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An infrastructure software perspective toward computation offloading between executable specifications and foundation models

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 380-382页

作者： Dezhi RAN Mengzhou WU Yuan CAO Assaf MARRON David HAREL Tao XIE Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (PKU) Ministry of Education School of Computer SciencePeking University School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science

Foundation models(FMs) [1] have revolutionized software development and become the core components of large software systems. This paradigm shift, however, demands fundamental re-imagining of software engineering theories and methodologies [2]. Instead of replacing existing software modules implemented by symbolic logic, incorporating FMs' capabilities to build software systems requires entirely new modules that leverage the unique capabilities of ***, while FMs excel at handling uncertainty, recognizing patterns, and processing unstructured data, we need new engineering theories that support the paradigm shift from explicitly programming and maintaining user-defined symbolic logic to creating rich, expressive requirements that FMs can accurately perceive and implement.

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Enhanced MADM Strategy with Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Distance Metrics

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 78卷 74-96页

作者： Eassa, Mohamed Myvizhi, M. Elkholy, Mohamed Abdelhafeez, Ahmed Elbehiery, Hussam Computer Science Department Faculty of Information System and Computer Science October 6 University Giza12585 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Mathematics KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Faculty of Computer Science& Engineering Alamein International University Egypt

In this work, a novel methodological approach to multi-attribute decision-making problems is developed and the notion of Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Set Distance Measures (HNSDM) is introduced. By averaging the Penta-Partitioned Neutrosophic Distance Measures under particular conditional criteria, the suggested technique ranks the options. Additionally, we explore the fundamental characteristics of HNSDM and provide several illustrative theorems. The Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Set Distance Measures are formulated based on the Hepta Neutrosophic Set. Lastly, a practical numerical example is provided to illustrate the efficacy of the suggested methodology. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic set Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic set and MADM strategy Heptapartitioned set Neutrosophic sine distance measure

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Nonlinearity in Large-Cycle Cellular Automata

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Complex Systems 2025年第1期34卷 129-160页

作者： Mukherjee, Sukanya Adak, Sumit Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Engineering and Management Kolkata University of Engineering and Management West Bengal Kolkata700091 India Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science DTU Compute Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby2800 Denmark

The class of maximal-length cellular automata (CAs) has gained significant attention over the last few years due to the fact that it can generate cycles with the longest possible lengths. For every l of the form l = 2n-1 where n ∈ , a cycle of length l can be generated by a cellular automaton (CA) of size ⌊log2 l⌋ + 1;this maximal-length CA is in fact the optimal (minimum-sized) CA to generate a cycle of length l. However, maximal-length CAs are, in general, linear and have some drawbacks. Moreover, it is nontrivial to address this problem for any l ∈ , that is, removing the constraint that l is of the form 2n-1. In this paper we therefore employ nonlinearity in the rules and aim to generate the near-optimal CA for any given cycle length l, meaning that the generated CAs will be of size n = (⌊log2 l⌋ + 1) + d, where the displacement d is as small as possible. We use a generic operator to concatenate a collection of component CAs of sizes n1, n2, …, nk by employing an evolutionary strategy. Here, n = n1 + n2 + ⋯ + nk and l ≥ lcm(1, 2, …, k ), where i (1 ≤ i ≤ k) is the maximum cycle length of a CA of size ni . An influencing factor in the design of component CAs is to achieve the near-optimal CA for a given cycle length. Here we consider nonlinear reversible large-cycle CAs as component CAs. We also measure the effectiveness of nonlinearity in large-cycle generation. © 2025, Complex Systems Publications, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： CAs cellular automata evolution large-cycle CA neighborhood dependent nonlinearity reversible CAs

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Strongly coupled two-scale system with nonlinear dispersion: weak solvability and numerical simulation

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Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Physik 2025年第3期76卷 1-26页

作者： Raveendran, Vishnu Nepal, Surendra Lyons, Rainey Eden, Michael Muntean, Adrian Institute for Numerical Simulation University of Bonn Bonn Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden Department of Applied Mathematics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO United States

We investigate a two-scale system featuring an upscaled parabolic dispersion–reaction equation intimately linked to a family of elliptic cell problems. The system is strongly coupled through a dispersion tensor, which depends on the solutions to the cell problems, and via the cell problems themselves, where the solution of the parabolic problem interacts nonlinearly with the drift term. This particular mathematical structure is motivated by a rigorously derived upscaled reaction–diffusion–convection model that describes the evolution of a population of interacting particles pushed by a large drift through an array of periodically placed obstacles (i.e., through a regular porous medium). We prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to our system by means of an iterative scheme, where particular care is needed to ensure the uniform positivity of the dispersion tensor. Additionally, we use finite element-based approximations for the same iteration scheme to perform multiple simulation studies. Finally, we highlight how the choice of micro-geometry (building the regular porous medium) and of the nonlinear drift coupling affects the macroscopic dispersion of particles. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Iterative scheme Nonlinear dispersion Simulation Two-scale system Weak solutions

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Enhancing Urban Air Quality with Smart Vehicle Exhaust Management

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Operations Research Forum 2025年第2期6卷 1-24页

作者： Tyagi, Vaishali Dubey, Roshan Singh, Suraj Ram, Mangey Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities ABES Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad India Department of Computer Science & Engineering ABES Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad India Department of Mathematics Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University Uttarakhand Dehradun India

Air pollution is the contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical, or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Burning gasoline and diesel fuel creates harmful byproducts like nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, benzene, and formaldehyde. This study proposes a sensor-based model to control vehicular pollution by monitoring emission levels and preventing vehicles from operating if their pollution exceeds government standards. The proposed model consists of a smoke sensor, particulate sensors, carbon monoxide sensors, along with Arduino based microcontroller, data logger, LCD display, and GPRS modem. Using the block diagram, a mathematical model has been developed and some differential equations by using Markov process have been generated. This Markov-based model gives the information about the failure causes and working of the proposed system. Some reliability matrices like availability, mean time between failure (MTBF), and sensitivity analysis have been evaluated with the help of Laplace transform and illustrated with the help of graphs. Also, the failure cases of the system and its cost analysis have been done along with all the numerical calculations required for the successful operation of the model. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Air pollution Cost analysis Failure cases Markov process Reliability Sensor system

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From Infants to AI: Incorporating Infant-like Learning in Models Boosts Efficiency and Generalization in Learning Social Prediction Tasks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Treger, Shify Ullman, Shimon Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science

Early in development, infants learn a range of useful concepts, which can be challenging from a computational standpoint. This early learning comes together with an initial understanding of aspects of the meaning of concepts, e.g., their implications, causality, and using them to predict likely future events. All this is accomplished in many cases with little or no supervision, and from relatively few examples, compared with current network models. In learning about objects and human-object interactions, early acquired and possibly innate concepts are often used in the process of learning additional, more complex concepts. In the current work, we model how early-acquired concepts are used in the learning of subsequent concepts, and compare the results with standard deep network modeling. We focused in particular on the use of the concepts of animacy and goal attribution in learning to predict future events. We show that the use of early concepts in the learning of new concepts leads to better learning (higher accuracy) and more efficient learning (requiring less data). We further show that this integration of early and new concepts shapes the representation of the concepts acquired by the model. The results show that when the concepts were learned in a human-like manner, the emerging representation was more useful, as measured in terms of generalization to novel data and tasks. On a more general level, the results suggest that there are likely to be basic differences in the conceptual structures acquired by current network models compared to human learning. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Multi-Level Feature Distillation of Joint Teachers Trained on Distinct Image Datasets

Multi-Level Feature Distillation of Joint Teachers Trained o...

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2025 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of computer Vision, WACV 2025

作者： Iordache, Adrian Alexe, Bogdan Ionescu, Radu Tudor University of Bucharest Department of Computer Science Bucharest Romania 'Gheorghe Mihoc - Caius Iacob' Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Applied Mathematics The Romanian Academy Bucharest Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510831

We propose a novel teacher-student framework to distill knowledge from multiple teachers trained on distinct datasets. Each teacher is first trained from scratch on its own dataset. Then, the teachers are combined into a joint architecture, which fuses the features of all teachers at multiple representation levels. The joint teacher architecture is fine-tuned on samples from all datasets, thus gathering useful generic information from all data samples. Finally, we employ a multi-level feature distillation procedure to transfer the knowledge to a student model for each of the considered datasets. We conduct image classification experiments on seven benchmarks, and action recognition experiments on three benchmarks. To illustrate the power of our feature distillation procedure, the student architectures are chosen to be identical to those of the individual teachers. To demonstrate the flexibility of our approach, we combine teachers with distinct architectures. We show that our novel Multi-Level Feature Distillation (MLFD) can significantly surpass equivalent architectures that are either trained on individual datasets, or jointly trained on all datasets at once. Furthermore, we confirm that each step of the proposed training procedure is well motivated by a comprehensive ablation study. We publicly release our code at https://***/AdrianIordache/MLFD. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Teaching

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Inter-Stream Dependencies in Time-Sensitive Networking 28

Inter-Stream Dependencies in Time-Sensitive Networking

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28th Conference on Innovation in Clouds, Internet and Networks, ICIN 2025

作者： Chahed, Hamza Yarvis, Mark Frick, Florian Kassler, Andreas Intel Deutschland GmbH Germany Intel Corporation United States Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden Institute for Control Technology of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Equipment University of Stuttgart Germany Faculty of Applied Computer Science Deggendorf Institute of Technology Deggendorf Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542399

Effective configuration of Time-Sensitive Networks is crucial for providing timeliness and reliability guarantees for real-time industrial applications, where many inter-dependent streams may co-exist. However, existing methods for specifying the characteristics of real-time streams to the Centralized Network Configuration element (CNC) do not allow the specification of stream dependencies. Consequently, the CNC may schedule the real-time streams in a sub-optimal way, leading to low number of real-time applications supported. To address this pressing issue, we present methods that allow to model and express such inter-stream dependencies and propose extensions to the user network interface (UNI) to convey these dependencies to the CNC, transforming it into an intent-based UNI. We define a novel metric to evaluate a specific network configuration regarding the latency budget available for scheduling the transmission of a stream. Using a set of numerical simulations, we show that when exploiting the knowledge of inter-stream dependencies, we can derive better network schedules, which results in significant increase in applications onboarding up to 2.2x and increased network utilization for real-time streams up to 3x. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Budget control

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Hesitant Bi-fuzzy Dombi Operator Based Group Decision-making Approach for Electric Vehicle Selection

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Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability 2025年 1-35页

作者： Golui, S. Das, Bidyut Mahapatra, G.S. Mahapatra, B.S. Department of Engineering Sciences and Humanities Siliguri Institute of Technology Siliguri 734009 India Department of Applied Mathematics Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology Haringhata 741249 India Department of Master of Computer Applications Siliguri Institute of Technology Siliguri 734009 India Department of Mathematics National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal 609609 India School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia 721657 India

Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the sustainable modes of transportation that can reduce the air pollution caused by fossil fuel-powered automobiles. The literature overlooks non-technical criteria, including environmental considerations and social responsibility in the EV selection process, which may navigate the adoption of EVs. This study addresses the EV selection process in the hesitant bi-fuzzy context, considering technical and non-technical EV features. A multi-criteria group decision-making approach is developed to evaluate EVs utilizing a modified hesitant bi-fuzzy COmbinative Distance-based Assessment technique. This study proposes a novel hesitant bi-fuzzy Dombi weighted average operator to integrate the decision maker’s opinions with their weightage. The proposed approach incorporates the importance of the criteria evaluated by the method based on the removal effects of criteria and hesitant information in Euclidean and Taxicab metrics to produce the ranking sequence of EVs. The Python code for the suggested group decision-making model is provided to rationalize the computational process. This study highlights the relative importance of charging time, price, and range compared to the remaining features in selecting EVs. The study’s findings indicate that the technical features of an EV are still a primary consideration for the customers. These findings will assist policymakers and EV industry stakeholders in making decisions to focus on EV modification. A comparative analysis with the existing decision-making models encompasses the applicability of the proposed technique. In contrast, the sensitivity analysis demonstrates the suggested approach’s robustness through the alteration in decision makers’ s preferences, internal parameters, and criteria importance to assess their impact on the final rankings of EVs. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： CODAS Dombi operator Electric vehicle Hesitant bi-fuzzy set MCGDM

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Latent Representation Learning for Multimodal Brain Activity Translation

Latent Representation Learning for Multimodal Brain Activity...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Afrasiyabi, Arman Bhaskar, Dhananjay Busch, Erica L. Caplette, Laurent Singh, Rahul Lajoie, Guillaume Turk-Browne, Nicholas B. Krishnaswamy, Smita Department of Computer Science Department of Applied Mathematics Department of Psychology Department of Genetics Department of Mathematics and Statistics Mila - Quebec AI Institute Canada Université de Montréal Canada Wu Tsai Institute United States Yale University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Neuroscience employs diverse neuroimaging techniques, each offering distinct insights into brain activity, from electrophysiological recordings such as EEG, which have high temporal resolution, to hemodynamic modalities such as fMRI, which have increased spatial precision. However, integrating these heterogeneous data sources remains a challenge, which limits a comprehensive understanding of brain function. We present the Spatiotemporal Alignment of Multimodal Brain Activity (SAMBA) framework, which bridges the spatial and temporal resolution gaps across modalities by learning a unified latent space free of modality-specific biases. SAMBA introduces a novel attention-based wavelet decomposition for spectral filtering of electrophysiological recordings, graph attention networks to model functional connectivity between functional brain units, and recurrent layers to capture temporal autocorrelations in brain signal. We show that the training of SAMBA, aside from achieving translation, also learns a rich representation of brain information processing. We showcase this classify external stimuli driving brain activity from the representation learned in hidden layers of SAMBA, paving the way for broad downstream applications in neuroscience research and clinical contexts. © 2025 IEEE.

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