, Montgomery Kurtin, Jerry Huang, Qian Phung, Tuong Xu, Minkai Joshi, Chaitanya K. Mathis, Simon V. Azizzadenesheli, Kamyar Fang, Ada Aspuru-Guzik, Alán Bekkers, Erik Bronstein, Michael Zitnik, Marinka Anandkumar, Anima Ermon, Stefano Liò, Pietro Yu, Rose Günnemann, Stephan Leskovec, Jure Ji, Heng Sun, Jimeng Barzilay, Regina Jaakkola, Tommi Coley, Connor W. Qian, Xiaoning Qian, Xiaofeng Smidt, Tess Ji, Shuiwang Department of Computer Science & Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United Kingdom AMLab University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Materials Science & Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY United States Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY United States Department of Computer Science Cornell University IthacaNY United States Department of Computer Science Technical University of Munich München Germany Department of Computer Science Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Nvidia Santa ClaraCA United States Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard University BostonMA United States Department of Computing & Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Computational Science Initiative Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY United States

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are fueling a new paradigm of discoveries in natural sciences. Today, AI has started to advance natural sciences by improving, accelerating, and enabling our understanding of natural phenomena at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, giving rise to a new area of research known as AI for science (AI4Science). Being an emerging research paradigm, AI4Science is unique in that it is an enormous and highly interdisciplinary area. Thus, a unified and technical treatment of this field is needed yet challenging. This work aims to provide a technically thorough account of a subarea of AI4Science;namely, AI for quantum, atomistic, and continuum systems. These areas aim at understanding the physical world from the subatomic (wavefunctions and electron density), atomic (molecules, proteins, materials, and interactions), to macro (fluids, climate, and subsurface) scales and form an important subarea of AI4Science. A unique advantage of focusing on these areas is that they largely share a common set of challenges, thereby allowing a unified and foundational treatment. A key common challenge is how to capture physics first principles, especially symmetries, in natural systems by deep learning methods. We provide an in-depth yet intuitive account of techniques to achieve equivariance to symmetry transformations. We also discuss other common technical challenges, including explainability, out-of-distribution generalization, knowledge transfer with foundation and large language models, and uncertainty quantification. To facilitate learning and education, we provide categorized lists of resources that we found to be useful. We strive to be thorough and unified and hope this initial effort may trigger more community interests and efforts to further advance AI4Science. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Obstacle Avoidance for Robot Movement in Warehouse Environments

Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Obstacle Avoidance for Rob...

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IEEE International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information technology (ICCASIT)

作者： Keqin Li Jiajing Chen Dezhi Yu Tao Dajun Xinyu Qiu Jieting Lian Ryan Ji Shengyuan Zhang Zhenyu Wan Baiwei Sun Bo Hong Fanghao Ni Jiaqi Han Department of Computer Science AMA University Quezon Philippines Courant Institute New York University 251 Mercer St New York NY USA School of Information University of California Berkeley University Avenue and Oxford St Berkeley CA United States Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA USA College of Engineering Northeastern University Seattle USA Master of Science in Database Technology School of Professional Studies New York University 50 West 4th Street New York NY USA College of Engineering Cornell University 616 Thurston Ave Ithaca NY US Master of Professional Science in Applied Statistics-Data Science College of Computing and Information Science Cornell University 616 Thurston Ave Ithaca NY USA Independent Researcher Beijing China Master of Computer Science Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences University of California Irvine 510 Aldrich Hall Irvine CA USA School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China

ISBN: (数字)9798350389418

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389425

This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning based on the warehouse environment, the mobile robot obstacle avoidance Algorithm. Firstly, the value function network is improved based on the pedestrian interaction. We can learn to obtain the relative importance of the current state and the historical trajectory state as well as the joint impact on the robot’s obstacle avoidance strategy. Secondly, the reward function of reinforcement learning is designed based on the spatial behaviour of pedestrians, and the robot is punished for the state where the angle changes too much, so as to achieve the requirement of comfortable obstacle avoidance. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the deep reinforcement learning-based mobile robot obstacle avoidance algorithm in the warehouse environment in the complex environment of the warehouse are verified through simulation experiments.

关键词： Legged locomotion Pedestrians Heuristic algorithms Robot sensing systems Feature extraction Trajectory Safety Data mining Collision avoidance Information technology

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Topological modes observed in Si photonics SSH integrated circuit

Topological modes observed in Si photonics SSH integrated ci...

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2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO/PR 2022

作者： Nakamura, R. Nakama, T. Balčytis, A. Ozawa, T. Ota, Y. Iwamoto, S. Ito, H. Baba, T. Dept of Electrical & Computer Eng. Yokohama National Univ. 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku Yokohama240-8501 Japan School of Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC3000 Australia Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku Univ. Sendai980-8577 Japan Dept. of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics Keio Univ. 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama223-8522 Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153-8904 Japan

We fabricated a sophisticated Si photonic integrated circuit for investigating topological photonics SSH model. In the selective excitation and observation of SSH coupled microrings, we observed the wavefunctions of e... 详细信息

关键词： Timing circuits

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Topological modes observed in Si photonics SSH integrated circuit

Topological modes observed in Si photonics SSH integrated ci...

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2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO-PR 2022

作者： Nakamura, R. Nakama, T. Balčytis, A. Ozawa, T. Ota, Y. Iwamoto, S. Ito, H. Baba, T. Dept of Electrical &Computer Eng. Yokohama National Univ. 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku Yokohama240-8501 Japan School of Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC3000 Australia Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku Univ. Sendai980-8577 Japan Dept. of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics Keio Univ. 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama223-8522 Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153-8904 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350012

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A survey on deep learning in medical image reconstruction

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Intelligent Medicine 2021年第3期1卷 118-127页

作者： Emmanuel Ahishakiye Martin Bastiaan Van Gijzen Julius Tumwiine Ruth Wario Johnes Obungoloch Department of Computer Science Kyambogo UniversityP.O Box 1KyambogoKampalaUganda Delft University of Technology Delft Institute of Applied MathematicsMekelweg 42628 CDthe Netherlands Department of Mathematics Mbarara University of Science and TechnologyMbarara 1410Uganda Department of Informatics University of Free StateSouth Africa Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Mbarara University of Science and TechnologyMbarara 1410Uganda

Medical image reconstruction aims to acquire high-quality medical images for clinical usage at minimal cost and risk to the *** learning and its applications in medical imaging,especially in image reconstruction have received considerable attention in the literature in recent *** study reviews records obtained elec-tronically through the leading scientific databases(Magnetic Resonance Imaging journal,Google Scholar,Scopus,Science Direct,Elsevier,and from other journal publications)searched using three sets of keywords:(1)Deep learning,image reconstruction,medical imaging;(2)Medical imaging,Deep learning,Image reconstruction;(3)Open science,Open imaging data,Open *** articles reviewed revealed that deep learning-based re-construction methods improve the quality of reconstructed images qualitatively and ***,deep learning techniques are generally computationally expensive,require large amounts of training datasets,lack decent theory to explain why the algorithms work,and have issues of generalization and *** challenge of lack of enough training datasets is currently being addressed by using transfer learning techniques.

关键词： Deep learning Open science Image reconstruction Medical imaging Machine Learning

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Hard hat wearing detection based on head keypoint localization

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wójcik, Bartosz Zarski, Mateusz Ksiązek, Kamil Miszczak, Jaroslaw A. Skibniewski, Miroslaw J. Faculty of Civil Engineering Silesian University of Technology Poland Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics Polish Academy of Sciences Poland Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology Poland Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Maryland College Park United States

In recent years, a lot of attention is paid to deep learning methods in the context of vision-based construction site safety systems. However, still there is no reliable way to establish the relationship between supervised construction workers and their basic personal protective equipment, like hard hats. To address this problem, a novel deep learning method combining object detection, keypoint localization, and simple rule-based reasoning is proposed in this article. In tests, this solution surpassed the previous methods based on the relative bounding box position of different instances, as well as direct detection of hard hat wearers and non-wearers. Achieving MS COCO style overall AP of 67.5% compared to 66.4% and 66.3% achieved by the above-mentioned approaches, with class specific AP for hard hat non-wearers of 64.1% compared to 63.0% and 60.3%. The results show that the conjunction of deep learning methods with humanly-interpretable rule-based algorithm is better suited for detection of hard hat non-wearers. Code is available at barwojcik/hard-hats. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Object detection

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Soliton generation in AlGaAs microresonators at room temperature

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wu, Lue Xie, Weiqiang Xiang, Chao Chang, Lin Yu, Yan Chen, Hao-Jing Yamamoto, Yoshihisa Bowers, John E. Vahala, Kerry J. Suh, Myoung-Gyun T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Physics & Informatics Laboratories NTT Research Inc SunnyvaleCA94085 United States

Chip-integrated optical frequency combs are attractive optical sources in comb applications requiring high-repetition-rate, low power consumption, or compact size. Spontaneous soliton formation via Kerr parametric oscillation is a promising generation principle in these frequency combs, and has been demonstrated in several material platforms over the past decade. Of these materials, AlGaAs has one of the largest Kerr nonlinearity coefficients allowing low pump threshold comb generation. However, bright soliton generation using this material has only been possible at cryogenic temperature because of the large thermo-optic effect at room temperature, which hinders stable access to the soliton regime. Here, we report self-stabilized single soliton generation in AlGaAs microresonators at room temperature by utilizing a rising soliton step in large free-spectral-range resonators. With sub-milliWatt optical pump power, 1 THz repetition-rate soliton generation is demonstrated. Perfect soliton crystal formation and soliton breather states are also observed. Besides the advantages of large optical nonlinearity, the devices are natural candidates for integration with III-V pump lasers. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum gallium arsenide

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Crossing Roads of Federated Learning and Smart Grids: Overview, Challenges, and Perspectives

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bousbiat, Hafsa Bousselidj, Roumaysa Himeur, Yassine Amira, Abbes Bensaali, Faycal Fadli, Fodil Mansoor, Wathiq Elmenreich, Wilfried University of Applied Sciences Institut für Informatic Wiener Neustadt2700 Austria University of Skikda Department of Computer Science Mezghich Skikda21000 Algeria University of Dubai College of Engineering and Information Technology Dubai United Arab Emirates University of Sharjah College of Computing and Informatics Sharjah United Arab Emirates De Montfort University Leicester Institute of Artificial Intelligence United Kingdom Qatar University Department of Electrical Engineering Doha2713 Qatar Qatar University College of Engineering Department of Architecture and Urban Planning Doha2713 Qatar University of Klagenfurt Smart Grids Research Group Klagenfurt9020 Austria

Consumer’s privacy is a main concern in Smart Grids (SGs) due to the sensitivity of energy data, particularly when used to train machine learning models for different services. These data-driven models often require huge amounts of data to achieve acceptable performance leading in most cases to risks of privacy leakage. By pushing the training to the edge, Federated Learning (FL) offers a good compromise between privacy preservation and the predictive performance of these models. The current paper presents an overview of FL applications in SGs while discussing their advantages and drawbacks, mainly in load forecasting, electric vehicles, fault diagnoses, load disaggregation and renewable energies. In addition, an analysis of main design trends and possible taxonomies is provided considering data partitioning, the communication topology, and security mechanisms. Towards the end, an overview of main challenges facing this technology and potential future directions is presented. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Internet of Energy

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The ACROBAT 2022 challenge: Automatic registration of breast cancer tissue

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Medical Image Analysis 2024年 97卷 103257页

作者： Weitz, Philippe Valkonen, Masi Solorzano, Leslie Carr, Circe Kartasalo, Kimmo Boissin, Constance Koivukoski, Sonja Kuusela, Aino Rasic, Dusan Feng, Yanbo Pouplier, Sandra Sinius Sharma, Abhinav Eriksson, Kajsa Ledesma Robertson, Stephanie Marzahl, Christian Gatenbee, Chandler D. Anderson, Alexander R.A. Wodzinski, Marek Jurgas, Artur Marini, Niccolò Atzori, Manfredo Müller, Henning Budelmann, Daniel Weiss, Nick Heldmann, Stefan Lotz, Johannes Wolterink, Jelmer M. De Santi, Bruno Patil, Abhijeet Sethi, Amit Kondo, Satoshi Kasai, Satoshi Hirasawa, Kousuke Farrokh, Mahtab Kumar, Neeraj Greiner, Russell Latonen, Leena Laenkholm, Anne-Vibeke Hartman, Johan Ruusuvuori, Pekka Rantalainen, Mattias Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Insitutet Stockholm Sweden Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland Institute of Biomedicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland Department of Surgical Pathology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark Department of Oncology and Pathology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Gestalt Diagnostics Spokane United States Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa United States Informatics Institute University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Switzerland Department of Measurement and Electronics AGH University of Kraków Poland Department of Computer Science University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Department of Neuroscience University of Padova Italy Medical Faculty University of Geneva Switzerland Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS Lübeck Germany Department of Applied Mathematics Technical Medical Centre University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Multimodality Medical Imaging Technical Medical Centre University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India Graduate School of Engineering Muroran Institute of Technology Hokkaido Japan Faculty of Medical Technology Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan FORXAI Business Operations Konica Minolta Inc. Osaka Japan Department of Computing Science University of Alberta EdmontonAlberta United States Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute Edmonton Canada MedTechLabs BioClinicum Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland

The alignment of tissue between histopathological whole-slide-images (WSI) is crucial for research and clinical applications. Advances in computing, deep learning, and availability of large WSI datasets have revolutionised WSI analysis. Therefore, the current state-of-the-art in WSI registration is unclear. To address this, we conducted the ACROBAT challenge, based on the largest WSI registration dataset to date, including 4,212 WSIs from 1,152 breast cancer patients. The challenge objective was to align WSIs of tissue that was stained with routine diagnostic immunohistochemistry to its H&E-stained counterpart. We compare the performance of eight WSI registration algorithms, including an investigation of the impact of different WSI properties and clinical covariates. We find that conceptually distinct WSI registration methods can lead to highly accurate registration performances and identify covariates that impact performances across methods. These results provide a comparison of the performance of current WSI registration methods and guide researchers in selecting and developing methods. © 2024

关键词： Tissue

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Enhancing Global Sensitivity and Uncertainty Quantification in Medical Image Reconstruction with Monte Carlo Arbitrary-Masked Mamba

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Jiahao Yang, Liutao Wang, Fanwen Nan, Yang Wu, Weiwen Wang, Chengyan Shi, Kuangyu Aviles-Rivero, Angelica I. Schönlieb, Carola-Bibiane Zhang, Daoqiang Yang, Guang Department of Bioengineering and Imperial-X Imperial College London London United Kingdom National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London United Kingdom Cardiovascular Research Centre Royal Brompton Hospital London United Kingdom College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong China Human Phenome Institute Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Nuclear Medicine Inselspital University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom

Deep learning has been extensively applied in medical image reconstruction, where Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs) represent the predominant paradigms, each possessing distinct advantages and inherent limitations: CNNs exhibit linear complexity with local sensitivity, whereas ViTs demonstrate quadratic complexity with global sensitivity. The emerging Mamba has shown superiority in learning visual representation, which combines the advantages of linear scalability and global sensitivity. In this study, we introduce MambaMIR, an Arbitrary-Masked Mamba-based model with wavelet decomposition for joint medical image reconstruction and uncertainty estimation. A novel Arbitrary Scan Masking (ASM) mechanism "masks out" redundant information to introduce randomness for further uncertainty estimation. Compared to the commonly used Monte Carlo (MC) dropout, our proposed MC-ASM provides an uncertainty map without the need for hyperparameter tuning and mitigates the performance drop typically observed when applying dropout to low-level tasks. For further texture preservation and better perceptual quality, we employ the wavelet transformation into MambaMIR and explore its variant based on the Generative Adversarial Network, namely MambaMIR-GAN. Comprehensive experiments have been conducted for multiple representative medical image reconstruction tasks, demonstrating that the proposed MambaMIR and MambaMIR-GAN outperform other baseline and state-of-the-art methods in different reconstruction tasks, where MambaMIR achieves the best reconstruction fidelity and MambaMIR-GAN has the best perceptual quality. In addition, our MC-ASM provides uncertainty maps as an additional tool for clinicians, while mitigating the typical performance drop caused by the commonly used dropout. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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