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16th Color Imaging Conference: Color science and Engineering Systems, Technologies, and Applications

作者： Ferwerda, James A. Ramanarayanan, Ganesh Walter, Bruce Bala, Kavita Munsell Color Science Laboratory Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca NY United States Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Ithaca NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780892082810

In this paper we introduce a new approach to characterizing image quality: visual equivalence, Images are visually equivalent if they convey the same information about object appearance even if they are visibly different. In a series of psychophysical experiments we explore how object geometry, material, and illumination interact to produce images that are visually equivalent, and we identify how two kinds of transformations on illumination fields (blurring and warping) influence observers' judgments of equivalence. We use the results of the experiments to derive metrics that can serve as visual equivalence predictors (VEPs) and we generalize these metrics so they can be applied to novel objects and scenes. Finally we validate the predictors in a confirmatory study, and show that they reliably predict observer's judgments of equivalence. Visual equivalence is a significant new approach to measuring image quality that goes beyond existing visible difference metrics by leveraging the fact that some kinds of image differences do not matter to human observers. By taking advantage of higher order aspects of visual object coding, visual equivalence metrics should enable the development of powerful new classes of image capture, compression, rendering, and display algorithms.

关键词： Image quality

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Stability analysis for the generalized Hopfield neural networks with multi-level activation functions

Stability analysis for the generalized Hopfield neural netwo...

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作者： Liu, Yiguang You, Zhisheng Institute of Image and Graphics Key Laboratory of Fundamental Synthetic Vision Graphics and Image for National Defense Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China

Using the continuity property of neuron state variables and Lyapunov functional, this paper religiously gives sufficient conditions ensuring the equilibrium number, local stable state number, global stability and complete stability of the Hopfield neural networks with multi-level activation functions. Compared with the known relevant literatures, the obtained results are more precise. Finally, three examples are employed to illustrate the obtained criteria. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hopfield neural networks

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On combining classifiers for assessing portrait image compliance with ICAO/ISO standards

On combining classifiers for assessing portrait image compli...

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Special Interest Group on Biometrics and Electronic Signatures, BIOSIG 2008

作者： Storer, Markus Urschler, Martin Bischof, Horst Birchbauer, Josef A. Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 16/II 8010 Graz Austria Siemens Biometrics Center Siemens IT Solutions and Services Strassgangerstrasse 315 8054 Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783885792314

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has selected biometrics - in particular face - as the technique for travel documents to verify the association between such documents and the person in possession of them. The International Standard Organization (ISO) has defined a standard for the digital face images to be used in Machine Readable Travel Documents. Due to the ISO/IEC 19794-5 international standard, there exists a high demand for automatically checking portrait images to assist civil service employees in decision making regarding ICAO/ISO compliance. We present a face normalization and analysis system implementing several requirements of the ISO/IEC 19794-5 specification. We address the criteria eyes-open and mouthclosed and highlight the fusion of complementary classifiers to boost performance of the overall analysis system. Our results show that classifier fusion is capable of improving the classification performance considerably as compared to a single classifier decision.

关键词： Regulatory compliance

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The role of affect and emotion in HCI

The role of affect and emotion in HCI

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Lecture Notes in computer science

作者： Beale, Russell Peter, Christian Advanced Interaction Group School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics J. Jungius Str. 11 Rostock 18059 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540850988

Affect and emotion play an important role in our everyday lives: they are present whatever we do, wherever we are, wherever we go, without us being aware of them for much of the time. When it comes to interaction, be it with humans, technology, or humans via technology, we suddenly become more aware of emotion, either by seeing the other's emotional expression, or by not getting an emotional response while anticipating it. Given this, it seems only sensible to commit to affect and emotion in human-computer interaction, to investigate the underlying principles, to study the role they play, to develop methods to quantify them, and to finally build applications that make use of them. In this introductory chapter we discuss and give short accounts on present developments in the field, covering theoretical issues, user experience and design aspects, sensing issues, and report on some affective applications that have been developed. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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Observation of a Centrality-Dependent Dijet Asymmetry in Lead-Lead Collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC

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Physical Review Letters 2010年第25期105卷 252303-252303页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah A. A. Abdelalim A. Abdesselam O. Abdinov B. Abi M. Abolins H. Abramowicz H. Abreu E. Acerbi B. S. Acharya M. Ackers D. L. Adams T. N. Addy J. Adelman M. Aderholz S. Adomeit P. Adragna T. Adye S. Aefsky J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra M. Aharrouche S. P. Ahlen F. Ahles A. Ahmad M. Ahsan G. Aielli T. Akdogan T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov M. S. Alam M. A. Alam S. Albrand M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov M. Aleppo F. Alessandria C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob M. Aliev G. Alimonti J. Alison M. Aliyev P. P. Allport S. E. Allwood-Spiers J. Almond A. Aloisio R. Alon A. Alonso J. Alonso M. G. Alviggi K. Amako P. Amaral C. Amelung V. V. Ammosov A. Amorim G. Amorós N. Amram C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen C. F. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei M-L. Andrieux X. S. Anduaga A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi N. Anjos A. Annovi A. Antonaki M. Antonelli S. Antonelli J. Antos F. Anulli S. Aoun L. Aperio Bella R. Apolle G. Arabidze I. Aracena Y. Arai A. T. H. Arce J. P. Archambault S. Arfaoui J-F. Arguin E. Arik M. Arik A. J. Armbruster K. E. Arms S. R. Armstrong O. Arnaez C. Arnault A. Artamonov G. Artoni D. Arutinov S. Asai J. Silva R. Asfandiyarov S. Ask B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan A. Astbury A. Astvatsatourov G. Atoian B. Aubert B. Auerbach E. Auge K. Augsten M. Aurousseau N. Austin R. Avramidou D. Axen C. Ay G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak G. Baccaglioni C. Bacci A. M. Bach H. Bachacou K. Bachas G. Bachy M. Backes E. Badescu P. Bagnaia S. Bahinipati Y. Bai D. C. Bailey T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker S Baker F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa E. Banas P. Banerjee Sw. Banerjee D. Banfi A. Bangert V. Bansal H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov A. Barashkou A. Barbaro Galtieri T. Barber E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero D. Y. Bardin T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett A. Baroncelli A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa P. Barrillon R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton D. Bartsch R. L. Bates L. Batkova J. R. Batley A. Battaglia M. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik Hermann-Herder Strasse 3 D-79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany University of Oklahoma Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy 440 West Brooks Room 100 Norman Oklahoma 73019-0225 USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies IFAE Edifici Cn Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ES-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain Université de Genève Section de Physique 24 rue Ernest Ansermet CH-1211 Geneve 4 Switzerland Oxford University Department of Physics Denys Wilkinson Building Keble Road Oxford OX1 3RH United Kingdom Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences H. Javid Avenue 33 AZ 143 Baku Azerbaijan Oklahoma State University Department of Physics 145 Physical Sciences Building Stillwater Oklahoma 74078-3072 USA Michigan State University Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Physics Group East Lansing Michigan 48824-2320 USA Tel Aviv University Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Ramat Aviv IL - Tel Aviv 69978 Israel LAL Université Paris-Sud IN2P3/CNRS Orsay France INFN Sezione di Milano via Celoria 16 IT-20133 Milano Italy Università di Milano Dipartimento di Fisica via Celoria 16 IT-20133 Milano Italy INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Strada Costiera 11 IT-33100 Udine Italy ICTP Strada Costiera 11 IT-34014 Trieste Italy University of Bonn Physikalisches Institut Nussallee 12 D-53115 Bonn Germany Brookhaven National Laboratory Physics Department Building 510A Upton New York 11973 USA Hampton University Department of Physics Hampton Virginia 23668 USA Yale University Department of Physics P.O. Box 208121 New Haven Connecticut 06520-8121 USA Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) Föhringer Ring 6 80805 München Germany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Fakultät für Physik Am Coulombwall 1 DE-85748 Garching Germany Queen Mary University of London Department of Physics Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom Ruther

By using the ATLAS detector, observations have been made of a centrality-dependent dijet asymmetry in the collisions of lead ions at the Large Hadron Collider. In a sample of lead-lead events with a per-nucleon center of mass energy of 2.76 TeV, selected with a minimum bias trigger, jets are reconstructed in fine-grained, longitudinally segmented electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters. The transverse energies of dijets in opposite hemispheres are observed to become systematically more unbalanced with increasing event centrality leading to a large number of events which contain highly asymmetric dijets. This is the first observation of an enhancement of events with such large dijet asymmetries, not observed in proton-proton collisions, which may point to an interpretation in terms of strong jet energy loss in a hot, dense medium.

关键词： Energy dissipation

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Efficient algorithms for reverse proximity query problems 08

Efficient algorithms for reverse proximity query problems

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16th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM GIS 2008

作者： Kumar, Yokesh Janardan, Ravi Gupta, Prosenjit Univ. of Minnesota-Twin Cities Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Minneapolis MN 55455 United States International Institute of Information Technology and Mentor Graphics Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9781605583235

Determining the influence of an object on other objects in a database, based on proximity, is important in many applications. Abstractly, we wish to pre-process a set, P, of points in d-space so that the points of P that are assigned a new query point q as a Euclidean nearest neighbor can be reported quickly. These are the reverse nearest neighbors of q and are the ones most influenced by q. This generalizes to bichromatic reverse nearest neighbors, in which two sets, clients and servers, are given, where each client is influenced by some server, and of interest are the clients that are assigned a new server q as a nearest neighbor. Both extend to higher orders k > 1, where we seek the points that are assigned q as one of their k nearest neighbors, indicating varying degrees of influence. Each version also has a counterpart where "nearest" is replaced by "farthest", signifying low influence. We present a general approach that solves such reverse proximity query problems in an efficient and unified way, in any dimension, using well-known geometric transformations. We also give simple approximation algorithms in two and three dimensions (the primary domain of GIS applications) that report points that are "close to"being the desired true reverse proximity neighbors, as determined by a user-specified error parameter. This is based on approximating the proximity loci of the points by suitable convex polytopes that are amenable to simple and efficient querying. Theoretical analyses show that our solutions are fast and provably accurate, and this is further confirmed by experiments. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： Query processing

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Development of low temperature bonding using in-based solders

Development of low temperature bonding using in-based solder...

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2008 58th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, ECTC

作者： Choi, Won Kyoung Yu, Daquan Lee, Chengkuo Yan, Liling Yu, Aibin Yoon, Seung Wook Lau, John H. Cho, Moon Gi Jo, Yoon Hwan Lee, Hyuck Mo 11 Science Park II Singapore 117685 Singapore Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781424422302

In-based solders were chosen for the low temperature bonding at lower than 180C Three kinds of bonding types on Au/Cu/Ti/SiO2/Si dies, which were Sn/In and Au/In for Type 1, Au/In and Au/Sn for Type 2, and InSn alloy and InSn alloy for Type 3, were studied expecting that the whole Insolder layer is converted to the mixed intermetallic compound (IMC) phases of In-Cu and In-Au IMCs after bonding below 180C and annealing at 100-120C The IMC in the joints were characterized in terms of the microstructure observations and the compositional analysis with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), the phase identification with X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and the re-melting temperature with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The phase equilibriums of the joints were examined by thermodynamic calculations to understand the re-melting behavior. As a result, complete bonding consisted of only high melting temperature IMCs, Cu 11In9, Qi2ln, η-Cu6Sn 5, and AuIn2, was successfully made at 120C followed by annealing at 100C in Type 3, and at 160C with annealing for 10hrs or at 180C without annealing for Type 1, which was confirmed by DSC measurements and explained through thermodynamic calculations. ©2008 IEEE.

关键词： Differential scanning calorimetry

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Cooperative inter-vehicle communication protocol dedicated to intelligent transport systems

Cooperative inter-vehicle communication protocol dedicated t...

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2008 International Conference on Wireless Networks, ICWN 2008

作者： Li, J.J. Hou, K.M. Zhou, H.Y. Diao, X.X. LIMOS Laboratory UMR 6158 CNRS Blaise Pascal University Clermont-Ferrand II France School of Computer Science Harbin Institute of Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)1601320914

MANET marks the new age of the modern communication and it is a key technology to solve many applications such as telemedicine, environment monitoring, intelligent transport system (inter-vehicle communication) etc. In this paper a new MANET protocol dedicated to intelligent transport system: CIVIC (Communication Inter Vehicule Intelligente et Cooperative) is described. CIVIC is a context aware routing protocol taking into account the location of each mobile node, road traffic, geographic environment (road map) etc. Moreover, CIVIC is implemented to support infrastructure and ad hoc network, hybrid MANET protocol, and multi-support wireless access mediums. In this paper, we introduce the different worldwide leading research projects dedicated to inter-vehicle communication, the key features of CIVIC, LiveNode on which CIVIC is implemented and the application project MobiPlus.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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An effective load balancing scheme for 3D texture-based sort-last parallel volume rendering on GPU clusters

An effective load balancing scheme for 3D texture-based sort...

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作者： Lee, Won-Jong Srini, Vason P. Park, Woo-Chan Muraki, Shigeru Han, Tack-Don Department of Computer Science Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Information and Communications University Deajeon Korea Republic of Department of Internet Engineering Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of Collaborative Research Team of Volume Graphics National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tokyo 135-0064 Japan

We present an adaptive dynamic load balancing scheme for 3D texture based sort-last parallel volume rendering on a PC cluster equipped with GPUs. Our scheme exploits not only task parallelism but also data parallelism during rendering by combining the hierarchical data structures (octree and parallel BSP tree) in order to skip empty regions and distribute proper workloads to rendering nodes. Our scheme can also conduct a valid parallel rendering and image compositing in visibility order by employing a 3D clustering algorithm. To alleviate the imbalance when the transfer function is changed, a load rebalancing is inexpensively supported by exchanging only needed data. A detailed performance analysis is provided and scaling characteristics of our scheme are discussed. These show that our scheme can achieve significant performance gains by increasing parallelism and decreasing synchronizing costs compared to the traditional static distribution schemes. Copyright © 2008 The institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.

关键词： Volume rendering

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Fast and exact solution of Total Variation models on the GPU

Fast and exact solution of Total Variation models on the GPU

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Thomas Pock Markus Unger Daniel Cremers Horst Bischof Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria Department of Computer Science University of Bonn Germany

This paper discusses fast and accurate methods to solve total variation (TV) models on the graphics processing unit (GPU). We review two prominent models incorporating TV regularization and present different algorithms to solve these models. We mainly concentrate on variational techniques, i.e. algorithms which aim at solving the Euler Lagrange equations associated with the variational model. We then show that particularly these algorithms can be effectively accelerated by implementing them on parallel architectures such as GPUs. For comparison we chose a state-of-the-art method based on discrete optimization techniques. We then present the results of a rigorous performance evaluation including 2D and 3D problems. As a main result we show that the our GPU based algorithms clearly outperform discrete optimization techniques in both speed and maximum problem size.

关键词： computer vision computer graphics TV Lagrangian functions Acceleration Optical computing Iterative algorithms Image denoising Equations Parallel architectures

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