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Design, Implementation and Analysis of HIBRI Cipher on IoT Platforms

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2024年第6期105卷 1-13页

作者： Nagesh, H.R. Poojari, Asmita Kumar, V. G. Kiran Canara Engineering College Benjanapadavu Bantwal Taluk Karnataka Mangaluru574219 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering NMAM Institute of Technology Karnataka Nitte 574110 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering A J Institute Engineering and Technology Karnataka Mangaluru575006 India

With the exponential growth of the Internet of Things through time there has been an enormous increase in the usage of tiny devices and information being exchanged, between low resource devices like sensors, PDA’s and the high-end devices like servers or clouds. This opens up several challenges in securing the information being exchanged. Consequently, there is a greater demand for designing encryption algorithms, particularly for devices with limited resources. This paper introduces the HIBRI cipher, a combination of the HIGHT and the BRIGHT cipher implemented in software as well as hardware. The proposed cipher is evaluated for randomness test, strict avalanche criteria, key sensitivity tests to assess the cipher’s security while memory utilization, energy consumption, execution time and throughput are analyzed by implementing in Arduino Nano based on the Atmega328 microcontroller. The NIST tests for key generation yielded P ≥ 0.01 which proves that the proposed key generation scheme generated truly random numbers while the hardware implementation shows that the comparison results for code size, RAM and execution size yielded better results than the implementations that are cutting-edge. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s);author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

关键词： Random access storage

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Triple-Band Circular Ring Monopole Antenna for RF Power Harvesting Applications

Advanced Electromagnetics

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Advanced Electromagnetics 2025年第1期14卷 39-51页

作者： Mbida, Joseph Mari Mebara Eyebe, Guy Ayissi Singh, Ghanshyam Mbinack, Clément Yende, Mohamed Njianga Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Electrical and Computing Engineering Department Université du Québec à Trois-Rivieres Canada Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Feroze Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology Raebareli India

This paper presents a simple and efficient approach for an antenna design and construction based on an I-shaped slot-loaded triple wideband microstrip monopole antenna with novel radio frequency (RF) power/energy harvesting capability. The proposed antenna takes advantage of circular ring shape properties, loaded with an I-shaped slot with degraded ground structure (DGS) to improve the input performances of the conventional planar circular microstrip patch antenna (C-patch). Input impedance and magnetic field radiation pattern are calculated using the electromagnetic theory of transmission line in traveling waves and resonant cavity TE11 field mode, respectively. The proposed antenna is configured on thin lossy substrate material RO4003C of volume 64.800×57.000×1.524 (in mm3), relative dielectric permittivity Εr = 3.55, and numerically investigated using CST MWS. The prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested. The experimental results show that the fabricated antenna exhibits an impressive 142% (2.98-11.11 GHz), 21.3% (11.54-14.42 GHz), and 19.6% (15.78-19.44 GHz) fractional bandwidth (FBW) for the resonant frequency of 5.73, 13.55, and 18.69 GHz respectively and peak gain of 4.2 dBi at the frequency of 5.8 GHz. Experimentally, the proposed antenna can be used in multiple applications like 2.4 GHz (2.401-2.495 GHz) Wi-Fi band/5 GHz (5.170-5.875 GHz) WLAN band/(3.1-10.6 GHz) US UWB at the view of the achieved lower band, FR3 6G operation regarding the obtained middle/intermediate band, and the future wireless and millimeter-wave communication systems according to the obtained upper band. © 2025, Advanced Electromagnetics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Directional patterns (antenna)

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Secure deep learning-based energy efficient routing with intrusion detection system for wireless sensor networks

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2024年第4期46卷 8587-8603页

作者： Sakthimohan, M. Deny, J. Elizabeth Rani, G. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Tamil Nadu India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India

In general, wireless sensor networks are used in various industries, including environmental monitoring, military applications, and queue tracking. To support vital applications, it is crucial to ensure effectiveness and security. To prolong the network lifetime, most current works either introduce energy-preserving and dynamic clustering strategies to maintain the optimal energy level or attempt to address intrusion detection to fix attacks. In addition, some strategies use routing algorithms to secure the network from one or two attacks to meet this requirement, but many fewer solutions can withstand multiple types of attacks. So, this paper proposes a secure deep learning-based energy-efficient routing (SDLEER) mechanism for WSNs that comes with an intrusion detection system for detecting attacks in the network. The proposed system overcomes the existing solutions’ drawbacks by including energy-efficient intrusion detection and prevention mechanisms in a single network. The system transfers the network’s data in an energy-aware manner and detects various kinds of network attacks in WSNs. The proposed system mainly comprises two phases, such as optimal cluster-based energy-aware routing and deep learning-based intrusion detection system. Initially, the cluster of sensor nodes is formed using the density peak k-mean clustering algorithm. After that, the proposed system applies an improved pelican optimization approach to select the cluster heads optimally. The data are transmitted to the base station via the chosen optimal cluster heads. Next, in the attack detection phase, the preprocessing operations, such as missing value imputation and normalization, are done on the gathered dataset. Next, the proposed system applies principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset. Finally, intrusion classification is performed by Smish activation included recurrent neural networks. The proposed system uses the NSL-KDD dataset to train and test it. The

关键词： Intrusion detection

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A Miniature Hexa-Band Antenna for Internet of Things Applications Using Six Quarter-wavelength Resonators

Advanced Electromagnetics

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Advanced Electromagnetics 2025年第1期14卷 52-58页

作者： Hasan, Yousif Mohsin Rahman, Zain-Aldeen S. A. Al-Yasir, Yasir I. A. Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering College of Engineering University of Al-Qadisiyah Iraq Department of Electrical Techniques Technical Institute/Qurna Southern Technical University Basra61016 Iraq Communication and Space Systems Engineering Research Team Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester United Kingdom Communications Engineering Department Iraq University College Basra Iraq

This work presents a compact, low-cost hexa-band microstrip antenna for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed hexa-band antenna is composed of simple six-λ/4 resonators to generate six resonant frequencies: GSM 1.84 GHz (1.8-1.89 GHz), Bluetooth 2.31 GHz (2.25 –2.375 GHz), WiMAX 3.3 GHz (3.16-3.47 GHz), WiFi 4.63 GHz (4.34-5 GHz), upper WLAN 6.1 GHz (5.8-6.91 GHz) and X-band 9.26 GHz (8.87-9.83 GHz). The proposed hexa-band antenna is fabricated using FR4 substrate with (23 × 20 × 1.6) mm3 dimensions, and its measured results are presented to validate the simulated results. The results of simulations and measurements are used to examine the radiation properties, including radiation patterns, gain, efficiency, VSWR, and reflection coefficient. The proposed hexa-band antenna has a miniaturized size and good radiation performance. © 2025, Advanced Electromagnetics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wireless local area networks (WLAN)

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IRS-Assisted Data and Energy Transfer MAC Protocol 18

IRS-Assisted Data and Energy Transfer MAC Protocol

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18th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and communication, IMCOM 2024

作者： Xing, Weiyue Piao, Yijun Lee, Tae-Jin College of Information and Communication Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331011

In the next-generation wireless networks, an enormous number of devices are expected to communicate with one another. However, due to the battery limitation of devices and insufficient energy supplement, data transmission efficiency of the network can be reduced. Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) can work as helper for energy harvesting. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol that utilizes Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) with IRS. In the proposed protocol, devices can transmit data to the Hybrid Access Point (H-AP) simultaneously through NOMA and achieve sufficient energy from the H-AP with the help of IRS. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol has notable improvement in the system throughput and energy efficiency. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Medium access control

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A survey on semantic communications:Technologies,solutions,applications and challenges

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Digital communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 528-545页

作者： Yating Liu Xiaojie Wang Zhaolong Ning MengChu Zhou Lei Guo Behrouz Jedari School of Communication and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Baotou Vocational&Technical College Baotou 014035China School of Information and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA Nokia Finland

Semantic communication(SC)has emerged as a novel communication paradigm that provides a receiver with meaningful information extracted from the source to maximize information transmission throughput in wireless networks,beyond the theoretical capacity *** the extensive research on SC,there is a lack of comprehensive survey on technologies,solutions,applications,and challenges for *** this article,the development of SC is first reviewed and its characteristics,architecture,and advantages are ***,key technologies such as semantic extraction,semantic encoding,and semantic segmentation are discussed and their corresponding solutions in terms of efficiency,robustness,adaptability,and reliability are *** of SC to UAV communication,remote image sensing and fusion,intelligent transportation,and healthcare are also presented and their strategies are ***,some challenges and future research directions are presented to provide guidance for further research of SC.

关键词： Semantic communication Semantic coding Semantic extraction Semantic communication framework Semantic communication applications

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Federated Multitask Learning for Complaint Identification Using Graph Attention Network

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第3期5卷 1277-1286页

作者： Singh, Apoorva Chandrasekar, Siddarth Sen, Tanmay Saha, Sriparna Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Patna Patna801106 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Iiitdm Kancheepuram600127 India Ericsson Kolkata700135 India

Prior study on automatically identifying complaints on social media has relied on extensive feature engineering in centralized settings, with no consideration for the decentralized, nonidentically independently distributed (Non-IID), and privacyconscious aspect of complaints, which can hinder data collection, distribution, and learning. In this work, we propose a graph attention network (GAT)-based multitask framework that intends to learn two closely related tasks, complaint detection (primary task) and sentiment classification (auxiliary task), simultaneously in federated learning scenarios. We propose the Federated Combination (FedComb) algorithm, a two-sided adaptive optimization technique that simultaneously optimizes global and local models. The proposed methodology outperforms several baselines for the intended task of recognizing complaints in decentralized settings, according to quantitative and qualitative studies on two benchmark datasets. Impact Statement-Automatic complaint identification is crucial to organizations as they provide insights to meet the customers' requirements, including handling and addressing the complaints. Unlike standard technologies developed using data stored in the cloud, a federated learning model allows businesses to learn complaint detection models without sharing their training data spread on their local databases with third-party cloud services. In this work, we propose a GAT-based sentiment-aided complaint identification in federated learning settings. The proposed FedComb algorithm integrates local and global model optimization, making it efficient compared to existing federated algorithms. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Improved Detection for Single-Carrier Block Transmission Based on Gradient Search

Improved Detection for Single-Carrier Block Transmission Bas...

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2023 VTS Asia Pacific Wireless communications Symposium, APWCS 2023

作者： Lee, Po-Chun Chang, Ming-Xian National Cheng-Kung University Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan70101 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316803

The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the main technology for modern communications. However, the OFDM system has the problem of high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). With the proper linear precoding for the OFDM system, we can obtain the Single-Carrier block transmission system (SCBT), which does not have the problem of PAPR. Furthermore, the SCBT system has the advantage of multipath diversity. The received SCBT signal can be transformed into frequency domain (FD) for equalization, followed by the time-domain (TD) detection. However, we can further improve the detection of the equalized TD signal. Some methods based on decision feedback have been proposed to attain better detection. In this paper, we apply the gradient search algorithm (GSA) in the equalized TD signal to reduce the error rates. The GSA is based on differential metrics (DM), and it was first proposed for the detection of the multiple antenna system. Now we apply the GSA algorithm and propose several searching procedures that can achieve lower error rates for the SCBT system. The simulation shows that the GSA can efficiently improve the performance of error rates for the detection of SCBT signals. The proposed method also achieves a trade-off between error performance and complexity. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Peak to average power ratio

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CS2DIPs: Unsupervised HSI Super-Resolution Using Coupled Spatial and Spectral DIPs

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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2024年 33卷 3090-3101页

作者： Fang, Yuan Liu, Yipeng Chi, Chong-Yung Long, Zhen Zhu, Ce University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Communication and Information Engineering Chengdu611731 China National Tsing Hua University Institute of Communications Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

In recent years, fusing high spatial resolution multispectral images (HR-MSIs) and low spatial resolution hyperspectral images (LR-HSIs) has become a widely used approach for hyperspectral image super-resolution (HSI-SR). Various unsupervised HSI-SR methods based on deep image prior (DIP) have gained wide popularity thanks to no pre-training requirement. However, DIP-based methods often demonstrate mediocre performance in extracting latent information from the data. To resolve this performance deficiency, we propose a coupled spatial and spectral deep image priors (CS2DIPs) method for the fusion of an HR-MSI and an LR-HSI into an HR-HSI. Specifically, we integrate the nonnegative matrix-vector tensor factorization (NMVTF) into the DIP framework to jointly learn the abundance tensor and spectral feature matrix. The two coupled DIPs are designed to capture essential spatial and spectral features in parallel from the observed HR-MSI and LR-HSI, respectively, which are then used to guide the generation of the abundance tensor and spectral signature matrix for the fusion of the HSI-SR by mode-3 tensor product, meanwhile taking some inherent physical constraints into account. Free from any training data, the proposed CS2DIPs can effectively capture rich spatial and spectral information. As a result, it exhibits much superior performance and convergence speed over most existing DIP-based methods. Extensive experiments are provided to demonstrate its state-of-the-art overall performance including comparison with benchmark peer methods. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Tensors

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Energy Harvesting in Multi-Hop UAV-Assisted FSO communication Systems 17

Energy Harvesting in Multi-Hop UAV-Assisted FSO Communicatio...

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17th International Conference on communication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Sharma, Prashant Sarvani, Manda Swaminathan, R. Indian Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Indore India National Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Mizoram India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a multi-hop unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based free space optics (FSO) communication system over the recently introduced doubly inverted Gamma-Gamma (IGGG) turbulence channel model. The system assumes a decode-and-forward (DF) relaying strategy, enabling flexible deployment for line-of-sight (LoS) communication between UAVs and ground nodes. Linear energy harvesting techniques are employed at each relay to improve power efficiency. The channel modeling incorporates key impairments, including atmospheric turbulence, non-zero boresight pointing errors, path loss, and angle-of-arrival (AoA) fluctuations. We derive the closed-form expressions for the proposed system's probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), outage probability, and ergodic capacity. In addition, the diversity gain and outage floor are calculated from the asymptotic analysis. The derived analytical expressions are validated through Monte-Carlo simulations, showing excellent agreement with numerical results. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Distribution functions

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