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Higher-order moments of the elliptic flow distribution in PbPb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2024年第2期2024卷 1-45页

作者： Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J.W. Bergauer, T. Chatterjee, S. Damanakis, K. Dragicevic, M. Escalante Del Valle, A. Hussain, P.S. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. Mikulec, I. Paulitsch, P. Pitters, F.M. Schieck, J. Schöfbeck, R. Schwarz, D. Sonawane, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C.-E. Darwish, M.R. Janssen, T. Kello, T. Rejeb Sfar, H. Van Mechelen, P. Bols, E.S. D’Hondt, J. De Moor, A. Delcourt, M. El Faham, H. Lowette, S. Moortgat, S. Morton, A. Müller, D. Sahasransu, A.R. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Vannerom, D. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Favart, L. Hohov, D. Jaramillo, J. Lee, K. Mahdavikhorrami, M. Makarenko, I. Malara, A. Paredes, S. Pétré, L. Postiau, N. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Dobur, D. Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Mestdach, G. Rendón, C. Samalan, A. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Van Den Bossche, N. Vermassen, B. Wezenbeek, L. Benecke, A. Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Donertas, I.S. Giammanco, A. Jaffel, K. Jain, Sa. Lemaitre, V. Mondal, K. Taliercio, A. Tran, T.T. Vischia, P. Wertz, S. Alves, G.A. Coelho, E. Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Rebello Teles, P. Aldá Júnior, W.L. Alves Gallo Pereira, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. Brandao Malbouisson, H. Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Da Costa, E.M. Da Silveira, G.G. De Jesus Damiao, D. Dos Santos Sousa, V. Fonseca De Souza, S. Martins, J. Mora Herrera, C. Mota Amarilo, K. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S.M. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Vilela Pereira, A. Bernardes, C.A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T.R. Gregores, E.M. Mercadante, P.G. Novaes, S.F. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Shumka, E. Thakur, S. Cheng, T. Javaid, T. Mittal, M. Yuan, L. Ahmad, M. Bauer, G. Hu, Z. Lezki, S. Yi, K. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, M. Iemmi, F. Jiang, C.H. Kapoor, A. Liao, H. Liu, Z.-A. Milosevic, V. Monti, F. Sharma, R. Tao, J. Thomas-Wilsker Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7 D Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) — Fudan University Shanghai China Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Charles University Prague Czech Republic Escuela Politecnica Nacional Quito Ecuador Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics Cairo Egypt Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU) Fayoum University El-Fayoum Egypt National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia Department of Physics

The hydrodynamic flow-like behavior of charged hadrons in high-energy lead-lead collisions is studied through multiparticle correlations. The elliptic anisotropy values based on different orders of multiparticle cumulants, v₂{2k}, are measured up to the tenth order (k = 5) as functions of the collision centrality at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of s_NN = 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb⁻¹. A hierarchy is observed between the coefficients, with v₂{2} > v₂{4} ≳ v₂{6} ≳ v₂{8} ≳ v₂{10}. Based on these results, centrality-dependent moments for the fluctuation-driven event-by-event v₂ distribution are determined, including the skewness, kurtosis and, for the first time, superskewness. Assuming a hydrodynamic expansion of the produced medium, these moments directly probe the initial-state geometry in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Event-by-Event fluctuation Harmonic Flow Heavy Ion Experiments Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics

Study of the solar modulation for the cosmic ray isotopes with the PAMELA experiment 37

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Study of the solar modulation for the cosmic ray isotopes wi...

37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Lenni, Alex Boezio, M. Munini, R. Menn, W. Marcelli, N. Potgieter, M.S. Bisschoff, D. Ngobeni, M.D. Aslam, O.P.M. Adriani, O. Barbarino, G.C. Bazilevskaya, G.A. Bellotti, R. Bogomolov, E.A. Bongi, M. Bonvicini, V. Bruno, A. Cafagna, F. Campana, D. Carlson, P. Casolino, M. Castellini, G. De Santis, C. Galper, A.M. Koldashov, S.V. Koldobskiy, S. Kvashnin, A.N. Leonov, A.A. Malakhov, V.V. Marcelli, L. Martucci, M. Mayorov, A.G. Merge, M. Mikhailov, V.V. Mocchiutti, E. Monaco, A. Mori, N. Osteria, G. Panico, B. Papini, P. Pearce, M. Picozza, P. Ricci, M. Ricciarini, S.B. Simon, M. Sotgiu, A. Sparvoli, R. Spillantini, P. Stozhkov, Y.I. Vacchi, A. Vannuccini, E. Vasilyev, G.I. Voronov, S.A. Yurkin, Y.T. Zampa, G. Zampa, N. Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics University of Kiel KielD-24118 Germany Centre for Space Research North-West University Potchefstroom2520 South Africa University of Florence Department of Physics Florence Sesto FiorentinoI-50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Florence Florence Sesto FiorentinoI-50019 Italy University of Naples "Federico II" Department of Physics NaplesI-80126 Italy INFN Sezione di Naples NaplesI-80126 Italy Lebedev Physical Institute MoscowRU-119991 Russia University of Bari Department of Physics BariI-70126 Italy INFN Sezione di Bari BariI-70126 Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste TriesteI-34149 Italy IFPU - Institute of Fundamental Physics of the Universe TriesteI-34151 Italy Ioffe Physical Technical Institute St. PetersburgRU-194021 Russia KTH Department of Physics The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics AlbaNova University Centre StockholmSE-10691 Sweden INFN Sezione di Rome "Tor Vergata" RomeI-00133 Italy RIKEN EUSO team Global Research Cluster Saitama Wako-shi Japan IFAC Florence Sesto FiorentinoI-50019 Italy MEPhI: National Research Nuclear University MEPhI MoscowRU-115409 Russia University of Trieste Department of Physics TriesteI-34127 Italy University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Department of Physics RomeI-00133 Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Via Enrico Fermi 40 FrascatiI-00044 Italy University of Siegen Department of Physics SiegenD-57068 Germany Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Fosso del cavaliere 100 RomaI-00133 Italy University of Udine Department of Mathematics Computer Science and Physics Via delle Scienze Udine206 Italy

The space-borne PAMELA experiment was launched on the 15th June 2006 on board the Russian satellite Resurs-DK1 from the Baikonur cosmodrome. PAMELA performed high-precision measurements of cosmic rays over a wide energy range until January 2016. Owing to its long-duration operation, PAMELA had turned out to be an optimal detecting apparatus for studies of the solar modulation of cosmic rays over time. The PAMELA collaboration has already published time-dependent proton, helium and electron spectra as well as the positron to electron ratio spanning almost an entire solar cycle. These results are fundamentally important in the fine-tuning of propagation and modulation models of cosmic rays through the Heliosphere. In this talk, the yearly average spectra for protons, deuterons, Helium-3 and Helium-4 nuclei are presented for the 23rd solar minimum (July 2006 - January 2009) and the first part of the 24th solar maximum (until September 2014). The isotopic composition was measured between 0.1 and 1.1 GeV/n using two different detector systems. As expected, the measured spectra display a rising trend towards the solar minimum followed by a decreasing trend as the solar maximum approaches. The time-dependent ratio of these isotopes is also presented. According to solar modulation studies, a non-constant ratio is expected due to the different charge-to-mass ratios and the different shapes of the respective local interstellar spectra. Additionally, it is of interest to analyze the observed spectra and ratios with state-of-the-art solar modulation models to obtain a deeper understanding of the relative importance of the mechanisms responsible for the propagation of cosmic rays in the Heliosphere over time. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

Inferring, predicting, and denoising causal wave dynamics

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Karlbauer, Matthias Otte, Sebastian Lensch, Hendrik P.A. Scholten, Thomas Wulfmeyer, Volker Butz, Martin V. University of Tübingen – Neuro-Cognitive Modeling Group Sand 14 Tübingen72076 Germany University of Tübingen – Computer Graphics Maria-von-Linden-Straße 6 Tübingen72076 Germany University of Tübingen – Soil Science and Geomorphology Rümelinstraße 19-23 Tübingen72070 Germany University of Hohenheim Institute for Physics and Meteorology Garbenstraße 30 Stuttgart70599 Germany

The novel DISTributed Artificial neural Network Architecture (DISTANA) is a generative, recurrent graph convolution neural network. It implements a grid or mesh of locally parameterizable laterally connected network modules. DISTANA is specifically designed to identify the causality behind spatially distributed, non-linear dynamical processes. We show that DISTANA is very well-suited to denoise data streams, given that re-occurring patterns are observed, significantly outperforming alternative approaches, such as temporal convolution networks and ConvLSTMs, on a complex spatial wave propagation benchmark. It produces stable and accurate closed-loop predictions even over hundreds of time steps. Moreover, it is able to effectively filter noise—an ability that can be improved further by applying denoising autoencoder principles or by actively tuning latent neural state activities retrospectively. Results confirm that DISTANA is ready to model real-world spatio-temporal dynamics such as brain imaging, supply networks, water flow, or soil and weather data patterns. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mesh generation

Theoretical Framework of Smart Intellectual Property Office in Developing Countries

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Procedia computer science 2019年 161卷 994-1001页

作者： Yoga Prihastomo Raymond Kosala Suhono Harso Supangkat Benny Ranti Agung Trisetyarso Doctor of Computer Science - Bina Nusantara University Jl. Kebon Jeruk Raya No. 27 Jakarta 11480 Indonesia School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics - Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. II Lebak Siliwangi Bandung 40132 Indonesia

Rapid ICT development, globalization challenges, intellectual property (IP) as indicators of economic development, and the challenge are the patentability of computer-implemented inventions and artificial intelligence implications for the IP Office (IPO) to transform from the digital paradigm to the smart paradigm. Nevertheless, because of the lack of literature on the smart IPO framework, we refer to smart government and smart city framework. The aim of this paper is to propose a framework for smart IPO in developing countries in the context of smart city framework. The study found that smart IPO composed of several components such as 1) Smart IPO Model; 2) Smart IPO Enterprise Architecture; 3) Smart IPO Collaboration Model; 4) Smart IPO Development Model; 5) Smart IPO Measurement Model; 6) Smart IPO Standard; and 7) Smart IPO Services. It also found that there are four models of IP office as follows: Model 1 (basic web-based, public services); Model 2 (advanced internal administration); Model 3 (full process automation); and Model 4 (knowledge-based IP services). Moreover, we found also three stages of IP development model: Stage 1 (automation of internal processes); Stage 2 (web-based e-services); Stage 3 (e-dossier, e-filing, e-payment).

关键词： Smart IP Office Framework IP Office IT Governance

Toward a resolution of the NN controversy 38

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Toward a resolution of the NN controversy

38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE 2021

作者： Nicholson, Amy Berkowitz, Evan Bulava, John Chang, Chia Cheng Clark, M.A. Hanlon, Andrew D. Hörz, Ben Howarth, Dean Körber, Christopher Lee, Wayne Tai Meyer, Aaron S. Monge-Camacho, Henry Morningstar, Colin Rinaldi, Enrico Vranas, Pavlos Walker-Loud, André Department of Physics and Astronomy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC27516-3255 United States Intel Corporation Santa ClaraCA95054 United States Physics Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States Physics Department University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Institut für Theoretische Physik II Ruhr-Universität Bochum BochumD-44780 Germany Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States CP3-Origins Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 Odense M5230 Denmark NVIDIA Corporation Santa ClaraCA95050 United States Department of Statistics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Institut für Kernphysik Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich54245 Germany Escuela de Física Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro San José11501 Costa Rica iTHEMS RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Center for Quantum Computing RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan

Lattice QCD calculations of two-nucleon interactions have been underway for about a decade, but still haven't reached the pion mass regime necessary for matching onto effective field theories and extrapolating to the physical point. Furthermore, results from different methods, including the use of the Lüscher formalism with different types of operators, as well as the HALQCD potential method, do not agree even qualitatively at very heavy pion mass. We investigate the role that different operators employed in the literature may play on the extraction of spectra for use within the Lüscher method. We first explore expectations from Effective Field Theory solved within a finite volume, for which the exact spectrum may be computed given different physical scenarios. We then present preliminary lattice QCD results for two-nucleon spectra calculated using different operators on a common lattice ensemble. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

关键词： Quantum theory

Latent state inference in a spatiotemporal generative model

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Karlbauer, Matthias Menge, Tobias Otte, Sebastian Lensch, Hendrik P.A. Scholten, Thomas Wulfmeyer, Volker Butz, Martin V. University of Tübingen – Neuro-Cognitive Modeling Group Sand 14 Tübingen72076 Germany University of Tübingen – Computer Graphics Maria-von-Linden-Straße 6 Tübingen72076 Germany University of Tübingen – Soil Science and Geomorphology Rümelinstraße 19-23 Tübingen72070 Germany University of Hohenheim Institute for Physics and Meteorology Garbenstraße 30 Stuttgart70599 Germany

Knowledge about the hidden factors that determine particular system dynamics is crucial for both explaining them and pursuing goal-directed interventions. Inferring these factors from time series data without supervision remains an open challenge. Here, we focus on spatiotemporal processes, including wave propagation and weather dynamics, for which we assume that universal causes (e.g. physics) apply throughout space and time. A recently introduced DIstributed SpatioTemporal graph Artificial Neural network Architecture (DISTANA) is used and enhanced to learn such processes, requiring fewer parameters and achieving significantly more accurate predictions compared to temporal convolutional neural networks and other related approaches. We show that DISTANA, when combined with a retrospective latent state inference principle called active tuning, can reliably derive location-respective hidden causal factors. In a current weather prediction benchmark, DISTANA infers our planet’s land-sea mask solely by observing temperature dynamics and, meanwhile, uses the self inferred information to improve its own future temperature predictions. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

Resonant states in H7: Experimental studies of the H2(He8,He3) reaction

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Physical Review C 2021年第4期103卷 044313-044313页

作者： I. A. Muzalevskii A. A. Bezbakh E. Yu. Nikolskii V. Chudoba S. A. Krupko S. G. Belogurov D. Biare A. S. Fomichev E. M. Gazeeva A. V. Gorshkov L. V. Grigorenko G. Kaminski O. Kiselev D. A. Kostyleva M. Yu. Kozlov B. Mauyey I. Mukha Yu. L. Parfenova W. Piatek A. M. Quynh V. N. Schetinin A. Serikov S. I. Sidorchuk P. G. Sharov N. B. Shulgina R. S. Slepnev S. V. Stepantsov A. Swiercz P. Szymkiewicz G. M. Ter-Akopian R. Wolski B. Zalewski M. V. Zhukov Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions JINR 141980 Dubna Russia Institute of Physics Silesian University in Opava 74601 Opava Czech Republic National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute ” 123182 Moscow Russia National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI ” 115409 Moscow Russia Dubna State University 141982 Dubna Russia Heavy Ion Laboratory University of Warsaw 02-093 Warsaw Poland GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 64291 Darmstadt Germany II. Physikalisches Institut Justus-Liebig-Universität 35392 Giessen Germany Laboratory of Information Technologies JINR 141980 Dubna Russia L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University 010008 Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan Nuclear Research Institute 670000 Dalat Vietnam Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics JINR 141980 Dubna Russia AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science 30-059 Krakow Poland Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN 31342 Kraków Poland Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology S-41296 Göteborg Sweden

The extremely neutron-rich system H7 was studied in the direct H2(He8,He3)H7 transfer reaction with a 26 AMeV secondary He8 beam [Bezbakh et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 022502 (2020)]. The missing mass spectrum and center-of-mass angular distributions of H7, as well as the momentum distribution of the H3 fragment in the H7 frame, were constructed. In addition, we carried out another experiment with the same beam but a modified setup, which was cross-checked by the study of the H2(Be10,He3)Li9 reaction. A solid experimental evidence is provided that two resonant states of H7 are located in its spectrum at 2.2(5) and 5.5(3)MeV relative to the H3+4n decay threshold. Also, there are indications that the resonant states at 7.5(3) and 11.0(3)MeV are present in the measured H7 spectrum. Based on the energy and angular distributions, obtained for the studied H2(He8,He3)H7 reaction, the weakly populated 2.2(5)-MeV peak is ascribed to the H7 ground state. It is highly plausible that the firmly ascertained 5.5(3)-MeV state is the 5/2+ member of the H7 excitation 5/2+–3/2+ doublet, built on the 2+ configuration of valence neutrons. The supposed 7.5-MeV state can be another member of this doublet, which could not be resolved in Bezbakh et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 022502 (2020)]. Consequently, the two doublet members appeared in the spectrum of H7 in the work mentioned above as a single broad 6.5-MeV peak.

关键词： Nuclear structure & decays Resonance reactions Transfer reactions Unstable nuclei induced nuclear reactions 6 ≤ A ≤ 19 Radioactive beams

Comparison of outlier detection methods on astronomical image data

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Doorenbos, Lars Cavuoti, Stefano Brescia, Massimo D’Isanto, Antonio Longo, Giuseppe Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen Nijenborgh 9 Groningen9747AG Netherlands Department of Physics University of Naples Federico II Strada Vicinale Cupa Cintia 21 NapoliI-80126 Italy INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte Salita Moiariello 16 NapoliI-80131 Italy Astroinformatics group Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35 Heidelberg69118 Germany

Among the many challenges posed by the huge data volumes produced by the new generation of astronomical instruments there is also the search for rare and peculiar objects. Unsupervised outlier detection algorithms may provide a viable solution. In this work we compare the performances of six methods: the Local Outlier Factor, Isolation Forest, k-means clustering, a measure of novelty, and both a normal and a convolutional autoencoder. These methods were applied to data extracted from SDSS stripe 82. After discussing the sensitivity of each method to its own set of hyperparameters, we combine the results from each method to rank the objects and produce a final list of outliers. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anomaly detection

Data Descriptor: Computed tomography data collection of the complete human mandible and valid clinical ground truth models

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Wallner, Jürgen Mischak, Irene Egger, Jan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medical University of Graz Auenbruggerplatz 5/1 Graz8036 Austria Computer Algorithms for Medicine Laboratory Graz Austria University Clinic of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Medical University of Graz Billrothgasse 4 Graz8010 Austria Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 16c/II Graz8010 Austria

Image-based algorithmic software segmentation is an increasingly important topic in many medical fields. Algorithmic segmentation is used for medical three-dimensional visualization, diagnosis or treatment support, especially in complex medical cases. However, accessible medical databases are limited, and valid medical ground truth databases for the evaluation of algorithms are rare and usually comprise only a few images. Inaccuracy or invalidity of medical ground truth data and image-based artefacts also limit the creation of such databases, which is especially relevant for CT data sets of the maxillomandibular complex. This contribution provides a unique and accessible data set of the complete mandible, including 20 valid ground truth segmentation models originating from 10 CT scans from clinical practice without artefacts or faulty slices. From each CT scan, two 3D ground truth models were created by clinical experts through independent manual slice-by-slice segmentation, and the models were statistically compared to prove their validity. These data could be used to conduct serial image studies of the human mandible, evaluating segmentation algorithms and developing adequate image tools. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： computerized tomography