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Exploiting the Potential of Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation via Patch-Based Self-Distillation

IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 18042-18055页

作者： Yu, Ting Pan, Shan Chen, Wei Tian, Zijian Wang, Zehua Yu, F. Richard Leung, Victor C. M. Postdoctoral Research Station China RongTong Academy of Sciences Group Corporation Limited Beijing100022 China China RongTong Artificial Intelligence Research Center Beijing100022 China China University of Mining and Technology School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing100083 China China University of Mining and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Xuzhou221116 China School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing100083 China The University of British Columbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Carleton University Department of Systems and Computer Engineering OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen518060 China

Perceiving scene depth and 3D structure is one of the key tasks for Internet of Video Things (IoVT) devices to understand and interact with the environment. Self-supervised monocular depth estimation has demonstrated significant potential in leveraging large-scale unlabeled datasets to achieve competitive performance, thereby playing an increasingly important role in depth estimation. Despite recent methods providing additional supervisory signals through self-distillation strategies to improve depth estimation, an effective method for generating pseudo-depth labels suitable for addressing occlusion issues among elements far from the camera remains unexplored. To address this limitation, we propose a Patch-based Self-Distillation Learning Framework to exploit the potential of self-supervised monocular depth estimation in recovering fine-grained scene depth. In the proposed framework, elements far from the camera within the input image are enlarged by enlarging and cropping operations in the patch-based self-distillation branch. Guided by photometric consistency, the model learns the detailed occlusion relationships among elements from the enlarged patches, producing patch depth maps with fine structures. In the main branch, which takes full-scale images as input, patch depth maps serve as pseudo-depth labels through self-distillation loss to provide additional supervisory signals for regions where photometric consistency fails to offer effective supervision. This forces the depth estimation network to recover fine structures of elements far from the camera in full-scale input images. Regarding the architecture of the depth estimation network, we introduce a bin-center prediction. In this prediction, a global aggregator based on self-attention provides additional scene structure queries for adaptive scene depth discretization. Finally, to encourage the model to explore more general cues for depth inference beyond road plane cues, we propose a PatchMix data augmentati

关键词： Image enhancement

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HTM-CDFK: An Online Industrial Control Anomaly Detection Algorithm based on Hierarchical Time Memory

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年

作者： Liu, Jingwen Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Zilin Ren, Yi Chen, Liangyin Chen, Yanru Sichuan University College of Computer Science College of Software Engineering Institute for Industrial Internet Research Chengdu610065 China

With the rapid advancement of industrial structures, many factories are deploying anomaly detection systems. However, most existing anomaly detection algorithms are unsuitable for high-noise industrial control system (ICS) environments and constantly changing sensor patterns, resulting in low detection accuracy. To address these challenges, we propose a hierarchical temporal memory-based online anomaly detection algorithm for ICS, incorporating cumulative distribution functions and Gaussian convolution kernels. We enhanced the encoding process of hierarchical temporal memory, enabling it to quickly fit the physical processes of ICS and remember the system's previous operating states for anomaly recognition. Additionally, our anomaly calculation algorithm, based on cumulative distribution functions and Gaussian kernel convolution, effectively addresses the adaptability and accuracy challenges posed by high-noise ICS environments. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the best baseline algorithms. While maintaining good time stability, our method achieves a 9% improvement in detection accuracy, highlighting its significant advantage in balancing detection precision and time performance. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Distribution functions

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An Overview of Security Threats, Attack Detection and Defense for Large-Scale Multi-Agent systems (LSMAS) in Internet of Things (IoT)

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical systems 2025年 3卷 70-81页

作者： Cai, Jijing Wen, Long Feng, Hailin Fang, Kai Chen, Junxin Wei, Wei Wang, Wei Zhejiang A and F University College of Mathematics and Computer Science Hangzhou311300 China Macau University of Science and Technology School of Innovation Engineering Macau999078 China Dalian University of Technology School of Software Dalian116621 China Xi'an University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi'an710048 China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Medical Technology Beijing100081 China Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotion Intelligence and Pervasive Computing Shenzhen518172 China

With the global advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), large-scale multi-agent systems (LSMAS) technology has been increasingly adopted across various industries. Despite the widespread use of IoT, vulnerabilities in its software and hardware components pose significant challenges to ensuring security. To address the security concerns faced by LSMAS, this article explores its application in IoT domains such as smart grids, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare. By examining the structural layers of IoT-the perception layer, network layer, and application layer-this paper analyzes the specific security threats encountered by each layer, along with the defense strategies designed to counter these attacks. Furthermore, we categorize and compare both traditional and AI-based attack detection methods, dividing the latter into machine learning-based, deep learning-based, and transfer learning-based approaches. This analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the various attack detection methods currently deployed in LSMAS, identifying the existing challenges they face. Finally, we outline potential trends for the future development of LSMAS in IoT, offering research directions for experts in related fields. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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Pairing-Free Blockchain-Assisted Certificateless Aggregation Signcryption Scheme for VANETs

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 15545-15557页

作者： Wang, Yahui Peng, Cong Jia, Xiaoying Wen, Jiaming Zhang, Yuanyuan Xinyang Normal University School of Computer and Information Technology School of Software Xinyang464000 China Wuhan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430072 China South-Central Minzu University School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan430074 China Wuhan University Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430072 China University of Wollongong Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology School of Computing and Information Technology WollongongNSW2522 Australia Hubei University of Technology School of computer science Wuhan430072 China

Smart vehicle applications play a crucial role in intelligent transportation systems, enabling sensor-equipped vehicles to establish dynamic networks for efficient collection, sharing, and aggregation. This significantly enhances road security and efficiency by transmitting crucial information to traffic authorities. However, partial research on certificateless aggregation signcryption (CLAS) scheme reveals an intriguing phenomenon where each proposed scheme consistently exhibits numerous security vulnerabilities, particularly susceptible to public key replacement attacks. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a blockchain-assisted certificateless aggregation sign-cryption scheme (BACLAS), leveraging blockchain technology to securely store users' public key on a distributed ledger and prevent public key replacement attacks effectively. Furthermore, it is a provably secure communication scheme for real-world Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication while addressing practical security concerns. The BACLAS scheme ensures security in terms of existential unforgeability against adaptive chosen message attacks (EUF-CMA) and indistinguishability against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (IND-CCA2) based on the hardness assumption of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem and computational Diffie-Hellman problem in the random oracle model. The proposed scheme effectively reduces computational costs and time consumption, resulting in a significant reduction of the computation burden ranging from 50.02% to 88.28% compared to other competitive schemes. Moreover, it successfully addresses the key-escrow problem, thereby achieving enhanced security properties. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Private Computation of Boolean Functions Using Single Qubits 15th

Private Computation of Boolean Functions Using Single Qubit...

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15th International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, PPAM 2024

作者： Rahmani, Zeinab Pinto, Armando N. Barbosa, Luis S. Department of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Instituto de Telecomunicações Aveiro Portugal International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory Braga Portugal Department of Computer Science University of Minho Braga Portugal Institute of Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Braga Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031856990

Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) facilitates secure collaboration among multiple parties while safeguarding the privacy of their confidential data. This paper introduces a two-party quantum SMC protocol designed for evaluating binary Boolean functions using single qubits. Complexity analyses demonstrate a reduction of 66.7% in required quantum resources, achieved by utilizing single qubits instead of multi-particle entangled states. However, the quantum communication cost has increased by 40% due to the amplified exchange of qubits among participants. Furthermore, we bolster security by performing additional quantum operations along the y-axis of the Bloch sphere, effectively hiding the output from potential adversaries. We design the corresponding quantum circuit and implement the proposed protocol on the IBM Qiskit platform, yielding reliable outcomes. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Qubits

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Toward Understanding Federated Learning over Unreliable Networks

IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and ...

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IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking 2025年 3卷 80-97页

作者： Feng, Chenyuan Arafa, Ahmed Chen, Zihan Zhao, Mingxiong Quek, Tony Q. S. Yang, Howard H. EURECOM Department of Communication Biot06410 France University of North Carolina at Charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CharlotteNC28223 United States Singapore University of Technology and Design Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Tampines487372 Singapore Yunnan University Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace National Pilot School of Software Kunming650106 China Zhejiang University ZJU-UIUC Institute Haining314400 China Zhejiang University College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310007 China University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ChampaignIL61820 United States

This paper studies the efficiency of training a statistical model among an edge server and multiple clients via Federated Learning (FL) - a machine learning method that preserves data privacy in the training process - over wireless networks. Due to unreliable wireless channels and constrained communication resources, the server can only choose a handful of clients for parameter updates during each communication round. To address this issue, analytical expressions are derived to characterize the FL convergence rate, accounting for key features from both communication and algorithmic aspects, including transmission reliability, scheduling policies, and momentum method. First, the analysis reveals that either delicately designed user scheduling policies or expanding higher bandwidth to accommodate more clients in each communication round can expedite model training in networks with reliable connections. However, these methods become ineffective when the connection is erratic. Second, it has been verified that incorporating the momentum method into the model training algorithm accelerates the rate of convergence and provides greater resilience against transmission failures. Last, extensive empirical simulations are provided to verify these theoretical discoveries and enhancements in performance. © 2023 CCBY.

关键词： Federated learning

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Blockchain-Enabled Secure Offloading for VEC: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 2978-2995页

作者： Lu, Xiaozhen Xiao, Liang Xiao, Yilin Xiong, Zehui Liu, Zhe Zhang, Yanyong Zhuang, Weihua Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing211106 China Xiamen University Department of Information and Communication Engineering Xiamen361005 China Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen518172 China Singapore University of Technology and Design Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design 487372 Singapore Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou310027 China University of Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230026 China University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Vehicular edge computing (VEC) helps improve the task computational performance of vehicles on roads but has difficulty in defending against eavesdropping and selfish attacks simultaneously. In this paper, we design a reputation-based smart contract with blockchain and propose a multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) based secure offloading scheme for VEC against both eavesdropping and selfish attacks. This scheme has a three-level hierarchical structure for each vehicle and uses the reputations obtained from the blockchain as the basis to optimize the edge node selection, offloading ratio, and power allocation, which aims to reduce the task computational latency, the vehicle energy consumption and eavesdropping rate. By using a punishment function based on the constraints, this scheme avoids exploring dangerous policies that can cause task failure or severe data leakage. A multi-agent deep RL-based secure offloading scheme is proposed for vehicles with sufficient resources, which evaluates the long-term risk rather than the punishment function to further improve the secure offloading performance. The regret bound is analyzedand the cumulative reward upper bound is provided. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our schemes as compared with the benchmark. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Computation offloading

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TCIP: Transformed Colour Intensity Profiles analysis for fault detection in power line insulators

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4503-4534页

作者： Tomaszewski, Michal Gasz, Rafal Kasana, Singara Singh Osuchowski, Jakub Singh, Simranjit Zator, Slawomir Department of Computer Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Haryana Haryana Mahendergarh123031 India Department of Information Technology Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Punjab Jalandhar India Department of Safety Engineering and Technical Systems Faculty of Production Engineering and Logistics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland

In response to the escalating demand for electricity, the aging process and inherent failures in power lines have become unavoidable challenges in their operational integrity. This research addresses the imperative need for a robust method to detect damage in power insulator disc images, introducing a novel feature extraction technique grounded in color intensity profile transformation and ensemble learning. For the purposes of the research, a specific dataset was developed based on publicly available images of power insulators. The collection consists of 9232 images of insulator discs which included 2184 images of damaged discs. The discernible damages include breakages and burnouts. Two distinct analysis variants were employed. In the first variant (V1), two classification groups were selected: disc with damages and disc without damages. In the second variant (V2), three classification groups were selected: discs without damage, broken discs, and burnout discs. The described research was divided into two successive stages. In the first of them (S1), the transformed color intensity profiles for the prepared data set were built and various machine learning models for their classification were trained and evaluated. In the next stage (S2), previously developed, highest efficient machine learning models, were used to make the detection of various damaged types of overhead line insulator discs. For the first stage of research high-performance results and a high value of the F1 score parameters were obtained (F1 score = 0.999 for the first variant (S1V1) and F1 score = 0.992 for the second variant (S1V2). In the second stage of research and the first variant (S2V1), the highest result of the F1 score was 0.932 and for the second variant (S2V2) F1 score was 0.930. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Security Aspects of Container Orchestration in Kubernetes Environments 24

Security Aspects of Container Orchestration in Kubernetes En...

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24th International Symposium INFOTEH-JAHORINA, INFOTEH 2025

作者： Stanišić, Sava Vesković, Milan Ristić, Olga Dordević, Borislav Faculty of Technical Sciences Department of Computer and Software Engineering Čačak Serbia Mihajlo Pupin Institute Imp Computer Systems Belgrade Serbia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515799

Security is one of the key challenges in container orchestration, especially in complex environments. This paper explores the security aspects of implementing containerized applications using Docker within a Kubernetes cluster. The first part of the paper describes Docker, Kubernetes, and various ways of applying them within DevOps methodology. It then presents potential vulnerabilities during the implementation of these technologies, as well as vulnerabilities specific to Docker and Kubernetes. Subsequently, some solutions for securing a Kubernetes environment are described. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Docker Kubernetes security

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Automatic Adjustment of HPA Parameters and Attack Prevention in Kubernetes Using Random Forests 24

Automatic Adjustment of HPA Parameters and Attack Prevention...

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9th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Internet of Things, CCIOT 2024

作者： Chan, Huah Yong Zhou, Hanlin Ni, Jingfei Wu, Mengchun Deng, Qing School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Malaysia Xiamen Institute of Software Technology Xiamen China Department of Manzhouli Customs Manzhouli China College of Information Science and Engineering Jimei University Xiamen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717161

In this paper, HTTP status codes are used as custom metrics within the HPA as the experimental scenario. By integrating the Random Forest classification algorithm from machine learning, attacks are assessed and predicted, dynamically adjusting the maximum pod parameter in the HPA to manage attack traffic. This approach enables the adjustment of HPA parameters using machine learning scripts in targeted attack scenarios while effectively managing attack traffic. All access from attacking IPs is redirected to honeypot pods, achieving a lower incidence of 5XX status codes through HPA pod adjustments under high load conditions. This method also ensures effective isolation of attack traffic, preventing excessive HPA expansion due to attacks. Additionally, experiments conducted under various conditions demonstrate the importance of setting appropriate thresholds for HPA adjustments. Copyright © 2024 held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Random forests

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