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arXiv 2024年

作者： Froese, Vincent Grillo, Moritz Skutella, Martin Technische Universität Berlin Faculty IV Institute of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science Algorithmics and Computational Complexity Germany Technische Universität Berlin Faculty II Institute of Mathematics Combinatorial Optimization and Graph Algorithms Germany

Neural networks with ReLU activation play a key role in modern machine learning. In view of safety-critical applications, the verification of trained networks is of great importance and necessitates a thorough understanding of essential properties of the function computed by a ReLU network, including characteristics like injectivity and surjectivity. Recently, Puthawala et al. [JMLR 2022] came up with a characterization for injectivity of a ReLU layer, which implies an exponential-time algorithm. However, the exact computational complexity of deciding injectivity remained open. We answer this question by proving coNP-completeness of deciding injectivity of a ReLU layer. On the positive side, as our main result, we present a parameterized algorithm which yields fixed-parameter tractability of the problem with respect to the input dimension. In addition, we also characterize surjectivity for two-layer ReLU networks with one-dimensional output. Remarkably, the decision problem turns out to be the complement of a basic network verification task. We prove NP-hardness for surjectivity, implying a stronger hardness result than previously known for the network verification problem. Finally, we reveal interesting connections to computational convexity by formulating the surjectivity problem as a zonotope containment problem. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Complex networks

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DomainDrop: Suppressing Domain-Sensitive Channels for Domain Generalization

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Guo, Jintao Qi, Lei Shi, Yinghuan State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China National Institute of Healthcare Data Science Nanjing University China School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Bangladesh

Deep Neural Networks have exhibited considerable success in various visual tasks. However, when applied to unseen test datasets, state-of-the-art models often suffer performance degradation due to domain shifts. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for domain generalization from a novel perspective of enhancing the robustness of channels in feature maps to domain shifts. We observe that models trained on source domains contain a substantial number of channels that exhibit unstable activations across different domains, which are inclined to capture domain-specific features and behave abnormally when exposed to unseen target domains. To address the issue, we propose a DomainDrop framework to continuously enhance the channel robustness to domain shifts, where a domain discriminator is used to identify and drop unstable channels in feature maps of each network layer during forward propagation. We theoretically prove that our framework could effectively lower the generalization bound. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks indicate that our framework achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to other competing methods. Our code is available at https://***/lingeringlight/DomainDrop. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Compact SPICE model for TeraFET resonant detectors

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Xueqing Zhang, Yuhui Ytterdal, Trond Shur, Michael The Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street Troy NY12180 United States The Department of Electronic Systems Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim7491 Norway

This paper presents an improved compact model for TeraFETs employing a nonlinear transmission line approach to describe the non-uniform carrier density oscillations and electron inertia effects in the TeraFET channels. By calculating the equivalent components for each segment of the channel—conductance, capacitance, and inductance—based on the voltages at the segment's nodes, our model accommodates non-uniform variations along the channel. We validate the efficacy of this approach by comparing terahertz (THz) response simulations with experimental data and MOSA1, EKV TeraFET SPICE models, analytical theories, and Multiphysics simulations. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Terahertz wave detectors

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Prediction Aided by Surrogate Training

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xia, Eric Wainwright, Martin J. Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Statistics and Data Science Center Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Statistics and Data Science Center Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

We study a class of prediction problems in which relatively few observations have associated responses, but all observations include both standard covariates as well as additional "helper" covariates. While the end goal is to make high-quality predictions using only the standard covariates, helper covariates can be exploited during training to improve prediction. Helper covariates arise in many applications, including forecasting in time series;incorporation of biased or mis-calibrated predictions from foundation models;and sharing information in transfer learning. We propose "prediction aided by surrogate training" (PAST), a class of methods that exploit labeled data to construct a response estimator based on both the standard and helper covariates;and then use the full dataset with pseudo-responses to train a predictor based only on standard covariates. We establish guarantees on the prediction error of this procedure, with the response estimator allowed to be constructed in an arbitrary way, and the final predictor fit by empirical risk minimization over an arbitrary function class. These upper bounds involve the risk associated with the oracle data set (all responses available), plus an overhead that measures the accuracy of the pseudo-responses. This theory characterizes both regimes in which PAST accuracy is comparable to the oracle accuracy, as well as more challenging regimes where it behaves poorly. We demonstrate its empirical performance across a range of applications, including forecasting of societal ills over time with future covariates as helpers;prediction of cardiovascular risk after heart attacks with prescription data as helpers;and diagnosing pneumonia from chest X-rays using machine-generated predictions as helpers. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Prediction models

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A Novel Wideband CPW-Fed 5.8GHz RFID Tag Antenna

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第2期21卷 202-208页

作者： Huihui Li Xuanqin Mou Zhen Ji Hang Yu Yan Li Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Embedded System Design Shenzhen China

A novel wideband 5.8GHz CPW-fed antenna is presented for Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Four U-shaped and four L-shaped branches are used as additional resonators to achieve wideband operation. The proposed antenna was analyzed numerically using the Method of moment (MOM) and the Finite element method (FEM). With the antenna size limited to $30\times 30 \text{mm}^{2}$ , the −10dB bandwidth obtained by MOM is 3.235GHz (5.765∼9GHz) and the −9.5dB band-width obtained by FEM is 2.74GHz (5.32∼8.06GHz), corresponding to 55.7% and 47.2% of the center frequency 5.8GHz respectively. Moreover, the simulated results show that the proposed antenna has gain of more than 4.8dBi and the radiation pattern is nearly omnidirectional in the H-plane. The measured −10dB bandwidth is 2.68GHz (5.63GHz∼8.31GHz), 46.2% of the 5.8GHz frequency. Furthermore, there are three measured resonant frequencies at 1.34GHz, 3.23GHz and 5.8GHz with lower than −10dB return loss respectively. The measurement result achieves a wideband RFID tag antenna performance and is in good agreement with the calculated results.

关键词： Antenna measurements Resonant frequency Loss measurement Frequency measurement Finite element analysis Broadband antennas RFID tags

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A Lightweight CNN Based on Transfer Learning for COVID-19 Diagnosis

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 1123-1137页

作者： Xiaorui Zhang Jie Zhou Wei Sun Sunil Kumar Jha Wuxi Research Institute Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyWuxi214100China Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of EducationJiangsu Engineering Center of Network MonitoringSchool of Computer and SoftwareNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Automation Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 China IT Fundamentals and Education Technologies Applications University of Information Technology and Management in RzeszowRzeszow Voivodeship100031Poland

The key to preventing the COVID-19 is to diagnose patients quickly and *** have shown that using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)to analyze chest Computed Tomography(CT)images is helpful for timely COVID-19 ***,personal privacy issues,public chest CT data sets are relatively few,which has limited CNN’s application to COVID-19 ***,many CNNs have complex structures and massive *** if equipped with the dedicated Graphics Processing Unit(GPU)for acceleration,it still takes a long time,which is not conductive to widespread *** solve above problems,this paper proposes a lightweight CNN classification model based on transfer *** the lightweight CNN MobileNetV2 as the backbone of the model to solve the shortage of hardware resources and computing *** order to alleviate the problem of model overfitting caused by insufficient data set,transfer learning is used to train the *** study first exploits the weight parameters trained on the ImageNet database to initialize the MobileNetV2 network,and then retrain the model based on the CT image data set provided by *** results on a computer equipped only with the Central Processing Unit(CPU)show that it consumes only 1.06 s on average to diagnose a chest CT *** to other lightweight models,the proposed model has a higher classification accuracy and reliability while having a lightweight architecture and few parameters,which can be easily applied to computers without GPU ***:***/ZhouJie-520/paper-codes.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks chest computed tomography image COVID-19 transfer learning mobileNetv2

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Maximizing IoT Security: An Examination of Cryptographic Algorithms

Maximizing IoT Security: An Examination of Cryptographic Alg...

引用

International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control (PEEIC)

作者： Leena Arya Yogesh Kumar Sharma Ramakrishna Kumar Harish Padmanaban Suman Devi Lalit Kumar Tyagi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Guntur AP India Department of ECE College of Engineering National University of Science and Technology Muscat Sultanate of Oman Site Reliability and Software Engineering Professional Investment Banking Texas Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chaudhary Devi Lal University Sirsa Haryana India Department of Computer Science and Engineering G L Bajaj Institute of Technology Greater Noida

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has created a ubiquitous network of interconnected sensors and devices that generate and exchange vast amounts of data. With this increased connectivity comes a pressing need for robust security measures to safeguard IoT communications' integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity. This paper categorizes cryptographic algorithms commonly employed in IoT security, including symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods, digital signatures, and key exchange protocols. By examining the attributes of these algorithms, their strengths, and potential vulnerabilities, this paper assesses their effectiveness within the unique context of IoT. Furthermore, the paper highlights the significance of cryptographic algorithm optimization in IoT security. Strategies for enhancing algorithm efficiency, such as algorithm selection, key management, and hardware acceleration are thoroughly explored. Through these case studies, this paper underscores the practical implications of cryptographic algorithm selection and optimization, illustrating how they can prevent security breaches and enhance IoT security.

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Low-disturbance Nonlinear Control of TBM Cutterhead Speed in Coal Mine Tunneling

Low-disturbance Nonlinear Control of TBM Cutterhead Speed in...

引用

Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Nannan Liu Tong Wang Jianmin Wang Yingda Fan School of Electronic and Information Engineering Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo China Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Department of Computer Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665464543

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464550

To minimize the disturbance of the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) cutterhead on the surrounding rock during the coal mine roadway excavation process and ensure that the cutterhead rotation speed achieves fast tracking performance with minimal overshoot, we propose a direct adaptive robust control method for the cutterhead rotation speed hydraulic system based on inversion design. This method considers the strong disturbances such as loads and motion affecting the cutterhead hydraulic drive system, as well as the uncertainties in the cutterhead model. We establish the nonlinear model of the cutterhead hydraulic drive system and employ virtual control to reduce the model order. Using Lyapunov functions, we ensure the stability of the entire system and derive the control law for the cutterhead rotation speed controller, along with parameter-adaptive laws acting as parameter estimators. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy through joint simulation using AMESim and Simulink. The results show that the designed cutterhead rotation speed controller achieves high tracking accuracy and good adaptability.

关键词： Robust control Adaptation models Uncertainty Tracking software packages Hydraulic drives Tunneling Stability analysis Coal mining Load modeling

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Patch-based CNN Models for Bone Marrow Edema Detection Using MRI

Patch-based CNN Models for Bone Marrow Edema Detection Using...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： André Gomes Tania Pereira Francisco Silva Pedro Franco Diogo Costa Carvalho Sílvia Costa Dias Hélder P. Oliveira INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science FEUP - Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science FCUP - Faculty of Science University of Porto Porto Portugal CHUSJ - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João Porto Portugal Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal

Bone marrow edema (BME) or bone marrow lesion is the term attributed to an observed signal change within the bone marrow in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). BME can be originated from multiple mechanisms, with pain being the main symptom. The presence of BME is an unspecific but sensitive sign with a wide differential diagnosis, that may act as a guide that leads to a systematic and correct interpretation of the magnetic resonance examination. An automatic approach for BME detection and quantification aims to reduce the overload of clinicians, decreasing human error and accelerating the time to the correct diagnosis. In this work, the bone region on the MRI slice was split into several patches and a CNN-based model was trained to detect BME in each patch from the MRI slice. The learning model developed achieved an AUC of 0.853 ± 0.056, showing that the CNN-based model can be used to detect BME in the MRI and confirming the patch strategy implemented to deal with the small data size and allowing the neural network to learn the specific information related with the classification task by reducing the region of the image to be considered. A learning model that can help clinicians with BME identification will decrease the time and the error for the diagnosis, and represent the first step for a more objective assessment of the BME.

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The Capability of Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network for Detecting Cyber Attack of Distributed Denial of Service in Smart Grid 18

The Capability of Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network for D...

引用

18th International computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing, ICCWAMTIP 2021

作者： Monday, Happy Nkanta Li, Jian Ping Nneji, Grace Ugochi Yutra, Abel Zenebe Lemessa, Bona Debela Nahar, Saifun James, Edidiong Christopher Haq, Amin Ul University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu Sichuan 611731 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Information and Software Engineering Chengdu Sichuan 611731 China University of Missouri School of Computer and Information Systems St LouisMO United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665413640

The electrical system's dependability, security, and efficiency are all improved through smart grid technologies. Its dependence on digital communication technology, on the other hand, introduces new risks and vulnerabilities that should be examined for the purpose to providing effective and trustworthy service delivery. This study presents a method for the detection of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on smart grid infrastructure. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used in the suggested approach to convert one-dimensional traffic data to two-dimensional time-frequency domain scalogram as the input to the wavelet convolutional neural network (WavCovNet) to detect anomalous behavior in the data by distinguishing attack features from normal patterns. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach detects DDoS attacks with a high rate of detection and with a very low rate of false alarm. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Smart power grids

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