Current user interface builders provide only low-level assistance, because they have knowledge of neither the application, nor the principles by which interface elements are combined effectively. We have developed a f...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9051991339
Current user interface builders provide only low-level assistance, because they have knowledge of neither the application, nor the principles by which interface elements are combined effectively. We have developed a framework that unites the knowledge components essential for effective user interface presentation design. The framework consists of an application model (both a data model and a control model), a design process model that supports top-down iterative development, and graphic design knowledge that is used both to place dialog box elements such that their application dependent logical relationships are visually reinforced and to control design symmetry and balance. To demonstrate the framework's viability, we have constructed a tool based on encapsulated design knowledge that establishes high-level style preferences and provides expert assistance for the dialog box presentation design and menu structuring.
A specific class of multimedia applications is expected to be of importance for future communication networks: multi-party interactive multimedia (MIM). Based on the isolation and characterization of MIM applications,...
详细信息
A specific class of multimedia applications is expected to be of importance for future communication networks: multi-party interactive multimedia (MIM). Based on the isolation and characterization of MIM applications, concrete network support requirements are derived. The varying degree of connectivity, the vastly different sizes in terms of participants and the reliance on a guaranteed quality of service make MIM support a difficult problem. Starting with the definition of multimedia communication abstractions, principles of solutions are sketched. For an important subclass of applications, a particularly efficient and practicable alternative implementation based on half-duplex channels is introduced. Interfaces at both the transport and network layers are also considered.< >
Most of the solutions proposed to support guaranteed performance communication services in a packet-switching network adopt a connection-oriented and reservation-oriented approach. In this approach, the resource alloc...
详细信息
Most of the solutions proposed to support guaranteed performance communication services in a packet-switching network adopt a connection-oriented and reservation-oriented approach. In this approach, the resource allocation and route selection decisions are made during connection establishment on the basis of the current resource availability and real-time network load, and are usually kept for the duration of the connection's life time. However, such an approach shows two major limitations: first, the communication service provided is usually fixed, with limited or no capability of adapting to dynamic changes in the clients' requirements; second, a low utilization of the network may be observed. In the paper, the authors present a flexible management scheme that allows graceful adaptation of guaranteed performance service connections. Mechanisms have been devised to allow changing of the trade and performance parameters of a real-time connection during its lifetime. These mechanisms, together with an adaptation policy, can make more efficient use of the network resources by performing cooperative, consenting, high-level multiplexing. the authors distinguish between two types of adaptation: client initiated adaptation and network initiated adaptation. They give examples for both types and present results from simulation experiments to show the effectiveness of the approach.< >
The authors discuss the application of fuzzy set theory to a personnel evaluation procedure. The effectiveness of fuzzy concepts and methods depends on the approach used for the analysis of organizational issues. The ...
详细信息
The authors discuss the application of fuzzy set theory to a personnel evaluation procedure. The effectiveness of fuzzy concepts and methods depends on the approach used for the analysis of organizational issues. The current process for evaluating potential candidates for higher positions in the company hierarchy is managed by a procedure which comprises three important aspects: organizational relationships, rating sheets, and operating rules. The goal of the present research was to modify neither the organizational aspects nor the rating sheet, but to focus only on the meaning of the ratings. Fuzzy concepts and operators are used to interpret the meanings attributed to the items by each evaluator and to propose a procedure for rating aggregation. The main result is a multiple ranking. The decision-maker can use the multiple ranking of the candidates to choose the most appropriate criterion according to the strategy of the company and to the specific management issues. In this way the decision-maker can easily adapt the criterion of ideal candidate to different environmental situations.< >
Si(111) wafers, cut at angles between 0° and 5° in the [112̄] direction, were prepared by a standard RCA cleaning process followed by a rinse in HF/NH4F solutions with different pH values. Si–SiO2 structure...
Si(111) wafers, cut at angles between 0° and 5° in the [112̄] direction, were prepared by a standard RCA cleaning process followed by a rinse in HF/NH4F solutions with different pH values. Si–SiO2 structures were formed on these surfaces by a two‐step low‐temperature plasma‐assisted oxidation/deposition process, and compared with interfaces formed by thermal oxidation, followed by rapid thermal annealing. The Si(111)–SiO2 interface, subjected to predeposition rinse in a 40 wt. % NH4F solution, displayed a midgap interface trap density Dit of ∼4×1010 cm−2 eV−1. The Dit values increased systematically up to ∼2×1011 cm−2 eV−1 as the pH of the final rinse was decreased. Using a second‐harmonic generation pumped at 1053 nm, the influence of off‐axis orientation and surface structure of Si(111) surfaces was examined. The surface structure was modified by thermal oxidation at 850 °C, annealing at temperatures in the range of 900–1100 °C, and removing the oxide in a HF solution. Changes in the characteristic rotational anisotropy are analyzed using harmonic functions reflecting the onefold and threefold symmetry of vicinal Si(111) surfaces, and are compared with changes in the thermal oxide Dit values on annealing.
Traditional models of input work on the assumption that inputs delivered to a system are fairly certain to have occurred as they are reported. However, a number of new input modalities, such as pen-based inputs, hand ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0897915496
Traditional models of input work on the assumption that inputs delivered to a system are fairly certain to have occurred as they are reported. However, a number of new input modalities, such as pen-based inputs, hand and body gesture inputs, and voice input, do not share this property. Inputs under these techniques are normally acquired by a process of recognition. As a result, each of these techniques makes mistakes and provides inputs which are approximate or uncertain. This paper considers some preliminry techniques for dialog management in the presence of this uncertainty. These techniques—including a new input model and a set of extended state machine abstractions—will explicitly model uncertainty and handle it as a normal and expected part of the input process.
暂无评论