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Correction to: Towards a ‘smart’ cost–benefit tool: using machine learning to predict the costs of criminal justice policy interventions

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Crime science 2018年第1期7卷 1-1页

作者： Matthew Manning Gabriel T. W. Wong Toni Makkai Timothy Graham Thilina Ranbaduge Peter Christen Kerry Taylor Richard Wortley Pierre Skorich ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods Australian National University Canberra Australia Research School of Computer Science Australian National University Canberra Australia Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science University College London London UK Australian Public Service Canberra Australia

Commissioning of the J-PET detector in view of the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

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Hyperfine Interactions 2018年第1期239卷 40-40页

作者： Dulski, K. Curceanu, C. Czerwiński, E. Gajos, A. Gorgol, M. Gupta-Sharma, N. Hiesmayr, B.C. Jasińska, B. Kacprzak, K. Kaplon, L. Kisielewska, D. Klimaszewski, K. Korcyl, G. Kowalski, P. Krawczyk, N. Krzemień, W. Kozik, T. Kubicz, E. Mohammed, M. Niedźwiecki, Sz. Palka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, M. Raczyński, L. Raj, J. Rakoczy, K. Rudy, Z. Sharma, S. Shivani Shopa, R.Y. Silarski, M. Skurzok, M. Wiślicki, W. Zgardzińska, B. Moskal, P. Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University S. Lojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati CP 13 Via E. Fermi 40 00044 Frascati Italy Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Boltzmanngasse 5 Vienna1090 Austria Department of Nuclear Methods Institute of Physics Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1 20-031 Lublin Poland Department of Complex Systems National Centre for Nuclear Research Otwock-Świerk05-400 Poland High Energy Department National Centre for Nuclear Research Otwock-Świerk05-400 Poland

The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is the first PET device built from plastic scintillators. It is a multi-purpose detector designed for medical imaging and for studies of properties of positronium atoms in porous matter and in living organisms. In this article we report on the commissioning of the J-PET detector in view of studies of positronium decays. We present results of analysis of the positron lifetime measured in the porous polymer. The obtained results prove that J-PET is capable of performing simultaneous imaging of the density distribution of annihilation points as well as positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. © 2018, The Author(s).

关键词： Medical imaging

Pulsars with NenuFAR: backend and pipelines

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Bondonneau, Louis Grießmeier, J.-M. Theureau, G. Cognard, I. Brionne, M. Kondratiev, V. Bilous, A. McKee, J.W. Zarka, P. Viou, C. Guillemot, L. Chen, S. Main, R. Pilia, M. Possenti, A. Serylak, M. Shaifullah, G. Tiburzi, C. Verbiest, J.P.W. Wu, Z. Wucknitz, O. Yerin, S. Briand, C. Cecconi, B. Corbel, S. Dallier, R. Girard, J.N. Loh, A. Martin, L. Tasse, C. LPC2E - Université d’Orléans CNRS France Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay Observatoire de Paris - CNRS/INSU USR 704 - Univ. Orléans OSUC Route de Souesmes Nançay18330 France Laboratoire Univers et Théories LUTh Observatoire de Paris CNRS/INSU Université Paris Diderot 5 Place Jules Janssen Meudon92190 France ASTRON Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4 Dwingeloo7991 PD Netherlands Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto 60 St. George Street TorontoONM5S 3H8 Canada INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari via della Scienza 5 Selargius09047 Italy Universitá di Cagliari Dipartimento di Fisica S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0 Monserrato700 - 09042 Italy South African Radio Astronomy Observatory 2 Fir Street Black River Park Observatory7925 South Africa Department of Physics and Astronomy University of the Western Cape Bellville Cape Town7535 South Africa Fakultät für Physik Universität Bielefeld Postfach 100131 Bielefeld33501 Germany Department of Radio Astronomy Equipment and Methods of Observations Institute of Radio Astronomy of NAS of Ukraine Kharkiv Ukraine Department of Astronomy and Space Computer Science V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Kharkiv Ukraine LESIA Observatoire de Paris CNRS PSL SU/UP/UO Meudon92195 France AIM CEA CNRS Université de Paris Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France SUBATECH Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique CNRS/IN2P3 Université de Nantes Nantes44307 France GEPI Observatoire de Paris CNRS PSL SU/UP/UO Meudon92195 France Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies Department of Physics and Electronics Rhodes University Grahamstown6140 South Africa

Context. NenuFAR (New extension in Nançay upgrading LoFAR) is a new radio telescope developed and built on the site of the Nançay Radio Observatory. It is designed to observe the largely unexplored frequency window from 10 to 85 MHz, offering a high sensitivity across its full bandwidth. NenuFAR has started its "early science" operation in July 2019, with 58% of its final collecting area being available. Aims. Pulsars are one of the major topics for the scientific exploitation of this frequency range and represent an important challenge in terms of instrumentation. Designing instrumentation at these frequencies is complicated by the need to compensate for the effects of both the interstellar medium and the ionosphere on the observed signal. We have designed a dedicated backend and developed a complete pulsar observation and data analysis pipeline, that we describe in detail in the present paper, together with first science results illustrating the diversity of pulsar observing modes available. methods. Our real-time pipeline LUPPI (Low frequency Ultimate Pulsar Processing Instrumentation) is able to cope with a high data rate and to provide real-time coherent de-dispersion down to the lowest frequencies reached by NenuFAR (10 MHz). The full backend functionality is described, as well as the main pulsar observing modes (folded, single-pulse, waveform, and dynamic spectrum). This instrumentation allowed us to detect 172 pulsars in our first targeted search below 85 MHz, including 10 millisecond pulsars (6 of which detected for the first time below 100 MHz). Results. We also present some of the "early science" results of NenuFAR on pulsars: a high frequency resolution mapping of PSR B1919+21’s emission profile and a detailed observation of single-pulse sub-structures from PSR B0809+74 down to 16 MHz, the high rate of giant-pulse emission from the Crab pulsar detected at 68.7 MHz (43 events/min), and the illustration of the very good timing performance of the instrument

关键词： Pulsars

Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries

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Scientific data 2023年第1期10卷 272页

作者： Flavio Azevedo Tomislav Pavlović Gabriel G Rêgo F Ceren Ay Biljana Gjoneska Tom W Etienne Robert M Ross Philipp Schönegger Julián C Riaño-Moreno Aleksandra Cichocka Valerio Capraro Luca Cian Chiara Longoni Ho Fai Chan Jay J Van Bavel Hallgeir Sjåstad John B Nezlek Mark Alfano Michele J Gelfand Michèle D Birtel Aleksandra Cislak Patricia L Lockwood Koen Abts Elena Agadullina John Jamir Benzon Aruta Sahba Nomvula Besharati Alexander Bor Becky L Choma Charles David Crabtree William A Cunningham Koustav De Waqas Ejaz Christian T Elbaek Andrej Findor Daniel Flichtentrei Renata Franc June Gruber Estrella Gualda Yusaku Horiuchi Toan Luu Duc Huynh Agustin Ibanez Mostak Ahamed Imran Jacob Israelashvili Katarzyna Jasko Jaroslaw Kantorowicz Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko André Krouwel Michael Laakasuo Claus Lamm Caroline Leygue Ming-Jen Lin Mohammad Sabbir Mansoor Antoine Marie Lewend Mayiwar Honorata Mazepus Cillian McHugh John Paul Minda Panagiotis Mitkidis Andreas Olsson Tobias Otterbring Dominic J Packer Anat Perry Michael Bang Petersen Arathy Puthillam Tobias Rothmund Hernando Santamaría-García Petra C Schmid Drozdstoy Stoyanov Shruti Tewari Bojan Todosijević Manos Tsakiris Hans H Tung Radu G Umbres Edmunds Vanags Madalina Vlasceanu Andrew Vonasch Meltem Yucel Yucheng Zhang Mohcine Abad Eli Adler Narin Akrawi Hamza Alaoui Mdarhri Hanane Amara David M Amodio Benedict G Antazo Matthew Apps Mouhamadou Hady Ba Sergio Barbosa Brock Bastian Anton Berg Maria P Bernal-Zárate Michael Bernstein Michał Białek Ennio Bilancini Natalia Bogatyreva Leonardo Boncinelli Jonathan E Booth Sylvie Borau Ondrej Buchel C Daryl Cameron Chrissie F Carvalho Tatiana Celadin Chiara Cerami Hom Nath Chalise Xiaojun Cheng Kate Cockcroft Jane Conway Mateo Andres Córdoba-Delgado Chiara Crespi Marie Crouzevialle Jo Cutler Marzena Cypryańska Justyna Dabrowska Michael A Daniels Victoria H Davis Pamala N Dayley Sylvain Delouvée Ognjan Denkovski Guillaume Dezecache Nathan A Dhaliwal Alelie B Diato Roberto Di Paolo Marianna Drosinou Uwe Dulleck Jānis Ekmanis Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge England. fa441@cam.ac.uk. Institute of Communication Science Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Jena Germany. fa441@cam.ac.uk. Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar Zagreb Croatia. Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory Mackenzie Presbyterian University São Paulo Brazil. Department of Economics Norwegian School of Economics Bergen Norway. Telenor Research Oslo Norway. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Skopje Republic of North Macedonia. Kieskompas - Election Compass Amsterdam Netherlands. Department of Political Science & Annenberg School for Communication University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Psychology Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia. Department of Philosophy University of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland. School of Economics and Finance University of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland. Medicine Faculty Cooperative University of Colombia Villavicencio Colombia. Department of Bioethics El Bosque University Bogotá Colombia. School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury England. Department of Economics Middlesex University London London England. Darden School of Business University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA. Questrom School of Business Boston University Boston MA USA. School of Economics and Finance Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia. Center for Behavioural Economics Society and Technology Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia. Department of Psychology and Neural Science New York University New York NY USA. Department of Strategy and Management Norwegian School of Economics Bergen Norway. SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Warsaw Poland. Department of Psychological Sciences College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA USA. Department of Philosophy Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia. Stanford Graduate School of Business Stanford University Stanford CA USA.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.

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Segment3D: A web-based application for collaborative segmentation of 3d images used in the shoot apical meristem

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Spina, Thiago V. Stegmaier, Johannes Falcão, Alexandre X. Meyerowitz, Elliot Cunha, Alexandre Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials Campinas SP Brazil Center for Advanced Methods in Biological Image Analysis California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Institute for Applied Computer Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Institute of Computing University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States

The quantitative analysis of 3D confocal microscopy images of the shoot apical meristem helps understanding the growth process of some plants. Cell segmentation in these images is crucial for computational plant analysis and many automated methods have been proposed. However, variations in signal intensity across the image mitigate the effectiveness of those approaches with no easy way for user correction. We propose a web-based collaborative 3D image segmentation application, SEGMENT3D, to leverage automatic segmentation results. The image is divided into 3D tiles that can be either segmented interactively from scratch or corrected from a pre-existing segmentation. Individual segmentation results per tile are then automatically merged via consensus analysis and then stitched to complete the segmentation for the entire image stack. SEGMENT3D is a comprehensive application that can be applied to other 3D imaging modalities and general objects. It also provides an easy way to create supervised data to advance segmentation using machine learning models. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

Commissioning of the J-PET detector in view of the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Dulski, K. Curceanu, C. Czerwinski, E. Gajos, A. Gorgol, M. Gupta-Sharma, N. Hiesmayr, B.C. Jasinska, B. Kacprzak, K. Kaplon, L. Kisielewska, D. Klimaszewski, K. Korcyl, G. Kowalski, P. Krawczyk, N. Krzemien, W. Kozik, T. Kubicz, E. Mohammed, M. Niedzwiecki, S. Palka, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, M. Raczynski, L. Raczynski, J.R. Rakoczy, K. Rudy, Z. Sharma, S. Shivani Shopa, R.Y. Silarski, M. Skurzok, M. Wislicki, W. Zgardzinska, B. Moskal, P. Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University S. Lojasiewicza 11 Krakow30-348 Poland INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati CP 13 Via E. Fermi 40 Frascati00044 Italy Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Boltzmanngasse 5 Vienna1090 Austria Department of Nuclear Methods Institute of Physics Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1 Lublin20-031 Poland Department of Complex Systems National Centre for Nuclear Research Otwock-Swierk05-400 Poland High Energy Department National Centre for Nuclear Research Otwock-Swierk05-400 Poland

关键词： Positrons

The computer science attitude and identity survey (CSAIS): A novel tool for measuring the impact of ethnic identity in underrepresented computer science students 123

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The computer science attitude and identity survey (CSAIS): A...

123rd ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Washington, Alicia Nicki Grays, Shaefny Dasmohapatra, Sudipta Department of Computer Science and Quantitative Methods Winthrop University Rock HillSC United States North Carolina State University United States Institute for Advanced Analytics North Carolina State University RaleighNC United States

As computer science continues to permeate every aspect of society, the number of students of color adequately prepared for, choosing to pursue, and successfully completing computer science (CS) undergraduate programs is still dismal. CS education research has focused heavily on understanding why students of color don't pursue computer science and identifying better ways to instruct, retain, and engage them. While there are several tools that measure student interest in, knowledge of, and attitude towards CS, there are none that assess the direct impact of ethnic identity on their perceptions of the field and decisions to pursue it. To this extent, the computer science Cultural Attitude and Identity Survey (CSAIS) was developed to measure five important constructs that influence the attitudes and identity of undergraduate students of color in computer science: confidence, interest, gender, professional, and identity. The tool currently targets freshmen and sophomores either entering the university as first-time college students or enrolling in their first CS course. It was validated using current and former computer science students of color. The results indicated that the tool, specifically the identity construct, is a valid and reliable measure of ethnic identity in relation to CS. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2016.

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Spectral analysis and multigrid preconditioners for two-dimensional space-fractional diffusion equations

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Moghaderi, Hamid Dehghan, Mehdi Donatelli, Marco Mazza, Mariarosa Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Amirkabir University of Technology No. 424 Hafez Ave. Tehran15914 Iran Department of Science and High Technology University of Insubria Via Valleggio 11 Como22100 Italy Division of Numerical Methods for Plasma Physics Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics Boltzmannstrasse 2 Garching bei München85748 Germany

Fractional diffusion equations (FDEs) are a mathematical tool used for describing some special diffusion phenomena arising in many different applications like porous media and computational finance. In this paper, we focus on a two-dimensional space-FDE problem discretized by means of a second order finite difference scheme obtained as combination of the Crank-Nicolson scheme and the so-called weighted and shifted Grünwald formula. By fully exploiting the Toeplitz-like structure of the resulting linear system, we provide a detailed spectral analysis of the coefficient matrix at each time step, both in the case of constant and variable diffusion coefficients. Such a spectral analysis has a very crucial role, since it can be used for designing fast and robust iterative solvers. In particular, we employ the obtained spectral information to define a Galerkin multigrid method based on the classical linear interpolation as grid transfer operator and damped-Jacobi as smoother, and to prove the linear convergence rate of the corresponding two-grid method. The theoretical analysis suggests that the proposed grid transfer operator is strong enough for working also with the V-cycle method and the geometric multigrid. On this basis, we introduce two computationally favourable variants of the proposed multigrid method and we use them as preconditioners for Krylov methods. Several numerical results confirm that the resulting preconditioning strategies still keep a linear convergence rate. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectrum analysis

Feasibility studies of the polarization of photons beyond the optical wavelength regime with the J-PET detector

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Moskal, P. Krawczyk, N. Hiesmayr, B.C. Baa, M. Curceanu, C. Czerwinski, E. Dulski, K. Gajos, A. Gorgol, M. Del Grande, R. Jasinska, B. Kacprzak, K. Kapon, L. Kisielewska, D. Klimaszewski, K. Korcyl, G. Kowalski, P. Kozik, T. Krzemien, W. Kubicz, E. Mohammed, M. Niedzwiecki, S.Z. Paka, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, M. Raczynski, L. Raj, J. Rudy, Z. Sharma, S. Silarski, M. Shivani Shopa, R.Y. Skurzok, M. Wislicki, W. Zgardzinska, B. Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University S. £ojasiewicza 11 Kraków30-348 Poland University of Vienna Faculty of Physics Boltzmanngasse 5 Vienna1090 Austria INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati CP 13 Via E. Fermi 40 Frascati00044 Italy Department of Nuclear Methods Institute of Physics Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1 Lublin20-031 Poland Swierk Computing Centre National Centre for Nuclear Research Otwock-Swierk05-400 Poland High Energy Department National Centre for Nuclear Research Otwock-Swierk05-400 Poland Department of Physics College of Education for Pure Sciences University of Mosul Mosul Iraq

J-PET is a detector optimized for registration of photons from the electron-positron annihilation via plastic scintillators where photons interact predominantly via Compton scattering. Registration of both primary and scattered photons enables to determinate the linear polarization of the primary photon on the event by event basis with a certain probability. Here we present quantitative results on the feasibility of such polarization measurements of photons from the decay of positronium with the J-PET and explore the physical limitations for the resolution of the polarization determination of 511keV photons via Compton scattering. For scattering angles of about 82 (where the best contrast for polarization measurement is theoretically predicted) we find that the single event resolution for the determination of the polarization is about 40 (predominantly due to properties of the Compton effect). However, for samples larger than ten thousand events the J-PET is capable of determining relative average polarization of these photons with the precision of about few degrees. The obtained results open new perspectives for studies of various physics phenomena such as quantum entanglement and tests of discrete symmetries in decays of positronium and extend the energy range of polarization measurements by five orders of magnitude beyond the optical wavelength regime. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Positrons