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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Hirner, Dominik Fraundorfer, Friedrich Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Cologne Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781919

Stereo estimation has made many advancements in recent years with the introduction of deep-learning. However the traditional supervised approach to deep-learning requires the creation of accurate and plentiful ground-truth data, which is expensive to create and not available in many situations. This is especially true for remote sensing applications, where there is an excess of available data without proper ground truth. To tackle this problem, we propose a self-supervised CNN with self-improving adaptive abilities. In the first iteration, the created disparity map is inaccurate and noisy. Leveraging the left-right consistency check, we get a sparse but more accurate disparity map which is used as an initial pseudo ground-truth. This pseudo ground-truth is then adapted and updated after every epoch in the training step of the network. We use the sum of inconsistent points in order to track the network convergence. The code for our method will be made available after acceptance at https://***/thedodo/SAda-Net. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Bigger Isn’t Always Better: Towards a General Prior for Medical Image Reconstruction 46th

Bigger Isn’t Always Better: Towards a General Prior for M...

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46th Annual Conference of the German Association for Pattern Recognition, DAGM-GCPR 2024

作者： Glaszner, Lukas Zach, Martin Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 16/II Graz8010 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783031851803

Diffusion models have been successfully applied to many inverse problems, including MRI and CT reconstruction. Researchers typically re-purpose models originally designed for unconditional sampling without modifications. Using two different posterior sampling algorithms, we show empirically that such large networks are not necessary. Our smallest model, effectively a ResNet, performs almost as good as an attention U-Net on in-distribution reconstruction, while being significantly more robust towards distribution shifts. Furthermore, we introduce models trained on natural images and demonstrate that they can be used in both MRI and CT reconstruction, out-performing model trained on medical images in out-of-distribution cases. As a result of our findings, we strongly caution against simply re-using very large networks and encourage researchers to adapt the model complexity to the respective task. Moreover, we argue that a key step towards a general diffusion-based prior is training on natural images. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Anytime Optimal Trajectory Repairing for Autonomous Vehicles

IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems

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IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 2025年 6卷 537-553页

作者： Tong, Kailin Steinberger, Martin Horn, Martin Solmaz, Selim Watzenig, Daniel Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH Department of Electrics Electronics and Software Graz8010 Austria Institute of Automation and Control Graz University of Technology Graz8010 Austria Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Graz8010 Austria

Adapting to dynamically changing situations remains a pivotal challenge for automated driving systems, which demand robust and efficient solutions. Occasional perception errors inherent in artificial intelligence further complicate the task. Whereas traditional motion planning algorithms address this challenge by replanning the entire trajectory, a significantly more efficient strategy is to repair only the flawed segments. Our paper introduces a groundbreaking approach by formulating an optimal trajectory repairing problem and proposing an innovative and efficient framework for critical timing detection and trajectory repairing. This trajectory repairing specifically employs Bernstein basis polynomials in both 2D distance-time and 3D spatiotemporal spaces. A distinctive feature of our method is the use of an anytime grid search to determine a sub-optimal time-to-repair, which contrasts with previous methods that relied on manually tuned or fixed repair times, limiting both flexibility and robustness. A statistical analysis of 100 scenarios demonstrates that our trajectory-repairing framework outperforms the path-speed decoupled repairing framework in terms of scenario success rate. Furthermore, we introduce a novel algorithm for driving corridor generation that more accurately approximates the collision-free space than state-of-the-art work. The proposed approach has broad potential for application in embedded systems across various autonomous platforms. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Accidents

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LA-CaRe-CNN: Cascading Refinement CNN for Left Atrial Scar Segmentation 1st

LA-CaRe-CNN: Cascading Refinement CNN for Left Atrial Scar ...

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1st MICCAI Challenge Comprehensive Analysis and Computing of Real-World Medical Images, CARE 2024 Held in Conjunction with 27th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2024

作者： Thaler, Franz Štern, Darko Plank, Gernot Urschler, Martin Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Medical Physics and Biophysics Medical University of Graz Graz Austria Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Graz Austria AVL List GmbH Graz Austria Institute for Medical Informatics Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783031870088

Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most prevalent type of cardiac arrhythmia for which treatment may require patients to undergo ablation therapy. In this surgery cardiac tissues are locally scarred on purpose to prevent electrical signals from causing arrhythmia. Patient-specific cardiac digital twin models show great potential for personalized ablation therapy, however, they demand accurate semantic segmentation of healthy and scarred tissue typically obtained from late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance (MR) scans. In this work we propose the Left Atrial Cascading Refinement CNN (LA-CaRe-CNN), which aims to accurately segment the left atrium as well as left atrial scar tissue from LGE MR scans. LA-CaRe-CNN is a 2-stage CNN cascade that is trained end-to-end in 3D, where Stage 1 generates a prediction for the left atrium, which is then refined in Stage 2 in conjunction with the original image information to obtain a prediction for the left atrial scar tissue. To account for domain shift towards domains unknown during training, we employ strong intensity and spatial augmentation to increase the diversity of the training dataset. Our proposed method based on a 5-fold ensemble achieves great segmentation results, namely, 89.21% DSC and 1.6969 mm ASSD for the left atrium, as well as 64.59% DSC and 91.80% G-DSC for the more challenging left atrial scar tissue. Thus, segmentations obtained through LA-CaRe-CNN show great potential for the generation of patient-specific cardiac digital twin models and downstream tasks like personalized targeted ablation therapy to treat AF. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Ablation

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Augmentation-Based Domain Generalization and Joint Training from Multiple Source Domains for Whole Heart Segmentation 1st

Augmentation-Based Domain Generalization and Joint Training...

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ISBN: (纸本)9783031870088

As the leading cause of death worldwide, cardiovascular diseases motivate the development of more sophisticated methods to analyze the heart and its substructures from medical images like Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR). Semantic segmentations of important cardiac structures that represent the whole heart are useful to assess patient-specific cardiac morphology and pathology. Furthermore, accurate semantic segmentations can be used to generate cardiac digital twin models which allows e.g. electrophysiological simulation and personalized therapy planning. Even though deep learning-based methods for medical image segmentation achieved great advancements over the last decade, retaining good performance under domain shift - i.e. when training and test data are sampled from different data distributions - remains challenging. In order to perform well on domains known at training-time, we employ a (1) balanced joint training approach that utilizes CT and MR data in equal amounts from different source domains. Further, aiming to alleviate domain shift towards domains only encountered at test-time, we rely on (2) strong intensity and spatial augmentation techniques to greatly diversify the available training data. Our proposed whole heart segmentation method, a 5-fold ensemble with our contributions, achieves the best performance for MR data overall and a performance similar to the best performance for CT data when compared to a model trained solely on CT. With 93.33% DSC and 0.8388 mm ASSD for CT and 89.30% DSC and 1.2411 mm ASSD for MR data, our method demonstrates great potential to efficiently obtain accurate semantic segmentations from which patient-specific cardiac twin models can be generated. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Intraoperative perfusion assessment by continuous, low-latency hyperspectral light-field imaging: development, methodology, and clinical application 23

Intraoperative perfusion assessment by continuous, low-laten...

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Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XXIII 2025

作者： Kray, Stefan Schmid, Andreas Wisotzky, Eric L. Gerlich, Moritz Apweiler, Sebastian Hilsmann, Anna Greiner, Thomas Eisert, Peter Kneist, Werner Institute of Smart Systems and Services Pforzheim University Pforzheim Germany Computer Vision & Graphics Vision & Imaging Technologies Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute HHI Berlin Germany Humboldt-University Berlin Germany Department of General- Visceral- and Thoracic Surgery Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510683600

Accurate assessment of tissue perfusion is crucial in visceral surgery, especially during anastomosis. Currently, subjective visual judgment is commonly employed in clinical settings. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) offers a non-invasive, quantitative alternative. However, HSI imaging lacks continuous integration into the clinical workflow. This study presents a hyperspectral light field system for intraoperative tissue oxygen saturation (SO2) analysis and visualization. We present a correlation method for determining SO2 saturation with low computational demands. We demonstrate clinical application, with our results aligning with the perfusion boundaries determined by the surgeon. We perform and compare continuous perfusion analysis using two hyperspectral cameras (Cubert S5, Cubert X20), achieving processing times of © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Cameras Surgery Oxygenation Hyperspectral imaging Tissues Reflectivity Resection Perfusion imaging Visualization Image segmentation

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A Hybrid Adaptive Filter for Head Tracking in Augmented Reality (AR)-based Flight Simulators

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IEEE Transactions on computers 2025年

作者： Nwobodo, Onyeka J. Kuaban, Godlove Suila Nkemeni, Valery Wereszczynski, Kamil Cyran, Krzysztof A. Silesian University of Technology Department of Computer Graphics Vision and Digital Systems Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Gliwice Poland Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics Poland University of Buea Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Computing Faculty of Engineering and Technology Buea Cameroon

This paper presents a novel approach for head tracking in augmented reality (AR) flight simulators using an adaptive fusion of Kalman and particle filters. This fusion dynamically balances the strengths of both algorithms, leveraging Kalman filters for computational efficiency and particle filters for handling non-linearities based on real-time factors such as sensor noise and head movement patterns. Our method demonstrates superior tracking precision and reduced latency, making it particularly effective for immersive pilot training in AR-based flight simulations. While focused on flight simulation, our approach holds high potential for broader applications in other AR and virtual reality (VR) environments where precise, real-time head tracking is crucial. These results provide actionable design guidance for developers optimizing tracking systems in environments that require fast response times and high accuracy. Future extensions of this research could explore the generalization of our approach across diverse AR applications, including human-computer interaction (HCI), medical simulations, and gaming. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Flight simulators

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Bigger Isn’t Always Better: Towards a General Prior for Medical Image Reconstruction

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Glaszner, Lukas Zach, Martin Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 16/II Graz8010 Austria Biomedical Imaging Group École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne1015 Switzerland Center for Biomedical Imaging Lausanne1015 Switzerland

Diffusion model have been successfully applied to many inverse problems, including MRI and CT reconstruction. Researchers typically re-purpose models originally designed for unconditional sampling without modifications. Using two different posterior sampling algorithms, we show empirically that such large networks are not necessary. Our smallest model, effectively a ResNet, performs almost as good as an attention U-Net on in-distribution reconstruction, while being significantly more robust towards distribution shifts. Furthermore, we introduce models trained on natural images and demonstrate that they can be used in both MRI and CT reconstruction, out-performing model trained on medical images in out-of-distribution cases. As a result of our findings, we strongly caution against simply re-using very large networks and encourage researchers to adapt the model complexity to the respective task. Moreover, we argue that a key step towards a general diffusion-based prior is training on natural images. © 2025, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Gaussian Process Emulators for Few-Shot Segmentation in Cardiac MRI 15th

Gaussian Process Emulators for Few-Shot Segmentation in Ca...

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15th International Workshop on Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart, STACOM 2024, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2024

作者： Viti, Bruno Thaler, Franz Kapper, Kathrin Lisa Urschler, Martin Holler, Martin Karabelas, Elias Department of Mathematics and Scientific Computing University of Graz Graz Austria Institute for Medical Informatics Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Medical Physics and Biophysics Medical University of Graz Graz Austria BioTechMed-Graz Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783031877551

Segmentation of cardiac magnetic resonance images (MRI) is crucial for the analysis and assessment of cardiac function, helping to diagnose and treat various cardiovascular diseases. Most recent techniques rely on deep learning and usually require an extensive amount of labeled data. To overcome this problem, few-shot learning has the capability of reducing data dependency on labeled data. In this work, we introduce a new method that merges few-shot learning with a U-Net architecture and Gaussian Process Emulators (GPEs), enhancing data integration from a support set for improved performance. GPEs are trained to learn the relation between the support images and the corresponding masks in latent space, facilitating the segmentation of unseen query images given only a small labeled support set at inference. We test our model with the M&Ms-2 public dataset to assess its ability to segment the heart in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging from different orientations, and compare it with state-of-the-art unsupervised and few-shot methods. Our architecture shows higher DICE coefficients compared to these methods, especially in the more challenging setups where the size of the support set is considerably small. The code is available on GitLab (https://***/bruno_viti/gpe_4_cardiac_fss). © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Gaussian distribution

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Intraoperative measurements in stapedotomy using 3D stereo imaging for optimal prosthesis length selection

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 191卷 110233-110233页

作者： Wisotzky, Eric L. Lausch, Felix Kienle, Linus L. van Bonn-Ytrehus, Sara Hilsmann, Anna Eisert, Peter Schraven, Sebastian P. Mlynski, Robert Computer Vision & Graphics Vision and Imaging Technologies Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institut HHI Berlin Germany Institute of Informatics Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Germany Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde Kopf- und Halschirurgie "Otto Körner" Universitätsmedizin Rostock Germany Department of Othorinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Interdisciplinary Skull Base Center Klinikum Fulda GAG University Medicine Marburg Campus Fulda Germany

The application of 3D stereoscopic imaging in surgery represents an innovative approach for anatomical measurements without the use of ionizing radiation or tools contacting the anatomy. Achieving precise intraoperative measurements is crucial in microsurgery, yet conventional methods often lack accuracy due to technical limitations in microscopic zoom lens systems. This study investigates 3D imaging within a digital microscope for stapedotomy, focusing on its accuracy and clinical applicability in selecting optimal prosthesis lengths. We present an optimized calibration scheme for stereoscopic zoom-focus systems across all focus settings, particularly at high magnification levels. A cohort of 23 patients underwent stapedotomy with stereo imaging for landmark annotation and prosthesis measurement. Our calibration method ensured sub-millimeter accuracy, achieving an average deviation of 0.2097 ± 0.1598 mm. The findings demonstrated a significant correlation between insertion depth and postoperative audiological outcomes. Audiological evaluations revealed a mean air-bone gap improvement of 19.1 dB [HL], validating the method's clinical efficacy. This technique offers a radiation-free, efficient alternative to conventional methods, integrating seamlessly into surgical workflows. The study highlights the potential of this imaging modality to enhance surgical precision and patient outcomes, setting the stage for future advancements in automated real-time measurements and broader clinical validation. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Stereo image processing

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