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Intelligent integrated sensing and communication:a survey

Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 5-46页

作者： Jifa ZHANG Weidang LU Chengwen XING Nan ZHAO Naofal AL-DHAHIR George K.KARAGIANNIDIS Xiaoniu YANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep reinforcement learning federated learning generative artificial intelligence integrated sensing and communication machine learning transfer learning

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VoWi-Fi security threats: Address resolution protocol attack and countermeasures

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IET Networks 2024年第2期13卷 129-146页

作者： Lu, Kuan-Chu Liu, I.-Hsien Chang, Keng-Hao Li, Jung-Shian Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

B5G/6G networks are facing challenges in the deployment of additional base stations. However, Taiwan's four major operators have launched VoWi-Fi calling services to maintain signal quality and coverage for customers. These services pose potential threats when users connect to untrusted Wi-Fi networks. Therefore, the authors utilised commercial equipment to study the security of VoWi-Fi calling services offered by Taiwan's four major telecom companies. The authors employed address resolution protocol attack methods to develop two verification attacks that bypass existing security measures: one for dropping session initiation protocol packets and the other for dropping voice call packets, both capable of circumventing current security defences. Through real-world experiments, the authors confirmed their feasibility and assessed their potential harm. Consequently, two defence methods are proposed. The first is an anti-attack algorithm for app and device manufacturers to detect the security of the user's calling environment. The second is a recommendation for telecom operators to implement new detection mechanisms to safeguard user rights. The cover image is based on the Case Study VoWi-Fi security threats: Address resolution protocol attack and countermeasures by Kuan-Chu Lu et al., https://***/10.1049/ntw2.12113. © 2024 The Authors. IET Networks published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of engineering and Technology.

关键词： Wi-Fi

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Common criteria for security evaluation and malicious intrusion detection mechanism of dam supervisory control and data acquisition system

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IET Networks 2024年第5-6期13卷 546-559页

作者： Lu, Kuan-Chu Liu, I-Hsien Liu, Zong-Chao Li, Jung-Shian Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are vital in monitoring and controlling industrial processes through the web. However, while such systems result in lower costs, greater utilisation efficiency, and improved reliability, they are vulnerable to cyberattacks, with consequences ranging from the inconvenience and minor disruption to severe physical damage and even loss of life. The authors evaluate the security of the Dam system in the form of Common Criteria, develop safety goals to improve this safety, and focus on threats and risks to the dam SCADA system. Finally proposes an anomaly-based machine-learning framework for detecting malicious network attacks in the SCADA system of a dam. Three unsupervised classification algorithms are considered: hierarchical clustering, local outlier factor, and isolation forest. It is shown that the hierarchical clustering algorithm achieves the highest precision and F-score of the three algorithms. Overall, the results confirm the effectiveness of anomaly-based detection algorithms in enhancing the robustness of SCADA systems toward malicious attacks. At the same time, it complies with the security objectives of Common Criteria, achieving the safety and protection of the dam. © 2024 The Author(s). IET Networks published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of engineering and Technology.

关键词： Internet of things

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Learning-based user association and dynamic resource allocation in multi-connectivity enabled unmanned aerial vehicle networks

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Digital communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 53-62页

作者： Zhipeng Cheng Minghui Liwang Ning Chen Lianfen Huang Nadra Guizani Xiaojiang Du Department of Information and Communication Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX76019USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ07030USA

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAvs)as aerial base stations to provide communication services for ground users is a flexible and cost-effective paradigm in ***,dynamic resource allocation and multi-connectivity can be adopted to further harness the potentials of UAVs in improving communication capacity,in such situations such that the interference among users becomes a pivotal disincentive requiring effective *** this end,we investigate the Joint UAV-User Association,Channel Allocation,and transmission Power Control(J-UACAPC)problem in a multi-connectivity-enabled UAV network with constrained backhaul links,where each UAV can determine the reusable channels and transmission power to serve the selected ground *** goal was to mitigate co-channel interference while maximizing long-term system *** problem was modeled as a cooperative stochastic game with hybrid discrete-continuous action space.A Multi-Agent Hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning(MAHDRL)algorithm was proposed to address this *** simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and showed that it has a higher system utility than the baseline methods.

关键词： UAV-user association Multi-connectivity Resource allocation Power control Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning

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Preamble detection for broadband power line communication systems

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Telecommunication Systems 2024年第1期87卷 47-60页

作者： Su, Szu-Lin Huang, Nan-Hsiung Chen, Yu-Hsuan Lai, Kuei-Chiang Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

Power line communication (PLC) systems enable information exchange over existing electric power grids at a low deployment cost. Such systems constitute a crucial component of smart grids. However, PLC is negatively affected by multipath channel, random impulsive noise (IN), and background noise. Numerous studies have evaluated the data detection performance of PLC systems;however, few studies have examined the preamble detection performance of these systems under IN. Accordingly, the present study evaluated preamble detection schemes for PLC systems. Specifically, the study compared two schemes, namely, an energy detection scheme and an autocorrelation detection scheme. The study results indicated that the energy detection scheme exhibited lower complexity and had a shorter mean time to correct detection than did the autocorrelation detection scheme. Therefore, the energy detection scheme was determined to be more suitable than the autocorrelation detection scheme for preamble detection in power line channels, a finding that is in contrast to expectations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Impulse noise

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Low-profile,low sidelobe array antenna with ultrawide beam coverage for UAV communication

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 444-454页

作者： Mei LI Zhiliang SHANG Lin PU Ming-Chun TANG Lei ZHU School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MacaoMacao SAR 999078China

This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground *** array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low ***,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source ***,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating *** consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation *** indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer *** concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.

关键词： Array antenna Broad beam Fan beam Low sidelobe level Chebyshev synthesis UAV communication

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Let the Information Fly: Reconstructing Social Network After a Node Deleted

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IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data engineering 2024年第3期36卷 1198-1209页

作者： Li, Shiou-Chi Huang, Jen-Wei National Cheng-Kung University Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan70101 Taiwan National Cheng-Kung University Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan70101 Taiwan

Despite considerable research into information diffusion, most models focus on static networks. Networks in the real world change over time and information is lost when a node disappears. We sought to resolve the problem of information loss by defining information and information loss in general terms. Experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme in resolving problems of information loss in real-world networks using only a few edges. © 1989-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Directed graphs

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Wide field of view large aperture meta-doublet eyepiece

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 167-176页

作者： Anna Wirth-Singh Johannes E.Fröch Fan Yang Louis Martin Hanyu Zheng Hualiang Zhang Quentin T.Tanguy Zhihao Zhou Luocheng Huang Demis DJohn Biljana Stamenic Juejun Hu Tian Gu Arka Majumdar Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MassachusettsLowellMAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA

Wide field of view and light weight optics are critical for advanced eyewear,with applications in augmented/virtual reality and night *** refractive lenses are often stacked to correct aberrations at a wide field of view,leading to limited performance and increased size and *** particular,simultaneously achieving a wide field of view and large aperture for light collection is desirable but challenging to realize in a compact ***,we demonstrate a wide field of view(greater than 60°)meta-optic doublet eyepiece with an entrance aperture of 2.1 *** the design wavelength of 633 nm,the meta-optic doublet achieves comparable performance to a refractive lens-based eyepiece *** meta-doublet eyepiece illustrates the potential for meta-optics to play an important role in the development of high-quality monochrome near-eye displays and night vision systems.

关键词： optics refractive illustrate

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A 0.9-V 36% PAE Broadband Continuous Class-F CMOS mm-Wave Power Amplifier Using Novel Current-Mode Power Combiner

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IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 2025年第2期73卷 938-952页

作者： Batabyal, Anik Zele, Rajesh H. Khyalia, Santosh Kumar Wang, Huei Department of Electrical Engineering Mumbai400076 India Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan National Taiwan University Department of Electrical Engineering The Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan

This article presents a fully integrated broadband two-stage differential millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) power amplifier (PA) based on a novel current-mode power combiner. New harmonic terminations have been proposed to obtain an increase in power-added efficiency (PAE) over a wide range of frequencies. A capacitive third harmonic termination to the drain impedance at the output stage of PA provides flexibility in choosing a lower self-resonance frequency (SRF) of the transformer in the output matching network. The freedom of choosing a lower SRF enables the utilization of lateral coupling in the transformer (output matching network), which further removes the requirement of ultrathick top metal (UTM) layer. A low-cost solution has been developed and the PA shows improved performance even without UTM. The proposed idea generalizes the load impedance terminations and reduces the technology dependence of PA design. The PA operates both in the Ka-band and the fifth-generation (5G)-FR2 band. The PA fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process without a UTM layer occupies a core area of 0.31 mm2. The proposed PA achieves 19.1 dB of measured small-signal gain at 28 GHz, a peak power output of 15.9 dBm from 28 to 31 GHz with a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 36% from a supply voltage of 0.9 V. The -3-dB bandwidth of 28.3% achieved by this design is one of the highest reported bandwidths for CMOS mm-Wave PAs. For 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) 5G-new radio (5G-NR) signal input with 200-MHz bandwidth, the PA shows a measured error vector magnitude (EVM) of -27 dB at 28 GHz and the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) ≈ -32 dBc without utilizing digital predistortion (DPD). © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Quadrature amplitude modulation

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Device Power Saving with Time-Frequency Adaptation: Joint BWP-DRX Design with BWP Switching Delay Considered

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第7期24卷 6613-6627页

作者： Tsai, Cheng-Wei Lin, Kuang-Hsun Wei, and Hung-Yu National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering 106319 Taiwan National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering 106319 Taiwan

In today's ever-growing data traffic landscape, optimizing network power efficiency and performance has become crucial. Discontinuous Reception (DRX) and Bandwidth Parts (BWP) are two key technologies that fulfill this pursuit. DRX is a time-domain power-saving technology that allows user equipment (UE) to switch off their radio frequency module. BWP switching is a frequency domain operation that allows UE to operate on only partial bandwidth for power saving. Investigating the interaction and trade-off between DRX and BWP is a must to optimize network efficiency and enhance network performance. This work proposed a novel BWP-DRX joint mechanism and its analytical model that leverages the concept of "Detect time" with the consideration of BWP switching delay. The model reduces packet loss rate by 50%, packet delay by 36% and increases the energy efficiency rate by 50% when arrival rate is high with the trade-off of 12% power efficiency reduction when arrival rate is low compared to the model without Detect time. The influence of each parameter is further analyzed to reach the best network efficiency under different traffic conditions. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bandwidth

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