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Zero Knowledge Proof on Top of Blockchain for Anonymous and Verifiable E-Voting System

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年 1-12页

作者： Sangraula, Purushottam Adhikari, Nanda Bikram Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Pulchowk Campus Institute of Engineering Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal

Electronic Voting Machines and online voting systems have been intermittently employed but have faced scrutiny due to concerns about transparency and verifiability. The methodology employed in this study ensures transparency through the integration of Blockchain and enhances verifiability by incorporating zk proofs. To safeguard the anonymity of voters, a zero-knowledge Merkle Membership Proof, utilizing zk-snarks, is applied. This ensures that only voters capable of providing the zk proof of membership from the designated set listed on the blockchain are eligible to cast their votes. To counteract potential issues related to double voting, the implementation of nullifiers becomes crucial. In this context, nullifiers are confidential phrases that are depleted upon the casting of a vote. The formation of ballots involves combining the voter’s preferences, obscured with removable randomness, and further encrypting them using RSA. This work introduces and analyzes several procedural modifications in the existing blockchain based voting systems with the aim to enhance the overall integrity, cost and security of the voting system. The implementation of this work enables voters to cast a vote with 1.6 million gas units with less than 4 s time duration. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2025.

关键词： Blockchain

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Prediction of Bandwidth of Metamaterial Antenna Using Pearson Kernel-Based Techniques

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3449-3467页

作者： Sherly Alphonse S.Abinaya Sourabh Paul School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India

The use of metamaterial enhances the performance of a specific class of antennas known as metamaterial *** radiation cost and quality factor of the antenna are influenced by the size of the *** antennas allow for the circumvention of the bandwidth restriction for small *** parameters have recently been predicted using machine learning algorithms in existing *** learning can take the place of the manual process of experimenting to find the ideal simulated antenna *** accuracy of the prediction will be primarily dependent on the model that is *** this paper,a novel method for forecasting the bandwidth of the metamaterial antenna is proposed,based on using the Pearson Kernel as a standard *** with these new approaches,this paper suggests a unique hypersphere-based normalization to normalize the values of the dataset attributes and a dimensionality reduction method based on the Pearson kernel to reduce the dimension.A novel algorithm for optimizing the parameters of Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)based on improved Bat Algorithm-based Optimization with Pearson Mutation(BAO-PM)is also presented in this *** prediction results of the proposed work are better when compared to the existing models in the literature.

关键词： Antenna pearson optimization bandwidth metamaterial

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A Survey on Logic-Locking Characteristics and Attacks

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2024年第4期105卷 1073-1087页

作者： Subbiah, Karthik Chinnathevar, Sujatha Electronics and Communication Engineering SSM Institute of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Dindigul India Computer Science and Engineering SSM Institute of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Dindigul India

Integrated circuits (ICs) are ubiquitous and a crucial component of electronic systems, from satellites and military hardware to consumer devices and cell phones. The computing system’s foundation of trust is the IC. Most semiconductor businesses are shifting to fabless manufacturing and outsourcing to foundries worldwide as integrated circuit feature sizes continue to decrease. That puts the design business at risk for several things, such as unauthorized overproduction, resale on the black market, and illegal copying brought on by intellectual property theft. Logic locks offer one solution in which the chip’s actual functioning is "locked" with a key only known to the inventor. The design will only function as intended if specific keys are pressed. Unlocking overproduced chips should be impossible for supply chain attackers since designers open them after manufacturing them. Logical locks against the risk of overproduction are the main subject of this research. We examine current locking systems, define features based on crucial processing, and identify commonalities and discrepancies between the employed attacker models. This research paper is intended to assist scientists, IP distributors, and SoC developers in rapidly investigating and comprehending the most recent technologies that should be considered and analyzed for additional research on logic-locking techniques. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Locks (fasteners)

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A novel Cosine-Cosine chaotic map-based video encryption scheme

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Journal of engineering and Applied Science 2024年第1期71卷 36页

作者： Kumari, Sweta Dua, Mohit Dua, Shelza Dhingra, Deepti Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India

The surge in online activities has led to the increasing popularity of sharing video data across diverse applications, including online education tutorials, social networking, video calling, and OTT platforms. Encryption prevents unauthorized access to the transmitted data over unreliable channels. The well-known features of chaos theory such as random behaviour, unpredictability, and initial parameters dependency facilitate its use in cryptography. Many security issues are faced by chaos-based cryptosystems because of their less complexity. Hence, a new Cosine-Cosine chaotic map characterized by intricate chaotic behaviour is designed in the current study. Additionally, we formulate an original video encryption scheme employing this Cosine-Cosine chaotic map. The encryption process involves five steps, beginning with the segmentation of the original video into frames based on its frame rate. In the second phase, a 384 bits pseudorandom key is generated that is further divided into three subkeys of 128 bits each. The novel Cosine-Cosine chaotic map-based sequence is generated. In the fourth step, red, green, and blue components are encrypted using the pseudorandom key and the chaotic sequence. In the last step, we combine encrypted frames to get cipher video. The security analysis validates that the proposed encryption protects against eavesdropping. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Cryptography

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Intelligent integrated sensing and communication:a survey

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 5-46页

作者： Jifa ZHANG Weidang LU Chengwen XING Nan ZHAO Naofal AL-DHAHIR George K.KARAGIANNIDIS Xiaoniu YANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep reinforcement learning federated learning generative artificial intelligence integrated sensing and communication machine learning transfer learning

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Analysis of channel capacity for UWB antenna for improvements in the data rates and low Power transmission over wireless application

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2024年第7期16卷 4343-4349页

作者： Bhopale, Nitin I. Pawar, Sunil N. Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Sanjivani College of Engineering National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) Chhattrapati Sambhaji Nagar Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering JNEC

Multiple input- Multiple output- Ultra-wideband (MIMO-UWB) is a wireless communication approach that combines multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver with ultra-wideband frequency spectra to increase data speeds, dependability and spatial diversity in communication systems. The purpose of this research is to study the hybridization of MIMO-UWB over the Rayleigh fading channel using various antenna designs. Convolution encoders are used to encode binary data. The bit interleaver records the encrypted data that is sent to the mapper. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform is used to handle information from Parallel subcarriers two,four, and eight. To prevent Inter symbol interference, a cyclic prefix is subsequently added. A Fast Fourier transform is used to synchronize signals after they are distorted and two, four, and eight antennas. The cyclic prefix is then deleted. Once the interleaving is done, the data received through various antennas are transformed into serial, demodulated, and decoded. Bit Error Rate (BER) and data rates are used to assess the hybridization system for MIMO-UWB sectorial antenna designs of 2x2,4x4, and *** results obtained indicate that both traditional MIMO and combined MIMO-UWB have higher data rates as SNR increases, with hybridized MIMO-UWB having higher data rates than conventional MIMO and achieving low transmission power. In the same way, hybridized MIMO-UWB yields lower BER values than standard MIMO. This suggests that hybrid MIMO-UWB outperforms traditional MIMO in terms of Rayleigh fading. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's institute of computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： Bit error rate (BER) Multiple input- multiple output (MIMO) Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) Rayleigh fading Ultra-wideband antenna (UWB)

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Analytical Formulation and Numerical Investigation of Electromechanical Dynamics in Circular Biconvex Diaphragm Capacitive Pressure Sensor

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 18867-18875页

作者： Rukshana Bi, Gajula Motwani, Mayank Jindal, Sumit Kumar Vellore Institute of Technology School of Electronics Engineering Vellore632014 India Vellore Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore632014 India

Capacitive pressure sensors (CPSs) have attracted considerable interest due to their high sensitivity, low energy consumption, and potential for miniaturization, making them suitable for applications in automotive systems, consumer electronics, and industrial automation. The conventional designs of CPSs often face challenges such as limited sensitivity, mechanical instability, and difficulties in achieving increased sensitivity. This study presents a biconvex diaphragm using silicon, featuring a gradual thickness variation, with a maximum thickness at the center. This article offers a mathematical analysis of the sensor, featuring step-by-step derivations for parameters such as the maximum thickness of the diaphragm, working range, capacitance, and capacitive sensitivity. Finally, curves of capacitance and capacitive sensitivity with pressure are obtained in MATLAB, and the results are compared with those of prior works. The proposed sensor shows a more than threefold increase in capacitance and a nearly double improvement in capacitive sensitivity compared to the highest previously reported double touch mode capacitive pressure sensor (DTMCPS). The deflection of the diaphragm is obtained using COMSOL. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： MATLAB

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Realizing the potential of Internet of Things (IoT) in Industrial applications

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-16页

作者： Rathi, Bharat Thapaswi, S. Kambhampati, Meghana Jain, Vineet Akshay, P. Pandey, Trilok Nath Pradhan, Sunil Kumar School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai600127 India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai600127 India

The Internet of Things (IoT), which enables seamless connectivity and effective data exchange between physical items and digital systems, has completely changed the way we interact with our surroundings. This study evaluates IoT applications in healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and smart cities, highlighting advancements, opportunities, and challenges. Using a systematic literature review and case study analysis, it identifies essential IoT components, including sensors, communication protocols, data analytics, and security methods. Key findings demonstrate IoT's potential to enhance healthcare through real-time monitoring and cost reduction, optimize transportation systems for resource efficiency, improve agricultural productivity via precision farming, and enable sustainable urban development in smart cities. However, challenges like data privacy, interoperability, and scalability remain critical barriers to widespread adoption. This study underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to address these challenges and unlock IoT's full potential. It provides actionable insights and future directions for realizing a connected, efficient, and sustainable IoT-driven future. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Precision agriculture

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Joint Rain Streaks & Haze Removal Network for Object Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4683-4702页

作者： Ragini Thatikonda Prakash Kodali Ramalingaswamy Cheruku Eswaramoorthy K.V Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal506004India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal506004India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information TechnologyDesign and ManufacturingKurnool518008India

In the realm of low-level vision tasks,such as image deraining and dehazing,restoring images distorted by adverse weather conditions remains a significant *** emergence of abundant computational resources has driven the dominance of deep Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs),supplanting traditional methods reliant on prior ***,the evolution of CNN architectures has tended towards increasing complexity,utilizing intricate structures to enhance performance,often at the expense of computational *** response,we propose the Selective Kernel Dense Residual M-shaped Network(SKDRMNet),a flexible solution adept at balancing computational efficiency with network accuracy.A key innovation is the incorporation of an M-shaped hierarchical structure,derived from the U-Net framework as M-Network(M-Net),within which the Selective Kernel Dense Residual Module(SDRM)is introduced to reinforce multi-scale semantic feature *** methodology employs two sampling techniques-bilinear and pixel unshuffled and utilizes a multi-scale feature fusion approach to distil more robust spatial feature map *** the reconstruction phase,feature maps of varying resolutions are seamlessly integrated,and the extracted features are effectively merged using the Selective Kernel Fusion Module(SKFM).Empirical results demonstrate the comprehensive superiority of SKDRMNet across both synthetic and real rain and haze datasets.

关键词： Image deraining Selective Dense Residual Module(SDRM) Selective Kernel Fusion Module(SKFM) Selective KernelDense Residual M-Shaped Network(SKDRMNet)

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An amalgamation of integrated features with DeepSpeech2 architecture and improved spell corrector for improving Gujarati language ASR system

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International Journal of Speech Technology 2024年第1期27卷 87-99页

作者： Dua, Mohit Bhagat, Bhavesh Dua, Shelza Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India Department of Electronics Communication and Engineering Punjab Engineering College Chandigarh India

Automatic Speech Recognition systems that convert language into written text have greatly transformed human–machine interaction. Although these systems have achieved results, in languages building accurate and reliable ASR models for low resource languages like Gujarati comes with significant challenges. Gujarati lacks data and linguistic resources, making developing high-performance ASR systems quite difficult. In this paper, we propose an approach to enhance the effectiveness of a Gujarati ASR model despite resources. We achieve this by incorporating integrated features such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (GFCC) utilizing the DeepSpeech2 architecture and implementing an improved spell correction technique based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) algorithm. Our approach has demonstrated superiority over previous state-of-the-art methodologies through testing and evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method consistently reduces the Word Error Rate (WER) by 10–12 percentage points compared to the existing work, surpassing the most significant improvement of 5.87%. Our findings demonstrate the viability of developing accurate and dependable ASR systems for languages with limited resources, such as Gujarati. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Character recognition

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