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2019 Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, GCH 2019

作者： Scalas, A. Vassallo, V. Mortara, M. Spagnuolo, M. Hermon, S. Institute of Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies 'Enrico Magenes National Research Council Italy Department of Computer Science Bioengineering Robotics and Systems Engineering University of Genova Italy Science and Technology for Archaeology Research Center Cyprus Institute Cyprus Department of Archaeology and Ancient History Lund University Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9783038680826

In recent years, quantitative approaches based on mathematical theories and ICT tools, known under the terms of digital, computational, and virtual archaeology, are more and more involved in the traditional archaeological research. In this paper, we apply shape analysis techniques to 3D digital replicas of archaeological findings to support their interpretation. In particular, our study focuses on a collection of small terracotta figurines from the ancient sanctuary of Ayia Irini, Cyprus, and it aims at re-analysing the material utilising a quantitative approach. We experiment state of the art techniques (meshSIFT and DBSCAN) to cluster statuettes according to the similarity of their heads, to investigate their production process. © 2019 Eurographics Association.

关键词： Computation theory

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Correction to: SleepBoost: a multi‑level tree‑based ensemble model for automatic sleep stage classification

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Medical & biological engineering & computing 2024年第9期62卷 2785页

作者： Akib Zaman Shiu Kumar Swakkhar Shatabda Iman Dehzangi Alok Sharma Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Fiji National University Suva Fiji. shiu.kumar@fnu.ac.fj. Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR) United International University Dhaka Bangladesh. Department of Computer Science Rutgers University Camden NJ USA. Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Rutgers University Camden USA. Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama 230‑0045 Japan. Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems Griffith University Nathan Brisbane QLD Australia.

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Active interactions between animals and technology: biohybrid approaches for animal behaviour research

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Animal Behaviour 2025年 224卷

作者： Papadopoulou, M. Ball, M. Bartashevich, P. Burns, A.L.J. Chiara, V. Clark, M.A. Costelloe, B.R. Fele, M. French, F. Hauert, S. Heinrich, M.K. Herbert-Read, J.E. Hoitt, J. Ioannou, C.C. Landgraf, T. Matchette, S.R. Polverino, G. Sankey, D.W.E. Scott, D.M. Sridhar, V.H. Strömbom, D. Trianni, V. Vo-Doan, T.T. King, A.J. Department of Biosciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Swansea University Swansea United Kingdom Department of Biology Lafayette College Easton PA United States Institute for Theoretical Biology Department of Biology Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany Cluster of Excellence ‘Science of Intelligence’ Berlin Germany Department Fish Biology Fisheries and Aquaculture Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany Faculty of Life Sciences Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Science Warszawa Poland School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany Department of Collective Behavior Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Konstanz Germany School of Computing and Digital Media London Metropolitan University London United Kingdom Bristol Robotics Laboratory University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom IRIDIA Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy School of Natural and Environmental Science Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom Centre for Ecology and Conservation Faculty of Environment Science and Economy University of Exeter Penryn Campus Cornwall United Kingdom School of Animal Rural and Environmental Sciences Nottingham Trent University Nottingham United Kingdom Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Konstanz Germany Ins

Biohybrid approaches (where living and engineered components are combined) provide new opportunities for advancing animal behaviour research and its applications. This review article and accompanying special issue explores how different types of novel technologies can be used in the field of animal behaviour from three perspectives: (1) comprehension, (2) application and (3) integration. Under the perspective of ‘comprehension,’ we present examples of how technologies like virtual animals or robots can be used in experimental settings to interact with living animals in a standardized manner. Such interactions can advance our understanding of fundamental topics such as mate choice, social learning and collective behaviour. Under ‘application,’ we investigate the potential for technologies to monitor, react and interact with animals in a variety of scenarios. For example, we discuss how drones can be used to keep large herbivores away from valuable crops and robotic predators to deter invasive species. Under ‘integration,’ we discuss possibilities for the coexistence of engineered and biological systems, augmenting the capacity or resilience of either or both components. Integration can be physical, for example, livestock can have sensors sit in their inner body for temperature monitoring, or within the environment, where sensors or robots monitor and interact with animals, such as a short-term earthquake forecasting method. Based upon these three themes, we discuss and classify existing biohybrid animal behaviour research, including the four articles included in our special issue. We also consider the ethics of this emerging field, highlight the advantages and potential issues associated with using technologies to create biohybrid systems and emphasize how such technologies can support the advancement of animal behaviour research. © 2025 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour

关键词： behavioural control behavioural monitoring biomimetic robotics ethorobotics interspecies interaction sensory integration

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Analytical Risks Prediction. Rationale of System Preventive Measures for Solving Quality and Safety Problems 13th

Analytical Risks Prediction. Rationale of System Preventive ...

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13th International Conference on Modern Information Technology and IT Education, SITITO 2018

作者： Kostogryzov, Andrey Nistratov, Andrey Nistratov, George Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova Street 44/2 Moscow119333 Russia Main Research Scientific and Probatory Center of Robotics at the Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation Seregin Street 5/1 Moscow125167 Russia The Russian Power Agency of Ministry for the Power Generating Industry Shchepkin Street 40 Moscow1129110 Russia Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Certification Myasnikovskaya 1-ya Street 3 Moscow1075641 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9783030468941

The approach for building new probabilistic models which is intended to predict risks for complex intellectual structures under different threats and to solve quality and safety problems in system life cycle, is proposed. The approach includes: selection of models for every system element allowing to estimate probability to lose integrity during given prognostic period;the approach to build probability distribution functions (PDF) by the models selected to predict probability and risks to lose integrity for different scenarios of threats;the approach to integrate PDF for structure from two elements united by serial and/or parallel connection and generalization for complex structure;the approach to form input for modeling and to solve quality and safety problems in application to complex intellectual structures;applications, which can prove efficiency in different areas. The approach is applicable for the analysis of the reliability of complex systems built from unreliable components, estimations of increasing expected reliability and safety for intelligent manufacturing, modeling of robotic and automated systems operating in cosmic space, optimization of a centralized heat supply system, estimating the mean residual time before the next parameters abnormalities for monitored critical systems, control of information quality, estimation of human factor, analysis of vulnerability of sea oil and gas systems etc. Effects are demonstrated by practical examples. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

关键词： Forecasting

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A Step Towards a Reinforcement Learning De Novo Genome Assembler

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Padovani, Kleber Xavier, Roberto Carvalho, André Reali, Anna Chateau, Annie Alves, Ronnie Federal University of Pará Computer Science Graduate Program Belém66.075-110 Brazil University of the State of Amazonas Itacoatiara-AM 69.101-416 Brazil Vale Technology Institute Sustainable Development Belém66.055-090 Brazil Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences University of São Paulo São Carlos-SP 13566-590 Brazil Polytechnic School University of São Paulo São Paulo-SP 05508-010 Brazil LIRMM-Montpellier Laboratory of Informatics Robotics and Microelectronics Univ Montpellier CNRS Montpellier France

Genome assembly is one of the most relevant and computationally complex tasks in genomics projects. It aims to reconstruct a genome through the analysis of several small textual fragments of such genome — named reads. Ideally, besides ignoring any errors contained in reads, the reconstructed genome should also optimally combine these reads, thus reaching the original genome. The quality of the genome assembly is relevant because the more reliable the genomes, the more accurate the understanding of the characteristics and functions of living beings, and it allows generating many positive impacts on society, including the prevention and treatment of diseases. The assembly becomes even more complex (and it is termed de novo in this case) when the assembler software is not supplied with a similar genome to be used as a reference. Current assemblers have predominantly used heuristic strategies on computational graphs. Despite being widely used in genomics projects, there is still no irrefutably best assembler for any genome, and the proper choice of these assemblers and their configurations depends on Bioinformatics experts. The use of reinforcement learning has proven to be very promising for solving complex activities without human supervision during their learning process. However, their successful applications are predominantly focused on fictional and entertainment problems - such as games. Based on the above, this work aims to shed light on the application of reinforcement learning to solve this relevant real-world problem, the genome assembly. By expanding the only approach found in the literature that addresses this problem, we carefully explored the aspects of intelligent agent learning, performed by the Q-learning algorithm, to understand its suitability to be applied in scenarios whose characteristics are more similar to those faced by real genome projects. The improvements proposed here include changing the previously proposed reward system and including stat

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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FAST-Hex – A morphing hexarotor: Design, mechanical implementation, control and experimental validation

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Ryll, Markus Bicego, Davide Giurato, Mattia Lovera, Marco Franchi, Antonio Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United States LAAS-CNRS Université de Toulouse CNRS Toulouse France Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy Robotics and Mechatronics Lab. Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics & Computer Science University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

We present FAST-Hex, a micro aerial hexarotor platform that allows to seamlessly transit from an under-actuated to a fully-actuated configuration with only one additional control input, a motor that synchronously tilts all propellers. The FAST-Hex adapts its configuration between the more efficient but under-actuated, collinear multi-rotors and the less efficient, but full-pose-tracking, which is attained by non-collinear multirotors. On the basis of prior work on minimal input configurable micro aerial vehicle we mainly stress three aspects: mechanical design, motion control and experimental validation. Specifically, we present the lightweight mechanical structure of the FAST-Hex that allows it to only use one additional input to achieve configurability and full actuation in a vast state space. The motion controller receives as input any reference pose in R3 ×SO(3) (3D position + 3D orientation). Full pose tracking is achieved if the reference pose is feasible with respect to actuator constraints. In case of unfeasibility a new feasible desired trajectory is generated online giving priority to the position tracking over the orientation tracking. Finally we present a large set of experimental results shading light on all aspects of the control and pose tracking of FAST-Hex. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Motion control

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Continuity scaling: A rigorous framework for detecting and quantifying causality accurately

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ying, Xiong Leng, Si-Yang Ma, Huan-Fei Nie, Qing Lai, Ying-Cheng Lin, Wei School of Mathematical Sciences SCMS SCAM Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Research Institute for Intelligent Complex Systems CCSB LCNBI Fudan University Shanghai200433 China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University Shanghai200032 China Institute of AI and Robotics Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan University Shanghai200433 China School of Mathematical Sciences Soochow University Suzhou215006 China Department of Mathematics Department of Developmental and Cell Biology NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research University of California IrvineCA92697-3875 United States School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ85287-5706 United States Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai200232 China

Data based detection and quantification of causation in complex, nonlinear dynamical systems is of paramount importance to science, engineering and beyond. Inspired by the widely used methodology in recent years, the cross-map-based techniques, we develop a general framework to advance towards a comprehensive understanding of dynamical causal mechanisms, which is consistent with the natural interpretation of causality. In particular, instead of measuring the smoothness of the cross map as conventionally implemented, we define causation through measuring the scaling law for the continuity of the investigated dynamical system directly. The uncovered scaling law enables accurate, reliable, and efficient detection of causation and assessment of its strength in general complex dynamical systems, outperforming those existing representative methods. The continuity scaling based framework is rigorously established and demonstrated using datasets from model complex systems and the real world. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamical systems

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PitVis-2023 Challenge: Workflow Recognition in videos of Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Das, Adrito Khan, Danyal Z. Psychogyios, Dimitrios Zhang, Yitong Hanrahan, John G. Vasconcelos, Francisco Pang, You Chen, Zhen Wu, Jinlin Zou, Xiaoyang Zheng, Guoyan Qayyum, Abdul Mazher, Moona Razzak, Imran Li, Tianbin Ye, Jin He, Junjun Plotka, Szymon Kaleta, Joanna Yamlahi, Amine Jund, Antoine Godau, Patrick Kondo, Satoshi Kasai, Satoshi Hirasawa, Kousuke Rivoir, Dominik Pérez, Alejandra Rodriguez, Santiago Arbeláez, Pablo Stoyanov, Danail Marcus, Hani J. Bano, Sophia Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences University College London London United Kingdom Department of Neurosurgery National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London United Kingdom HKISI CAS China Institute of Medical Robotics School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National Heart and Lung Institute Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London United Kingdom Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Shanghai AI Lab Shanghai China Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Sano Center for Computational Medicine Krakow Poland Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Muroran Institute of Technology Hokkaido Japan Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan Konica Minolta Inc. Osaka Japan National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden Germany Centre for Tactile Internet TUD Dresden Germany Universidad de los Andes Bogota Colombia DKFZ UKDD TUD Germany

The field of computer vision applied to videos of minimally invasive surgery is ever-growing. Workflow recognition pertains to the automated recognition of various aspects of a surgery: including which surgical steps are performed;and which surgical instruments are used. This information can later be used to assist clinicians when learning the surgery;during live surgery;and when writing operation notes. The Pituitary Vision (PitVis) 2023 Challenge tasks the community to step and instrument recognition in videos of endoscopic pituitary surgery. This is a unique task when compared to other minimally invasive surgeries due to the smaller working space, which limits and distorts vision;and higher frequency of instrument and step switching, which requires more precise model predictions. Participants were provided with 25-videos, with results presented at the MICCAI-2023 conference as part of the Endoscopic Vision 2023 Challenge in Vancouver, Canada, on 08-Oct-2023. There were 18-submissions from 9-teams across 6-countries, using a variety of deep learning models. A commonality between the top performing models was incorporating spatio-temporal and multi-task methods, with greater than 50% and 10% macro-F1-score improvement over purely spacial single-task models in step and instrument recognition respectively. The PitVis-2023 Challenge therefore demonstrates state-of-the-art computer vision models in minimally invasive surgery are transferable to a new dataset, with surgery specific techniques used to enhance performance, progressing the field further. Benchmark results are provided in the paper, and the dataset is publicly available at: https://***/10.5522/04/26531686. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Endoscopy

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A novel multimodal, intraoperative cognitive workload assessment of cardiac surgery team members

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The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2024年

作者： Lauren R Kennedy-Metz Heather M Conboy Anna Liu Roger D Dias Rayan E Harari Ajami Gikandi Alexander Shapeton Lori A Clarke Leon J Osterweil George S Avrunin Theodora Chaspari Steven Yule Marco A Zenati Department of Psychology Roanoke College Salem Va Medical Robotics & Computer-Assisted Surgery Laboratory Harvard Medical School Boston Mass Division of Cardiac Surgery Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury Mass. Electronic address: kennedymetz@roanoke.edu. Manning College of Information & Computer Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Mass. Division of Emergency Medicine STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation Mass General Brigham Boston Mass. Medical Robotics & Computer-Assisted Surgery Laboratory Harvard Medical School Boston Mass. Division of Cardiac Surgery Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury Mass. Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Mass. Computer Science & Institute of Cognitive Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colo. Centre for Medical Informatics Usher Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland. Medical Robotics & Computer-Assisted Surgery Laboratory Harvard Medical School Boston Mass Division of Cardiac Surgery Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury Mass Division of Cardiac Surgery Mass General Brigham Boston Mass.

OBJECTIVE:To characterize cognitive workload (CWL) of cardiac surgery team members in a real-world setting during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery using providers' heart rate variability (HRV) data as a surrogate measure of CWL. METHODS:HRV was collected from the surgeon, anesthesiologist, perfusionist, and scrub nurse, and audio/video recordings were made during isolated, nonemergency CABG surgeries (n = 27). Eight surgical phases were annotated by trained researchers, and HRV was calculated for each phase. RESULTS:Significant differences in CWL were observed within a given role across surgical phases. Results are reported as predicted probability (95% confidence interval [CI]). CWL was significantly higher for anesthesiologists during "preparation and induction" (0.57; 95% CI, 0.42-0.71) and "anastomoses" (0.44; 95% CI, 0.30-0.58) compared to other phases, and the same held for nurses during the "opening" (0.51; 95% CI, 0.37-0.65) and "postoperative" (0.68; 95% CI, 0.42-0.86) phases. Additional significant differences were observed between roles within a given surgical phase. For example, surgeons had significantly higher CWL during "anastomoses" (0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.89) compared to all other phases, and the same was true of perfusionists during the "opening" (0.79; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88) and "prebypass preparation" (0.50; 95% CI, 0.36-0.64) phases. CONCLUSIONS:Our innovative analysis demonstrates that CWL fluctuates across surgical procedures by role and phase, which may reflect the distribution of primary tasks. This corroborates earlier findings from self-report measures. The data suggest that team-wide, peak CWL during a phase decreases from early phases of surgery through initiation of cardiopumonary bypass (CPB), rises during anastomosis, and decreases after termination of CPB. Knowledge of these trends could encourage the adoption of behaviors to enhance team dynamics and performance.

关键词： cardiac surgery cognitive workload heart rate variability teams

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Why is the Winner the Best?

Why is the Winner the Best?

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： M. Eisenmann A. Reinke V. Weru M. D. Tizabi F. Isensee T. J. Adler S. Ali V. Andrearczyk M. Aubreville U. Baid S. Bakas N. Balu S. Bano J. Bernal S. Bodenstedt A. Casella V. Cheplygina M. Daum M. De Bruijne A. Depeursinge R. Dorent J. Egger D. G. Ellis S. Engelhardt M. Ganz N. Ghatwary G. Girard P. Godau A. Gupta L. Hansen K. Harada M. Heinrich N. Heller A. Hering A. Huaulmé P. Jannin A. E. Kavur O. Kodym M. Kozubek J. Li H. Li J. Ma C. Martín-Isla B. Menze A. Noble V. Oreiller N. Padoy S. Pati K. Payette T. Rädsch J. Rafael-Patiño V. Singh Bawa S. Speidel C. H. Sudre K. Van Wijnen M. Wagner D. Wei A. Yamlahi M. H. Yap C. Yuan M. Zenk A. Zia D. Zimmerer D. Aydogan B. Bhattarai L. Bloch R. Brüngel J. Cho C. Choi Q. Dou I. Ezhov C. M. Friedrich C. Fuller R. R. Gaire A. Galdran Á. García Faura M. Grammatikopoulou S. Hong M. Jahanifar I. Jang A. Kadkhodamohammadi I. Kang F. Kofler S. Kondo H. Kuijf M. Li M. Luu T. Martinčič P. Morais M. A. Naser B. Oliveira D. Owen S. Pang J. Park S. Park S. Płotka E. Puybareau N. Rajpoot K. Ryu N. Saeed A. Shephard P. Shi D. Štepec R. Subedi G. Tochon H. R. Torres H. Urien J. L. Vilaça K. A. Wahid H. Wang J. Wang L. Wang X. Wang B. Wiestler M. Wodzinski F. Xia J. Xie Z. Xiong S. Yang Y. Yang Z. Zhao K. Maier-Hein P. F. Jäger A. Kopp-Schneider L. Maier-Hein Division of Intelligent Medical Systems German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Helmholtz Imaging German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Biostatistics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of Computing University of Leeds Leeds UK Institute of Informatics School of Management HES-SO Valais-Wallis University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Sierre Switzerland Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Ingolstadt Germany Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Computer Science Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) University College London London UK Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & Computer Vision Center Barcelona Spain Division of Translational Surgical Oncology National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden Dresden Germany Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Department of Radiology and Nuc

International benchmarking competitions have become fundamental for the comparative performance assessment of image analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to investigating what can be learnt from these competitions. Do they really generate scientific progress? What are common and successful participation strategies? What makes a solution superior to a competing method? To address this gap in the literature, we performed a multicenter study with all 80 competitions that were conducted in the scope of IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021. Statistical analyses performed based on comprehensive descriptions of the submitted algorithms linked to their rank as well as the underlying participation strategies revealed common characteristics of winning solutions. These typically include the use of multi-task learning (63%) and/or multi-stage pipelines (61%), and a focus on augmentation (100%), image preprocessing (97%), data curation (79%), and post-processing (66%). The “typical” lead of a winning team is a computer scientist with a doctoral degree, five years of experience in biomedical image analysis, and four years of experience in deep learning. Two core general development strategies stood out for highly-ranked teams: the reflection of the metrics in the method design and the focus on analyzing and handling failure cases. According to the organizers, 43% of the winning algorithms exceeded the state of the art but only 11% completely solved the respective domain problem. The insights of our study could help researchers (1) improve algorithm development strategies when approaching new problems, and (2) focus on open research questions revealed by this work.

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