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YOLOCSP-PEST for Crops Pest Localization and Classification

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2373-2388页

作者： Farooq Ali Huma Qayyum Kashif Saleem Iftikhar Ahmad Muhammad Javed Iqbal Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Engineering College of Applied Studies&Community ServiceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11362Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan

Preservation of the crops depends on early and accurate detection of pests on crops as they cause several diseases decreasing crop production and quality. Several deep-learning techniques have been applied to overcome the issue of pest detection on crops. We have developed the YOLOCSP-PEST model for Pest localization and classification. With the Cross Stage Partial Network (CSPNET) backbone, the proposed model is a modified version of You Only Look Once Version 7 (YOLOv7) that is intended primarily for pest localization and classification. Our proposed model gives exceptionally good results under conditions that are very challenging for any other comparable models especially conditions where we have issues with the luminance and the orientation of the images. It helps farmers working out on their crops in distant areas to determine any infestation quickly and accurately on their crops which helps in the quality and quantity of the production yield. The model has been trained and tested on 2 datasets namely the IP102 data set and a local crop data set on both of which it has shown exceptional results. It gave us a mean average precision (mAP) of 88.40% along with a precision of 85.55% and a recall of 84.25% on the IP102 dataset meanwhile giving a mAP of 97.18% on the local data set along with a recall of 94.88% and a precision of 97.50%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed model is very effective in detecting real-life scenarios and can help in the production of crops improving the yield quality and quantity at the same time.

关键词： Deep learning classification of pests YOLOCSP-PEST pest detection

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Salp swarm algorithm using lens opposition-based learning and local search for constrained optimization problems

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Iran Journal of computer science 2025年 1-28页

作者： Majumdar, Parijata Mitra, Sanjoy Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Agartala Jirania 799046 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tripura Institute of Technology Agartala Narsingarh 799009 India

The Salp swarm algorithm (SSA) simulates how salps forage and travel in the ocean. SSA suffers from low initial population diversity, improper balancing of exploration and exploitation, and slow convergence speed. Thus, we have proposed a novel variant of SSA (LOLSSA) by integrating lens opposition learning with the fundamental evolutionary techniques of SSA to increase the initial population variety. During exploration, the information about the local best position for each individual is effectively shared with the follower, using the salp position update process to avoid getting stuck at the local optimum. At the end of each iteration, the local search algorithm is utilized to increase exploitation. Additionally, the leader’s salp position incorporates inertia weight to speed up the convergence speed. Swarm intelligence algorithms have proven their efficacy in feature selection, since they search for an optimal set of features in a large search area that will have the best impact on the accuracy of the training system. LOLSSA is thus employed for feature selection to select informative features in 11 high-dimensional datasets, where it outperforms well-known metaheuristics in average fitness, accuracy, and average number of feature reductions. In the software-as-a-service cloud computing model, a task scheduling problem is solved to satisfy the QoS requirement of both the service provider and the user. Experiments show that LOLSSA optimizes this problem in terms of different performance metrics. LOLSSA also outperforms other metaheuristics regarding 23 well-known benchmark functions, IEEE CEC-C06 2019, and CEC-06 2020 benchmark functions, and in solving engineering design problems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Convergence speed Feature selection Global optimization Lens opposition learning Salp swarm algorithm Task scheduling problem

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LLMaaS: Serving Large-Language Models on Trusted Serverless Computing Platforms

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第2期6卷 405-415页

作者： Cai, Zinuo Ma, Rongbo Fu, Yicheng Zhang, Weishan Ma, Ruhui Guan, Haibing Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai200240 China Qingdao Institute of Software College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao266555 China

In recent years, the emergence of large-language models (LLMs) has profoundly transformed our production and lifestyle. These models have shown tremendous potential in fields, such as natural language processing, speech recognition, and recommendation systems, and are increasingly playing crucial roles in applications such as human-computer interaction and intelligent customer service. Efficient inference solutions for LLMs in data centers have been extensively researched, with a focus on meeting users' quality of service requirements. In this article, we focus on two additional requirements that responsible LLM inference should meet under QoS conditions: security throughout the model execution process and low maintenance requirements for the inference system. Therefore, we propose LLMaaS, a trusted model inference platform based on a serverless computing platform aimed at providing inference as a service for LLMs. First, we design a trusted serverless computing platform based on software guard extension (SGX), which includes distributed identity verification and SGX device plugins to ensure the security and trustworthiness of the inference process. Additionally, to reduce the maintenance requirements of the system, we enhance the SGX-based deep learning computing framework, including replacing PyTorch and using a greedy algorithm for graph partitioning. We conduct tests on four typical large models, and the experimental results demonstrate that, with minimal overhead and user code modifications, we can ensure the security of model execution. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

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DyPSS: Dynamic Priority Signalling System for Emergency Vehicles using Fog and YOLOv8 17

DyPSS: Dynamic Priority Signalling System for Emergency Vehi...

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17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Kakde, Anuj Nath, Shubha Brata Ghosh, Soumya K. Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kharagpur India Indian Institute of Information Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Guwahati India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

Efficient navigation of emergency response vehicles (ERVs) through urban congestion is crucial to life-saving efforts, yet traditional traffic systems often slow down their swift passage. In this work, we introduce Dynamic Priority Signalling System (DyPSS), an intelligent, multi-layered traffic management solution designed to minimize ERV delays by creating "green corridors"at traffic signals. Using technologies like fog computing, cloud computing, global positioning system and deep learning, DyPSS adjusts traffic lights instantly to clear congestion as an ERV approaches. Simulation testing was conducted using SUMO and it demonstrated DyPSS's potential to significantly reduce ERV travel time in dense urban settings with minimal disruption to general traffic flow. This system could drastically improve emergency response by reducing delays and helping responders reach their destinations faster, potentially saving more lives. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Emergency vehicles

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Leveraging machine learning for intelligent agriculture

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-21页

作者： Sowmya, B.J. Meeradevi, A.K. Supreeth, S. Pradeep Kumar, D. Ravi Kumar, B.N. Rohith, S. Mishra, Divyansh Koushik, Abhishek Patil, Ankit U. Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru560054 India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru560054 India School of Computer Science and Engineering REVA University Bengaluru560064 India Department of Computer Science Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru560054 India Department of Information Science and Engineering BMS Institute of Technology & Management Bengaluru560119 India Department of Electronics and Engineering Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology Bengaluru562164 India

Agriculture, the backbone of many economies, faces challenges like lack of information, outdated practices, and limited access to technology, hindering farmer productivity. This work proposes a user-friendly, multilingual platform leveraging Generative AI to address farmers' diverse needs. The platform encompasses various features to enhance agricultural practices. An LLM-powered Government Scheme Advisor functions as a multilingual chatbot offering intelligent guidance on government agricultural schemes and subsidies. The Disease Detection module utilizes AI technology for real-time identification and treatment recommendations, minimizing crop diseases and yield losses. The Soil Testing Centre feature locates nearby soil testing centers, providing essential information based on geographical data to assist farmers in optimizing soil quality. A Crop Recommendation feature employs Machine Learning algorithms to offer personalized crop recommendations, considering various factors and aiding informed decision-making. The Crop Planning Tool, with its intuitive user interface, simplifies planning planting schedules and managing resources. Additionally, the platform includes an MSP Center Locator to find nearby Minimum Support Price (MSP) centers based on location. By integrating these innovative solutions, this platform bridges the gap between conventional agricultural techniques and contemporary technology, equipping farmers with the resources and expertise essential for advancing productivity and sustainability. Multilingual support ensures accessibility for a wider audience, breaking down language barriers and promoting inclusivity in the agricultural sector. This work proposes an innovative, multilingual platform powered by Generative AI to address these issues. Key features include an LLM-driven chatbot for government scheme guidance, AI-based real-time disease detection, and location-based tools for soil testing and MSP center identification. Additionally, the platf

关键词： Smart agriculture

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Social Networks on WEB 3.0 12th

Social Networks on WEB 3.0

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12th International Conference on Frontiers of Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications, FICTA 2024

作者： Cidri, Anirudh AshaRedddy, M. Bhaskar, T. Vijaya Krishna, A. Suryanarayana, G. Department of Information Technology Vardhaman College of Engineering Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science & Engineering-AIML CMR College of Engineering Hyderabad India Department of Information Technology G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology and Science Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819601462

The "Social Network on WEB3.0" project is poised to revolutionize online social dynamics by leveraging blockchain technology to create a decentralized platform. This initiative prioritizes user control and security, aiming to address the shortcomings of existing Web 2.0 networks. Users will have unprecedented control over their data and privacy, with blockchain ensuring transaction irreversibility. Key goals include user empowerment, enhanced data security, decentralization, incentivized participation, and adherence to legal and privacy standards. The project incorporates a token-based incentive system to stimulate user engagement and collaboration, fostering a vibrant online community. Leveraging Ethereum and MetaMask for transactions and smart contracts highlights the project’s adaptability and scalability. With a commitment to ongoing enhancement and user feedback, the initiative heralds a significant shift toward a digital landscape characterized by user-centricity, heightened security, and privacy awareness, offering individuals unparalleled authority over their online interactions. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Decentralized finance

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Bifurcation analysis and control of a modified continuum traffic flow model considering mixed motor vehicles and bicycles

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European Physical Journal B 2025年第4期98卷 1-18页

作者： Ai, WenHuan Fu, JianLi Zeng, JingMing Liu, DaWei College of Computer Science and Engineering Northwest Normal University Gansu Lanzhou China College of Electrical Engineering Lanzhou Institute of Technology Gansu Lanzhou China

In urban studies, issues with traffic flow have always been a popular topic. We explore the propagation traits and evolution law of traffic flow, which can serve as a theoretical foundation for the planning and management of road traffic, starting with the theory of traffic flow bifurcation. We suggest a macroscopic traffic model that takes into account the frictional and obstructive disturbance based on the influence of traffic flow mixed motor vehicles and bicycles. The influence of vehicle speed, density, speed differential, and other parameters on the evolution law of macroscopic traffic flow is investigated by bifurcation analysis. From the viewpoint of the overall stability of the traffic system, the non-linear bifurcation theory is also employed to describe the non-linear traffic phenomena on the traffic flow of mixed motor vehicles and bicycles. The findings indicate that when a blocking disturbance is certain, the unstable region of the traffic flow gradually expands as non-motorized traffic flow increases, and when a frictional disturbance is certain, the unstable region of the traffic flow gradually expands as the blocking disturbance's duration gradually lengthens. It has been discovered that the nonlinear model can accurately capture the phenomenon of mixed motor vehicles and bicycles in the traffic flow through the analysis of the equilibrium point and local bifurcation. Finally, this paper suggests a non-linear feedback controller that delays or prevents the emergence of bifurcation points when added to the model. This controller serves as a theoretical foundation for future research on the impact of mixed motor vehicles and bicycles on the operational characteristics of traffic flow. Through simulation of density-time and phase plane diagrams, the model is confirmed to be able to describe the phenomena of traffic congestion and stopping in real traffic, providing a theoretical foundation for the mitigation of traffic congestion. © The Author(s), unde

关键词： Traffic congestion

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A combinatorial algorithm for finding straight skeleton of a digital object

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-21页

作者： Maity, Anukul Dutt, Mousumi Biswas, Arindam Department of Computer Science and Engineering Narula Institute of Technology 81 Nilgunj Road Agarpara West Bengal Kolkata700109 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering St. Thomas’ College of Engineering and Technology 4 Diamond Harbour Road Kidderpore West Bengal Kolkata700023 India Department of Information Technology Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Botanical Garden Road Shibpur West Bengal Howrah711103 India

The paper presents a combinatorial algorithm to find the straight skeleton of the inner isothetic cover of a digital object imposed on a uniform background grid. The isothetic polygon (orthogonal polygon) tightly inscribes the given digital object. The algorithm stated here finds the straight skeleton of any isothetic polygon (simple or non-simple) in O(nglogng) time in a single traversal by applying combinatorial rules, where n is the number of pixels on the boundary of the digital object and g is the grid size on which the digital object is imposed. To find the straight skeleton of non-simple orthogonal polygon, the polygon is divided into sub-parts which are a set of simple orthogonal polygons. The straight skeleton is generated for each of the sub-parts and the corresponding results are merged. The orthogonal polygon containing holes is cut at each holes and the polygon becomes hole-free. The algorithm to obtain the straight skeleton is applied on it. The disconnected hole parts are rejoined and the result is merged. The straight skeleton is useful shape descriptor of digital object. This algorithm stated here has applications in shape analysis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Combinatorial optimization

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A Review on AI-Powered Digital Identity Authentication for Remote Examination 6

A Review on AI-Powered Digital Identity Authentication for R...

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6th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics, ICMCSI 2025

作者： Srivastava, Shubhi Kumar, Nayana N. Khushi, M. Varshini, C. Githamrutha Bhumika, P.M. Sree Snigdha, T. Department of Information Science and Engineering New Horizon College of Engineering Karnataka Bengaluru India Department of Computer Science and Engineering New Horizon College of Engineering Karnataka Bengaluru India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522667

With the growth of online education, ensuring integrity in remote examinations has become a critical challenge. This research explores AI-driven dual-proctoring systems that utilize both single and dual-camera setups, incorporating a laptop's webcam and a mobile camera, to enhance monitoring during student examinations. By systematically reviewing recent advancements in the literature, the study identifies key modules that can be integrated into an effective proctoring system. In addition, it provides details regarding tools and technologies that could ensure the practical, real-time execution of the said systems toward providing security issues with fairness online. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Cameras

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Predictive analysis-based load balancing and fault tolerance in fog computing environment

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Cluster Computing 2025年第5期28卷 1-16页

作者： Kashyap, Vijaita Ahuja, Rakesh Kumar, Ashok Chitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh Engineering College Chandigarh Group of Colleges Punjab Jhanjeri India

Fog computing can process data in real-time, which may minimize network congestion and delays. Load balancing and fault tolerance are critical matrices for allocating resources in a dynamic fog computing environment. They ensure that processes can continue to function even when something goes wrong, and that work is distributed properly. To optimize resource allocation in fog computing settings, this study presents a novel technique, Predictive analysis of Load balancing and Fault Tolerance (PreLoFT). The technique dynamically distributes workloads among fog nodes and forecasts resource requirements using predictive analysis. The method incorporates improved task-splitting to handle resource-intensive tasks. Additionally, it enhances fault tolerance by reallocating workloads when a node fails, enhancing the overall reliability and robustness of the system. PreLoFT’s effectiveness is evaluated and compared to more advanced algorithms like the Honeybee Foraging Algorithm (HFA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Load-aware Energy-efficient Scheduling (LECS), as well as traditional methods like Round-Robin (RR) and Least Loaded (LL). PreLoFT considerably enhances several metrics, such as execution time, resource use, load balancing efficiency, fault tolerance, latency, and energy consumption. It is notable for its ability to provide greater resource utilization (90%) by proactive workload management, which guarantees that nodes are not over-utilized and are functioning near their capacity. While high resource utilization maximizes performance and reduces the need to offload tasks to higher-latency cloud resources. The method also maintains energy efficiency by preventing idle resources and minimizing task migrations. The findings demonstrate that PreLoFT outperforms traditional load balancing techniques by providing faster execution times, lower latency, and better energy management, making it a promising approach for real-time fog computing environments. © The Author(s), und

关键词： Resource allocation

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