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Wavy water-to-air optical camera communication system using rolling shutter image sensor and long short term memory neural network

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Optics Express 2024年第5期32卷 6814-6822页

作者： Tsai, Shang-Yen Chang, Yun-Han Chow, Chi-Wai Department of Photonics Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Photonics Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

We propose and experimentally demonstrate for the first time up to the authors' knowledge a wide field-of-view (FOV) water-to-air optical transmission using rolling-shutter (RS) based optical camera communication (OCC). Here, we evaluate the proposed OCC system without water ripple and with different percentage increases of water ripple. Long short term memory neural network (LSTM-NN) is utilized to mitigate the wavy water turbulence induced link outage and to decode 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM4) RS pattern by meeting the pre-forward error correction bit-error-rate (pre-FEC BER = 3.8 × 10-3). We also evaluate the FOVs of the proposed water-to-air RS-based OCC system. This can be implemented by using different angular rotations of the camera. Experimental results show that the proposed OCC system can support ±70°, ± 30°, and ±30° rotations around the z-, y- and x-directions, respectively when operated at 6 kbit/s and decoded using LSTM-NN. © 2024 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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A Novel Proof-of-Concept AI-Driven Approach for Advanced Electromagnetic Imaging

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 2025年 151卷 25-31页

作者： Ghaffarpour, Ali Vasei, Tahereh Ganesh, Mahindra Amineh, Reza K. Ravan, Maryam Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York Institute of Technology New YorkNY10023 United States

This paper introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) methodology designed to enhance the output of two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetic imaging systems, specifically tailored for the imaging of conductive objects utilizing inductive sensors. The core of our imaging system comprises a commercial data acquisition board, alongside custom-made multilayer planar coils developed by conventional printed circuit board technology. By leveraging recent advances in AI and machine learning, our approach significantly improves the resolution and clarity of electromagnetic images. The paper uses a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier to process the raw electromagnetic data captured by the imaging system. These algorithms are trained to recognize patterns and anomalies in electromagnetic field data, which are often indicative of conductive objects. The enhanced imaging capability is demonstrated through a series of experiments that compare the AI-enhanced outputs with the ground truth. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Coupon-based Demand Response for Consumers Facing Flat-rate Retail Pricing

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第5期10卷 1887-1900页

作者： Hongxun Hui Yi Ding Kaining Luan Tao Chen Yonghua Song Saifur Rahman State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MacaoMacao 999078China. College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. LTD.Nanjing 210000China School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Advanced Research Institute and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityVA 22203USA

Even though smart meters have been widely used in power systems around the world,many consumers are still finding it hard to participate in demand response(DR)due to flat-rate retail pricing *** address this issue,this paper proposes a coupon-based demand response(CDR)scheme to achieve equivalent dynamic retail prices to inspire consumers’inherent ***,a security-constrained unit commitment optimization model is developed in the day-ahead market to obtain coupon rewards,which are then broadcast to consumers to motivate them to reschedule their power consumption *** evaluate the adjustment value of consumers’power consumption,a collective utility function is proposed to formulate the relationship between power quantity and coupon *** this basis,the security-constrained economic dispatch model is developed in the intra-day market to reschedule generating units’output power according to real-time load demands and fluctuating renewable *** the operation interval,a settlement method is developed to quantify consumers’electricity fees and coupon benefits on a monthly *** proposed CDR scheme avoids real-time iterative bidding process and effectively decreases the difficulty of massive,small consumers participating in *** proposed CDR is implemented in a realistic DR project in China to verify consumers’energy cost and renewables’curtailment can both be decreased.

关键词： Coupons demand response flat-rate retail pricing renewable energies small consumers

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Highly sensitive optical biosensor based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a graphene-dielectric metasurface

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第4期57卷 1-17页

作者： Bagheritabar, Mohsen Molaei Zarasvand, Mahdi Yazdani, Afsoon Molaei Zarasvand, Melika Salemizadeh Parizi, Mohammad Bahadori-Haghighi, Shahram Department of Electrical Engineering University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH45221-0030 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University ClemsonSC29634 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Emory University AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Communication and Electronics Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz Iran

In this paper, a graphene-dielectric metasurface is proposed for effective optical biosensing. The structure is composed of a periodic array of double-slit split-ring resonators (SRRs) adjacent to silicon bars over a sheet of graphene and silicon dioxide substrate. Interactions between electric dipoles (bright modes) in silicon bars and magnetic dipoles (dark modes) excited in SRRs lead to a high quality factor resonance based on the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). High electric field confinement is achieved within the two gaps of SRRs at the resonance frequency, which result in strong light-analyte interaction. The structural parameters of the proposed metasurface are optimized to achieve the best performance. The biosensor is analyzed using the finite-element method (FEM) and the results are presented. Owing to the high Q-factor EIT resonance and the enhanced light-matter interaction inside the gaps, a high sensitivity of 496 nm/RIU and figure-of-merit (FOM) of as high as 741 RIU−1 are achieved that are higher than those reported in recently published works. The resolution and the linearity R2 value of the proposed biosensor are calculated to be 2.02e-4 and 0.999, respectively. The reported characteristics could be promising for sensing of various biomolecules such as hemoglobin. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Q factor measurement

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Fabrication of LCE Microactuator Arrays Through Soft Lithography With Surface Alignment

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Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 2025年第3期34卷 241-243页

作者： Li, Ke Kim, Jae-Jun Fernandes, Jayer Jiang, Hongrui University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MadisonWI53705 United States University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences McPherson Eye Research Institute MadisonWI53706 United States

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) offer potentially programmable actuation through precise molecular alignment, making them ideal for microactuators in soft robotics and optical systems. However, achieving precise microscale alignment for LCE actuator arrays through scalable microfabrication approaches has been challenging. This letter introduces a low-cost surface alignment method to fabricate LCE microactuator arrays, reducing the dependency on expensive equipment, improving accessibility and manufactuarability compared to existing studies using field-assisted alignment methods. Thermal actuation tests demonstrated strong thermal responsiveness and stability. Our method offers a superior approach to integrating LCE microactuator arrays with modern microfabrication processes, promising multitudinous applications in MEMS and beyond. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved,.

关键词： Microfabrication

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Time-Division Multiplexing Light Field Display With Learned Coded Aperture

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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2023年 32卷 350-363页

作者： Chao, Chung-Hao Liu, Chang-Le Chen, Homer H. National Taiwan University Department of Electrical Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering The Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia Department of Electrical Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan

Conventional stereoscopic displays suffer from vergence-accommodation conflict and cause visual fatigue. Integral-imaging-based displays resolve the problem by directly projecting the sub-aperture views of a light field into the eyes using a microlens array or a similar structure. However, such displays have an inherent trade-off between angular and spatial resolutions. In this paper, we propose a novel coded time-division multiplexing technique that projects encoded sub-aperture views to the eyes of a viewer with correct cues for vergence-accommodation reflex. Given sparse light field sub-aperture views, our pipeline can provide a perception of high-resolution refocused images with minimal aliasing by jointly optimizing the sub-aperture views for display and the coded aperture pattern. This is achieved via deep learning in an end-to-end fashion by simulating light transport and image formation with Fourier optics. To our knowledge, this work is among the first that optimize the light field display pipeline with deep learning. We verify our idea with objective image quality metrics (PSNR, SSIM, and LPIPS) and perform an extensive study on various customizable design variables in our display pipeline. Experimental results show that light fields displayed using the proposed technique indeed have higher quality than that of baseline display designs. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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Securing Next-Generation Quantum IoT Applications using Quantum Key Distribution

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IEEE Internet of Things Magazine 2025年第1期8卷 50-56页

作者： Bera, Basudeb Das, Ashok Kumar Sikdar, Biplab The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore The International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad India

The next generation of Quantum Internet of Things (QIoT) has the potential to revolutionize various sectors, including smart homes, healthcare, and smart cities, by enabling more sophisticated and interconnected systems. These applications incorporate advanced features, such as autonomous decision-making based on Quantum Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (QAI/ML) and context-aware functionality. The security of the data in these applications relies on traditional cryptographic techniques, which, however, face a growing threat due to the significant advancements in quantum computing, especially with the Shor’s algorithm. This algorithm poses a substantial risk of breaking conventional cryptographic methods within a feasible timeframe. To address these emerging security challenges in the quantum realm, we propose a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) based on the BB84 protocol. This approach aims to provide robust authentication using certificates through a classical channel and secure quantum key exchange via a quantum channel in a public environment. The proposed QKD scheme is implemented using a client-server model in Python and Qiskit, demonstrating its practicality in real-world applications. The obtained results showcase the successful establishment of a secure session key between IoT smart (sensor) devices and gateway nodes, effectively mitigating potential threats such as eavesdropping. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Smart homes

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4D Structured Tensor Decomposition-Based Channel Estimation for RIS-Aided mmWave MIMO-NOMA System in Internet of Vehicles

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第12期12卷 22298-22310页

作者： Cai, Wanyuan Li, Youming Wu, Yonghong Sheng, Menglei Qi, Qinke Guo, Qiang Ningbo University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo315211 China China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation Qingdao266107 China Harbin Engineering University College of Information and Communication Engineering Harbin150000 China

Severe Doppler shift and the obstruction of the line-of-sight (LoS) path significantly decrease the communication performance. This article considers a downlink channel estimation problem for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) system in Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) with high-mobility scenarios. By introducing the concept of aggregated slot and half slot, a 5G subframe partitioning scheme without changing the standard 5G frame structure is first proposed to facilitate the formulation of the received signal. Then, the received signal is modeled as a quadrilinear tensor, meeting with a canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) form, which separates angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), time delay, and Doppler shift into four corresponding factor matrices and avoids parameters coupling. Subsequently, by leveraging the Vandermonde structure of the factor matrix and the low-rank property of the mmWave channel, we design a four-dimension (4D) structured tensor decomposition-based method to decompose the tensor into four factor matrices in a closed-form solution, which can avoid initialization and iteration. Accordingly, the channel parameters can be extracted by a simple correlation-based estimator. After obtaining the channel parameters, we construct a least squares problem to obtain the channel path gain, which can avoid solving the scaling matrix. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, in which the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) results for channel parameters are derived as the benchmark. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Least squares approximations

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Design of Clustering Techniques in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

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computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第1期44卷 441-456页

作者： R.Ganesh Babu D.Hemanand V.Amudha S.Sugumaran Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM TRP Engineering College621105Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sriram Engineering College602024Tamil NaduIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering602105Tamil NaduIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vishnu Institute of TechnologyBhimavaram534202Andhra PradeshIndia

In recent decades,several optimization algorithms have been developed for selecting the most energy efficient clusters in order to save power during trans-mission to a shorter distance while restricting the Primary Users(PUs)*** Cognitive Radio(CR)system is based on the Adaptive Swarm Distributed Intelligent based Clustering algorithm(ASDIC)that shows better spectrum sensing among group of multiusers in terms of sensing error,power sav-ing,and convergence *** this research paper,the proposed ASDIC algorithm develops better energy efficient distributed cluster based sensing with the optimal number of clusters on their *** this research,multiple random Sec-ondary Users(SUs),and PUs are considered for ***,the pro-posed ASDIC algorithm improved the convergence speed by combining the multi-users clustered communication compared to the existing optimization *** results showed that the proposed ASDIC algorithm reduced the node power of 9.646%compared to the existing ***,ASDIC algorithm reduced 24.23%of SUs average node power compared to the existing *** of detection is higher by reducing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)to 2 dB *** proposed ASDIC delivers low false alarm rate compared to other existing optimization algorithms in the primary *** results showed that the proposed ASDIC algorithm effectively solves the multimodal optimization problems and maximizes the performance of net-work capacity.

关键词： Adaptive swarm distributed clustering cognitive radio clustering algorithm distributed swarm intelligent energy efficient distributed cluster-based sensing multi modal optimization

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KHOWmark: optimized dual image watermarking and its two-level authentication for smart healthcare system in schur domain

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Tiwari, Anurag Awasthi, Divyanshu Srivastava, Vinay Kumar Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Prayagraj211004 India School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering VIT BHOPAL University Sehore466114 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering GLA University Mathura MATHURA India

A wide solution to address the growing diversity of specialized security threats in healthcare information management, watermarking has been proposed in response to contemporary worries about multimedia security and the necessity of efficiently storing, accessing, and transmitting enormous volumes of medical data. Dual watermark-based methods can be utilized simultaneously for various image watermarking applications, however the real-time implementation of a single watermark-based method has a number of drawbacks. In this work, Lifting wavelet transform (LWT)-Discrete cosine transform-Schur decomposition (SD) based dual image watermarking scheme is proposed for medical applications in which zigzag scanning based selective embedding is done to provide balance between imperceptibility and robustness. In the proposed scheme, two watermark images: (i) patient ‘Aadhaar’ card and (ii) patient ‘fingerprint’ are taken to embed into the cover ultrasound image. In the presented work, embedding gain factor is optimized using the Krill herd optimization in order to balance imperceptibility and robustness. In this work, Advanced encryption standard authentication and features from accelerated segment test feature-based authentication is done to verify the watermarked image. The proposed method offers more than 10% improvement in performance parameters in most of the cases. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Authentication

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