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Intrusion Detection in IoT Network Traffic Using Markov Model

Sensors and Materials 2024年第3期36卷 1127-1134页

作者： Liu, I.-Hsien Huang, Hsiao-Ching Lee, Meng-Huan Li, Jung-Shian Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan City701401 Taiwan Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan City701401 Taiwan

The rapid development of IoT-related technology accelerates the increase in network traffic volume. Hence, network traffic monitoring and analysis are more challenging than before in terms of possible malicious acts due to the immense traffic volume. Being a crucial measure to identify malicious network traffic that might enter a private network, an intrusion detection algorithm has always been an ongoing research topic, owing to its importance in cybersecurity. In this work, we aim to enhance cybersecurity in industrial IoT by performing intrusion detection on the generated network traffic. Therefore, we present a lightweight intrusion detection algorithm based on the Markov model, taking advantage of the source and destination payload lengths, and connection states defined in Zeek logs. We are able to detect intrusive network traffic with high accuracy, using the empirical probability law and Hellinger distance. The pattern similarities between the normal traffic and the cyberattack traffic are the key to our detection method. Lastly, the algorithm is evaluated with ToN_IoT public datasets, followed by an analysis of the experimental results © 2024 M Y U Scientific Publishing Division. All rights reserved.

关键词： Intrusion detection

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Robust Resource Sharing in Network Slicing via Hypothesis Testing

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年第3期22卷 2731-2746页

作者： Nikolaidis, Panagiotis Baras, John Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland at College Park Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College ParkMD20742 United States

In network slicing, the network operator needs to satisfy the service level agreements of multiple slices at the same time and on the same physical infrastructure. To do so with reduced provisioned resources, the operator may consider resource sharing mechanisms. However, each slice then becomes susceptible to traffic surges in other slices which degrades performance isolation. To maintain both high efficiency and high isolation, we propose the introduction of hypothesis testing in resource sharing. Our approach comprises two phases. In the trial phase, the operator obtains a stochastic model for each slice that describes its normal behavior, provisions resources and then signs the service level agreements. In the regular phase, whenever there is resource contention, hypothesis testing is conducted to check which slices follow their normal behavior. Slices that fail the test are excluded from resource sharing to protect the well-behaved ones. We test our approach on a mobile traffic dataset. Results show that our approach fortifies the service level agreements against unexpected traffic patterns and achieves high efficiency via resource sharing. Overall, our approach provides an appealing tradeoff between efficiency and isolation. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Resource management Quality of service Testing Service level agreements Network slicing Bandwidth Traffic control Costs Delays Anomaly detection

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FisPro Software System based Earthquake Forecasting

FisPro Software System based Earthquake Forecasting

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2024 International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Green and Sustainable Technologies, ICCIGST 2024

作者： Kumar, A Naresh Chitte, Anil Gururaj, Bharathi Ramesha, M. Kumar, K Naveen Allamraju, K Viswanath Institute of Aeromautical Engineering Department of EEE Hyderabad India Hyderabad India ACS College of Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bengaluru India Department of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering Bengaluru India Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology and Management Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Hyderabad India Institute of Aeromautical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381887

Forecasting of earthquake gives an initial warning for building stakeholders and lead to required decisions for structures retrofitting before earthquake occurs, the legislating urban provision of building execution specially in earthquake prone areas then critical situations management after that rescue and relief managing. Designing the earthquake predictor needs estimating event location, magnitude, depth and future time. This article intended to design a system for forecasting of earthquake magnitude and depth using fuzzy rule-based inference system (FRIS). The system having four stages: data acquisition stage, pre-processing stage, feature extracting stage and fuzzy inference stage. The significant affects in the specified area are input to the FRIS. It forecasts the earthquake magnitude, future time and depth at particular location with 98% accuracy. This benefit helps minimize damages and affect the human lives. The system is helpful in strengthening and supporting the preparedness and the emergency relief activities owing to earthquakes. Thus, based on FRIS study results, it could be noted that the earthquake magnitude is forecasted by suggested system within the specified region of given location will happen for the next month. Furthermore, discussion covers the reginal and the global seismic data employed, tools used, to forecast earthquake for various geographical area. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Data acquisition

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ISGP: Influence Maximization on Dynamic Social Networks Using Influence SubGraph Propagation 10

ISGP: Influence Maximization on Dynamic Social Networks Usin...

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10th IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics, DSAA 2023

作者： Wu, Wan-Jhen Li, Shiou-Chi Huang, Jen-Wei National Cheng Kung University Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan Taiwan National Cheng Kung University Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345032

Most previous research on influence maximization has focused on static social networks, despite the dynamic nature of networks in the real world. The computational cost imposed by recalculating results in response to dynamic changes precludes the use of conventional updating algorithms when dealing with large-scale networks. In this study, we developed a novel approach to estimating the influence of nodes through the creation of Influence SubGraphs. We also developed methods by which to update Influence SubGraphs to overcome the problem of influence maximization in dynamic social networks. Experiment results demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed scheme, in achieving influence propagation performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art methods with far lower memory requirements and far shorter execution times. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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Improving GNSS Reliability for Autonomous Vehicles by Detecting and Classifying Spoofing Attacks with Shallow Learning Models

Improving GNSS Reliability for Autonomous Vehicles by Detect...

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2024 International Telecommunications Conference, ITC-Egypt 2024

作者： Ezzelarab, Mohamed A. Abdelhalim, Eman Mohamed, Mohamed A. Abosekeen, Ashraf Mansoura University Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Mansoura Egypt Military Technical College Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cairo Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351408

Spoofing attacks on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) present significant threats to the security and reliability of autonomous vehicle systems, vital in civilian and military operations. Spoofing involves manipulating a vehicle's navigation system with false GNSS signals, potentially causing it to deviate from its path or crash. This study uses supervised Machine Learning (ML) models to detect GNSS spoofing attacks. These models were developed and tested using a dataset of authentic GNSS signals collected from diverse locations. Additionally, three types of GNSS spoofing attacks-simple, intermediate, and advanced-were simulated to mimic real-world scenarios using specialized equipment. The results of our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of supervised ML in detecting and mitigating GNSS spoofing attacks. Testing accuracy rates of approximately 99.2% and 99.1% were achieved for the Decision Tree (DT) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithms, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of our approach in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of GNSS-based location services for autonomous vehicles. This research offers valuable insights for improving GNSS implementations and lays the groundwork for future advancements in spoofing detection methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Decision Tree (DT) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Machine Learning (ML) Spoofing and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

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TOP-K RANKING OF DRUG-TARGET INTERACTIONS BASED ON TRANSFER LEARNING AND LISTWISE LOSS

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International Journal of electrical engineering 2022年第1期29卷 13-24页

作者： Thomas, Sagaya Louis Gracy Lin, Che Institute of Communication Engineering National Tsing Hua University Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering & Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan

Identifying drug-target interaction (DTI) is a crucial step in the drug discovery pro-cess. Several computational-based methods have been proposed to scale down the time and financial constraints imposed by the traditional methods. Although these approaches have employed various strategies to predict the interaction, they have limited the problem to a classification task that predicts the existence of interaction or a regression task that predicts the affinity of the DTI. In this study, we try to extend the regression task to a ranking task by utilizing transfer learning and listwise loss. Specifically, we utilized a model pre-trained for the regression task of DTI and used their weights for the following ranking of the top-k DTI via transfer learning. We borrowed the idea of Learn-ing-To-Rank in information retrieval and proposed a listwise ranking-based algorithm employed with the deep neural network model, which helps rank the top-k DTI. Our re-sults showed that we could improve the model’s Concordance Index from 77% to 82%, Spearman’s Correlation from 72% to 82%, and the top-10 overlap from 56% to 66% when compared to the baseline model. © 2022, Chinese institute of electrical engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Regression analysis

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Dual-Mode Resonant Sectorial Monopole Antenna with Stable Backfire Gain

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第6期33卷 1478-1486页

作者： Feiyan JI Heng ZHANG Xiuqiong XING Wenjun LU Lei ZHU Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Network & Communication Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau

A novel design approach to wideband, dual-mode resonant monopole antenna with stable, enhanced backfire gain is advanced. The sectorial monopole evolves from a linear, 0.75-wavelength electric prototype monopole under wideband dual-mode resonant operation. As theoretically predicted by the two resonant modes TE3/5,1and TE9/5,1within a 150° radiator, the operation principle is revealed at first. As have been numerically demonstrated and experimentally validated at 2.4-GHz band, the designed antenna exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth over 90.1%（i.e., 2.06–5.44 GHz）, in which the stable gain bandwidth in the backfire,-x-direction（θ = 90°, φ = 180°） with peak value of 3.2 dBi and fluctuation less than 3 dB is up to 45.3%（i.e., 3.74–5.44 GHz）. It is concluded that the stable wideband backfire gain frequency response should be owing to the high-order resonant mode in the unique sectorial monopole antennas.

关键词： Fluctuations Azimuth Prototypes Metals Resonance Frequency measurement Broadband antennas Impedance Gain Wideband

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Development of Energy Management System for Micro Grid Operation

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computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第6期45卷 2537-2551页

作者： S.Jayaprakash B.Gopi Murugananth Gopal Raj S.Sujith S.Deepa S.Swapna School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Muthayammal Engineering College(Autonomous)RasipuramTamil NaduIndia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ahalia School of Engineering and TechnologyKozhiparaPalakkadKeralaIndia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering NSS College of EngineeringPalakkadKeralaIndia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennaiTamil NaduIndia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering GRT Institute of Engineering and TechnologyTiruttaniThiruvallurTamil NaduIndia

The introduction of several small and large-scale industries,malls,shopping complexes,and domestic applications has significantly increased energy *** aim of the work is to simulate a technically viable and economically optimum hybrid power system for residential *** proposed micro-grid model includes four power generators:solar power,wind power,Electricity Board(EB)source,and a Diesel Generator(DG)set,with solar and wind power performing as major sources and the EB supply and DG set serving as backup *** core issue in direct current to alternate current conversion is harmonics distortion,a five-stage multilevel inverter is employed with the assistance of an intelligent control system is simulated and the optimum system configuration is estimated to reduce harmonics and improve the power *** monthly demand for residential buildings is 13-15 ***,almost 433 Kilo-Watts(KW)of electricity is required every day,and if it is used for 8 h per day,50-60 KW of electricity is needed per *** overall micro-grid model’s operation and performance are established using MATLAB/SIMULINK software,and simulation results are *** simulation results show that the developed system is both cost-effective and environment friendly resulting in yearly cost reductions.

关键词： Microgrid energy management system intelligent control system multilevel inverter power plants

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A finite HARQ-based non-orthogonal multiple access for reliable communications

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International Journal of Electronics Letters 2024年第2期12卷 178-192页

作者： Misra, A. Bala, I. Bepari, D. Mondal, S. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Gauhati University Assam Guwahati India School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Raipur India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology West Bengal Durgapur India

Reliability is one big concern for future communication networks such as 5G and beyond to support massive machine-type communications. These networks face reliability issues due to the frequent movement of users or/and a deep fading environment, particularly in urban areas. To overcome this bottleneck, a reliable communication protocol is proposed in this paper by incorporating the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) along with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes. The NOMA scheme helps in improving spectral efficiency and maintaining fairness among the users, while HARQ initiates a retransmission of the user signal in case of unsuccessful decoding of the received signal. Unlike existing work, the proposed scheme allows the base station (BS) to utilise the available resources most efficiently by initiating the retransmission of the signal of the user who failed to decode the received signals. A two-user scenario is considered in this framework and all the possible combinations of positive and negative acknowledgement feedback from users are analysed. Depending upon the feedback received from the receiver, BS exploits transmission mode diversity during signal retransmission. The extensive Monte Carlo simulations are executed to analyse the outage performance of the proposed communication system. To validate the efficacy of the proposed scheme, numerically simulated results are compared with the existing research works. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) outage probability reliability retransmission

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The Spectral vs. Energy Efficiency Trade-Off in Dynamic User Clustering Aided mmWave NOMA Networks

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IEEE Transactions on communications 2024年第6期73卷 4503-4519页

作者： Rai, Sudhakar Sharma, Ekant Jagannatham, Aditya K. Hanzo, Lajos Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur Department Of Electrical Engineering Kanpur208016 India Indian Institute Of Technology Roorkee Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering Uttarakhand Roorkee247667 India University Of Southampton School Of Electronics And Computer Science SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom

The spectral efficiency (SE) and global energy efficiency (GEE) trade-off encountered in the design of millimeter-wave (mmWave)-based massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks is investigated with a particular focus on user clustering. By exploiting the similarity among user channels a pair of spectral and energy-efficient user clustering algorithms are proposed for dynamically selecting both the number of clusters and the number of users in each cluster. Subsequently, a joint analog precoder/combiner and user clustering technique is developed, followed by a multi-objective optimization (MOO) framework for flexibly balancing the GEE and SE objectives in a mmWave NOMA network subject to specific constraints. The MOO objective is initially transformed to a weighted sum rate maximization problem, followed by a quadratic-transform (QT)-based approach conceived for maximizing the non-convex objective by approximating it as a concave-convex function. Our simulation results demonstrate that the user clustering techniques designed attain a 85% performance gain over random clustering technique and demonstrating the benefits of the algorithm designed for mmWave NOMA networks. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Spectrum efficiency

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