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A Novel Transformer-based Multiscale Siamese Framework for High-resolution Remote Sensing Change Detection

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2025年 18卷 13087-13099页

作者： Wang, Liangjun Chen, Weitao Wang, Haoyi Chen, Zhengchao China University of Geosciences Faculty of Computer Science Wuhan430074 China Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Natural Resource Information Management and Digital Twin Engineering Software Wuhan430074 China Airborne Remote Sensing Center Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100094 China

Change detection (CD) in remote sensing based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformers has played a crucial role in surface monitoring and resource development. However, the inadequate extraction of local and global features, along with the insufficient utilization of multiscale features, constrains the ability to identify change regions at multiple scales. To resolve the aforementioned issue, we propose a transformer-based multiscale Siamese framework (TMSF) for high-resolution remote sensing CD, aiming to improve detection accuracy. First, we propose a dual-attention token-based (DAT-based) transformer module, which embeds attention tokens into the transformer, effectively integrating local and global features and thereby enhancing the discriminative power of the extracted features. Second, we design a multiscale feature adaptive fusion module (MFAFM) that incorporates a channel attention mechanism to adaptively integrate multiscale information, enabling more precise identification of change regions at various scales. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving CD accuracy on three widely used benchmark datasets, LEVIR-CD, WHU-CD and CDD. Experimental results show that our method outperforms ten state-of-the-art CD methods in terms of F1-score and intersection over union (IoU) metrics. Notably, compared to that of five multiscale-based methods, our proposed TMSF achieves superior performance while requiring only half the number of parameters and computational cost. Thus, the proposed model demonstrates a marked advancement in remote sensing CD. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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"Talking Books" : A Sinhala Abstractive Text Summarization Approach for Sinhala Textbooks 8

"Talking Books" : A Sinhala Abstractive Text Summarization A...

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8th IEEE International Conference for Convergence in Technology, I2CT 2023

作者： Rathnayake, B.R.M.S.R.B. Manathunga, Kalpani Kasthurirathna, Dharshana Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Department of Computer Science Malabe Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Department of Software Engineering Malabe Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798350334012

The ability for books to talk would be an exciting concept, and this research discussion paves the path for an identical approach. The research objectives discussed in this paper address several burning problems, solve them and adapt them to future technological enhancements from a Sri Lankan context. Burning problems include reducing printing costs for textbooks, addressing students' health, promoting green technology, and identifying a suitable summarising approach to the native language, Sinhala resulting in students' learning ease. Other symptoms for the betterment indicate paths taken to reduce the weight of school bags carried by students, reduce paper usage by the government on printing textbooks, and spread technological awareness to teenagers regarding e-Learning. Textbooks issued by the government will be digitized and centralized into a single system that the government officials themselves can administer. The paper discusses limited hindsight literature and proposes 2 new algorithms for abstractive and extractive summarization for Sinhala text. The 2 algorithms are compared against one another in terms of performance, efficiency, precision and accuracy. Experts in the education domain have verified the derived summary of both algorithms. The deliverable artefacts are the mobile application, a RESTful auto-summarization plugin service, and new data sets extracted to train the GPT-3 models. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Textbooks

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Ethiopic Cryptography: An Efficient Hybrid Encryption Algorithm for Reducing Cybersecurity Attack 11th

Ethiopic Cryptography: An Efficient Hybrid Encryption Algori...

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11th EAI International Conference on Advancement of science and Technology, ICAST 2023

作者： Akele, Tadesse Birara Bahiru, Tadesse Kebede Molla, Tibebu Legesse Fentie, Shambel Dessale Belay, Tadesse Destaw Marye, Almaz Yemataw Getaneh, Mersha Derese Department of Information System Kombolcha Institute of Technology Wollo University Kombolcha Ethiopia Department of Information Technology Kombolcha Institute of Technology Wollo University Kombolcha Ethiopia Deparment of Software Engineering Kombolcha Institute of Technology Wollo University Kombolcha Ethiopia Department of Computer Science Kombolcha Institute of Technology Wollo University Kombolcha Ethiopia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031641503

Cryptography is an essential tool in ensuring the security of data during network communication. Network and service providers prioritize data security to ensure secure data exchanges. Ethiopic cryptography is a unique encryption method that utilizes the Amharic language, prevalent in Ethiopia. Unlike Latin alphabets, Amharic consists of 287 characters, making decryption challenging. The encryption process involves converting the text to Amharic and then mapping it to a pair of randomly chosen two-bit English alphabets, creating an intermediate cipher. The Ethiopic cryptography algorithm employs a hybrid approach, using the RSA algorithm for secure key exchange and the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm for text confidentiality. The algorithm comprises three phases—translation, mapping, and encryption—contributing to its effectiveness in securing data over the network. Decryption requires familiarity with the Amharic language and mapping details. The algorithm demonstrates a stronger avalanche effect (97%) in comparison with Blowfish and DES. The algorithm is proposed and evaluated using the design science research methodology, and its performance is validated through simulation using MATLAB and BunnaScript tools, considering factors like the avalanche effect, time complexity, and memory consumption. The evaluation shows that the suggested solution operates faster, requires lesser time for data encryption, and uses less memory than other methods in use. Overall, the proposed Ethiopic cryptography algorithm proves to be an efficient and effective method for securing data during network communication, offering stronger text confidentiality and an improved avalanche effect. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： MATLAB

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PUF-Based Privacy-Preserving Simultaneous Authentication Among Multiple Vehicles in VANET

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2024年第5期73卷 6727-6739页

作者： Awais, Syed Muhammad Yucheng, Wu Mahmood, Khalid Akram, Muhammad Wahid Hussain, Shafiq Das, Ashok Kumar Park, Youngho Chongqing University School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing400044 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin64002 Taiwan University of Lahore Department of Software Engineering Punjab Lahore54590 Pakistan University of Sahiwal Department of Computer Science Punjab Sahiwal57000 Pakistan International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Telangana Hyderabad500032 India Kyungpook National University School of Electronics Engineering Daegu41566 Korea Republic of

The intellectual and immense attainment of a smart city and auto-mobile vehicles are gradually growing. This growth drives Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET), a broadly operated complex network for inter-vehicular transmission to acquire information relevant to the vehicle location, road condition, traffic congestion, and speed. Generally, this information is procured through an open-source communication, which is susceptible to various security threats. In broad terms, the privacy of data in VANET is considered an imperative task. In this regard, many authentication protocols are formerly initiated for VANET. Most of these protocols are precarious owing to eavesdropping, replay, and impersonation attacks, etc. Furthermore, most existing protocols operates on enormous communication and computation rate, which turns them inadequate for VANET. This paper exhibits a lightweight privacy-preserving authentication protocol for n number of vehicles in VANET using the physical unclonable function (PUF) technique, and offers efficient and secure communication via public channels. Moreover, we evaluate our protocol formally and informally, showing that it is scalable, lightweight, and safe compared to formerly protocols. The rate of computation and communication is less than most related protocols. We also simulate the proposed scheme using the NS-3 simulator to measure its various network performance parameters. As a result, it is apparent through the beheld statistics that the presented protocol is beyond practical, efficient, and reliable for the secure dissemination of information in VANET. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Staging of Different Tumor by Utilizing Laser Guidance (@405 nm) in CT Scan Images Along with Statistical Analysis

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Lasers in engineering 2025年第4-6期59卷 309-325页

作者： Amjad, M. Ullah, H. Siddique, M.A. Majid, M.A. Aleem, A. Akhtar, M. Gilanie, G. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. Farhan, M. Akram, A. Batool, Z. Nazir, A. Biophotonics Imaging Techniques Laboratory Institute of Physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan Dept. of Software Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Hohai University Nanjing China

Early detection of lung cancer, liver cancer (HCC), and pancreatitis is crucial for effective treatment. This study assessed the use of laser guidance CT scans for diagnosis and staging. 26 patients of CT scan which were collected from BVH and civil hospital Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Visible light with a 405 nm wavelength is used. Results showed staging of lung cancer (2 at stage 1, 2 at stage 2, 3 at stage 4) and HCC (stages 1 to 4a). Pancreatic diseases detected included acute pancreatitis (44%), chronic pancreatitis (22%), gallstones (22%), and pancreatic tumors (11%). Alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, and blood urea levels were notably elevated in all three cancers compared to controls. CT scans show promise in identifying cancer stages and diagnosing pancreatitis, aiding in tailored treatment. Statistical analysis shows that alkaline phosphatase emerges as a potential biomarker for these conditions. ©2025 Old City Publishing, Inc.

关键词： Image analysis

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Expert System for Kubernetes Cluster Autoscaling and Resource Management 4

Expert System for Kubernetes Cluster Autoscaling and Resourc...

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4th International Conference on Advancements in Computing, ICAC 2022

作者： Hettiarachchi, Lasal Sandeepa Jayadeva, Senura Vihan Bandara, Rusiru Abhisheak Vikum Palliyaguruge, Dilmi Samaratunge Arachchillage, Udara Srimath S. Kasthurirathna, Dharshana Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798350398090

The importance of orchestration tools such as Kubernetes has become paramount with the popularity of software architectural styles such as microservices. Furthermore, advancements in containerization technologies such as Docker has also played a vital role when it comes to advancements in the field of DevOps, enabling developers and system engineers to deploy are manage applications much more effectively. However, infrastructure configuration and management of resources are still challenging due to the disjointed nature of the infrastructure and resource management tools' failure to comprehend the deployed applications and create a holistic view of the services. This is partly due to the extensive knowledge required to operate these tools or due to the inability to perform specific tasks. As a result, multiple tools and platforms need to configure together to automate the deployment, monitoring and management processes to provide the optimal deployment strategy for the applications. In response to this issue, this research proposes an expert system that creates a centralized approach to cluster autoscaling and resource management, which also provides an automated low-latency container management system and resiliency evaluation for dynamic systems. Furthermore, the time series load prediction is done using a BiLSTM and periodically creates an optimized autoscaling policy for cluster performance, thus creating a seamless pipeline from deployment, monitoring scaling, and troubleshooting of distributed applications based on Kubernetes. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Expert systems

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An Architectural Approach for Enhanced Data Interoperability Across Building Systems 7

An Architectural Approach for Enhanced Data Interoperability...

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7th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things, CIoT 2024

作者： Yefi, Peter Ejaz, Sikandar Menon, Ramanunni Parakkal Eicker, Ursula Guéhéneuc, Yann-Gaël Concordia University Computer Science and Software Engineering Dept. Montreal Canada Concordia University Institute for Information Systems Engineering Montreal Canada Institute for Solar Research German Aerospace Center Jülich Germany Concorida University NextGen Cities Institute Montreal Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356717

Access to building data is crucial for creating portable applications and improving building operation and energy efficiency. Ensuring data transmutability is essential for facilitating research and overcoming the diverse data representation, management, and collection methods across various building management systems (BMSs). Different BMSs use multiple interfaces for data exchange. Some BMSs provide Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for data exchanges, while others have gateways connecting to cloud services for application subscription and data access. This study introduces a five-layered architecture that describes how client applications, researchers, and other interested stakeholders can exchange data with different BMSs. Our objective is to help researchers and practitioners understand the various ways of accessing transmutable (capable of being transformed into a compatible format) data from BMSs, regardless of the building management system a building uses. Through transmutable access to building systems' data, we aim to enable transferable energy-efficient-related applications for buildings. We evaluate our work with a building model of the Varennes Library in Varennes, QC, Canada. The building model includes information about the building, floors, rooms, electric meter and historical time series data of the meter, weather station and its historical time series data. The model also has carbon dioxide concentration sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and historical time series data of the sensors. We include two test client programs to show how they access the transmutable data of the building through a model. We conclude that the five-layered architecture facilitates the exchange of transmutable data across diverse BMSs, making it a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Middleware

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Deep Learning-Based E-Learning Solution for Identifying and Bridging the Knowledge Gap in Primary Education

Deep Learning-Based E-Learning Solution for Identifying and ...

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2023 International Research Conference on Smart Computing and Systems engineering, SCSE 2023

作者： Arunoda, D.P.H. Walpola, S.R. Piumira, S.M.I. Athukorala, A.D.M.P. Thilakarathna, Thusithanjana Chandrasiri, Sanjeevi Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Faculty of Computing Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Malabe Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Faculty of Computing Department of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798350341454

Educational teaching apps are primarily available in app stores to educate students in various contexts. Lack of educational resources, physical and mental health conditions, and poverty cause some students to skip school and move on to the next school grade without completing the course content of the previous grade. Most of the available apps focus on specific content to cover. The Smart Primary Education Tutor (SPET) teaching app specifically focuses on the missed content by analyzing their knowledge gap and providing lessons to cover the missed content. The main objective of SPET is to develop a methodology to identify the gap in student knowledge and fill the knowledge gap by teaching using smart techniques. SPET is determined to identify students' interactions (attention, emotions) with the system to identify students' ability to use the learning tool, identifying gaps in students' knowledge levels compared to their actual grades using activities and voice-based technologies, teaching to cover the knowledge gap by providing engaging activities and lessons and evaluating students by conducting a final assessment and analyze students' knowledge and performance obtained through the system. Students between the ages of 5 and 8 are targeted in the community to apply. The solution embeds deep learning-based models including attention classification models using head posture estimation, facial expression recognition, and eye gaze estimation, speech recognition models to identify provided verbal answers, handwriting recognition models to evaluate student performance, and smart teaching. The child emotion recognition model achieved 93% accuracy. The Attention span evaluation model achieved 85% accuracy. The handwritten numerical and English character data recognition model which detects answers for the final assessment paper achieved 85% percent of accuracy. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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Artificial Intelligence-Based Centralized Resource Management Application for Distributed Systems 13

Artificial Intelligence-Based Centralized Resource Managemen...

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13th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2022

作者： Hettiarachchi, Lasal Sandeepa Jayadeva, Senura Vihan Bandara, Rusiru Abhisheak Vikum Palliyaguruge, Dilmi Arachchillage, Udara Srimath S. Samaratunge Kasthurirathna, Dharshana Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Sri Lanka

ISBN: (数字)9781665452625

ISBN: (纸本)9781665452625

Due to the decentralized nature and emergence of new practices, tools, and platforms, microservices have become one of the most widely spread software architectures in the modern software industry. Furthermore, the advancement of software packaging tools like Docker and orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes enable developers and operation engineers to deploy and manage microservice applications more effectively and efficiently. However, establishing and managing microservice applications are still cumbersome due to the infrastructure configuration and array of disjoint tools that fail to understand the application's dynamic behavior. As a result, developers need to configure multiple tools and platforms to automate the deployment and monitoring process to provide the optimal deployment strategy for microservices. Even though many tools are available in the industry, the fully automated product which comprises deployment, monitoring, resiliency evaluation and optimization were not developed yet. In response to this issue, we propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-based centralized resource management tool, that provides an automated low latency container management, cluster metrics gathering, resiliency evaluation and optimal deployment strategy behave in dynamic nature. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Machine learning

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Enhancing Early Childhood Learning using Image Processing for Sinhala Medium Education 5

Enhancing Early Childhood Learning using Image Processing fo...

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5th International Conference on Advancements in Computing, ICAC 2023

作者： Saranga, R.G.V. Jayasinghe, A.H.N. Divyantha, U.A.S. De Silva, S.W.L.P. Swarnakantha, N.H.P. Ravi Supunya Kumari, P. K. Suriya Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Faculty of Computing Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Malabe Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Faculty of Computing Department of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358131

The study aims to develop a mobile application for young children to learn Sinhala letters, shapes, colors, and storytelling incorporating machine learning models to evaluate and enhance educational activities. With the rise of online education during the COVID-19 pandemic, the familiarity of children with mobile devices provides an opportunity to create an engaging and educational experience. The application will teach Sinhala letters using object images, allowing children to upload their own images for feedback. It also includes a feature for children to practice writing letters and analyze their progress. Also, the application introduces colors and shapes in Sinhala, encouraging children to draw and track their improvement. Additionally, the application aims to generate stories in Sinhala to improve children's creativity and thinking knowledge. This research addresses a critical gap in existing Sinhala learning applications by integrating machine learning for activity assessment, promising to significantly impact and improve early language education for children. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Image enhancement

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