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3rd Workshop on Trustworthy Natural Language Processing, TrustNLP 2023, co-located with ACL 2023

作者： Aiyappa, Rachith An, Jisun Kwak, Haewoon Ahn, Yong-Yeol Center for Complex Networks & Systems Luddy School of Informatics Computing & Engineering United States Indiana University Network Science Institute Indiana University BloomingtonIN47408 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781959429869

ChatGPT, the first large language model with mass adoption, has demonstrated remarkable performance in numerous natural language tasks. Despite its evident usefulness, evaluating ChatGPT's performance in diverse problem domains remains challenging due to the closed nature of the model and its continuous updates via Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). We highlight the issue of data contamination in ChatGPT evaluations, with a case study in stance detection. We discuss the challenge of preventing data contamination and ensuring fair model evaluation in the age of closed and continuously trained models. © 2023 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Detecting Model Poisoning Attacks Via Dummy Symbol Insertion for Secure Over-the-Air Federated Learning 22

Detecting Model Poisoning Attacks Via Dummy Symbol Insertion...

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22nd IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2025

作者： Zhou, Hang Chiang, Yi-Han Chen, Caijuan Wang, Xiaoyan Ji, Yusheng National Institute of Informatics Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division Tokyo Japan Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering Osaka Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ibaraki University Hitachi Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508050

With the rapid advancement of intelligent IoT services, the need for high-quality and efficient wireless communication has become increasingly critical for information exchanges and collaborations among intelligent edge devices such as autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), robots in smart factories, and surveillance cameras, etc., Federated Learning (FL) is a promising distributed learning framework by exploring the computation capability on edge devices while protecting data privacy of users. On the other hand, Over-the-Air (OTA) computation techniques is a new paradigm of integrated computation and communication. OTA based FL (OTA-FL) can enhance spectrum efficiency by leveraging the superposition properties of wireless channels for model aggregations. The implementation of OTA-FL on edge devices can further protect user data privacy for clients, improve the throughput of inter-device communications, and enhance the distributed learning performance. However, despite these advantages, the convergence of OTA-FL systems remain vulnerable to model poisoning attacks, presenting significant challenges. In this study, we address these vulnerabilities by proposing a two-phase detection mechanism that secures OTA-FL system while preserving high spectral efficiency. Our simulation results demonstrate that under varying conditions, our approach can make distributed learning more secure and communication-efficient. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Secure communication

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Radar Probing Optimization for Joint Beamforming and UAV Trajectory Design in UAV-Enabled Integrated Sensing and Communication

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2024年第6期73卷 4469-4485页

作者： Liu, Yaxi Mao, Wencan He, Boxin Huangfu, Wei Huang, Tianyao Zhang, Haijun Long, Keping University Of Science And Technology Beijing Beijing Advanced Innovation Center For Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Engineering And Technology Research Center For Convergence Networks And Ubiquitous Services School Of Computer And Communication Engineering Beijing100083 China University Of Science And Technology Shunde Innovation School Beijing China National Institute Of Informatics Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division Tokyo101-8430 Japan

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is an emerging platform to perform communication and sensing efficiently and flexibly. However, the existing works barely consider the radar probing tasks and neglect the benefits of the dedicated sensing signal. In this paper, we focus on joint optimizations in radar probing tasks, and a novel indicator is introduced, namely radar probing error. Two optimizations in radar probing tasks are established: i) joint transmit beamforming design for large-scale regional radar probing and communication task;ii) joint transmit beamforming and UAV trajectory design for communication enhancement and radar probing task. For the former task, we adopt both communication and novel sensing precoders to further support the MIMO radar. A semidefinite relaxation is utilized to relax the original non-convex problem, which is proven to be tight. For the latter task, we adopt block coordinate descent to alternately optimize the precoders and UAV trajectory where the fractional programming approach and successive convex approximation are further adopted. Experiment results testify the validation of the proposed methods for radar probing tasks in UAV-enabled MIMO ISAC. Moreover, results show the fundamental trade-off between the dual functions and reveal the effectiveness of the introduced sensing precoder. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Rabbit: A Language to Model and Verify Data Flow in Networked systems

Rabbit: A Language to Model and Verify Data Flow in Networke...

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International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)

作者： Terunobu Inaba Yutaka Ishikawa Atsushi Igarashi Taro Sekiyama Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division National Institute of Informatics Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350364910

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364927

Threat modeling is an effective approach to fortifying security, where system designers model a target system and investigate potential security weaknesses during the design phase. To investigate security flaws in the system rigorously, the model has to be detailed to the extent that the flow of each asset is minutely tracked. For this purpose, we propose Rabbit, a language to model a networked system with the ability to describe data flows within the system. Rabbit also aims to formally verify security properties under the specified system model and attacker model. In this paper, we model a simple client-server system and demonstrate the possibility of automatic verification using Rabbit. In an experiment we conducted, we have found a non-trivial execution path that violates a desired security property, demonstrating the potential of automatic security verification using Rabbit.

关键词： Threat modeling Rabbits Analytical models Target tracking Computational modeling Surveillance Semantics Data models systems Modeling Language Security

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A Study of Weisfeiler-Leman Colorings on Planar Graphs 49

A Study of Weisfeiler-Leman Colorings on Planar Graphs

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49th EATCS International Conference on Automata, Languages, and Programming, ICALP 2022

作者： Kiefer, Sandra Neuen, Daniel Max Planck Institute for Software Systems Saarland Informatics Campus Saarbrücken Germany School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783959772358

The Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) algorithm is a combinatorial procedure that computes colorings on graphs, which can often be used to detect their (non-)isomorphism. Particularly the 1- and 2-dimensional versions 1-WL and 2-WL have received much attentionattention, due to their numerous links to other areas of computer science. Knowing the expressive power of a certain dimension of the algorithm usually amounts to understanding the computed colorings. An increase in the dimension leads to finer computed colorings and, thus, more graphs can be distinguished. For example, on the class of planar graphs, 3-WL solves the isomorphism problem. However, the expressive power of 2-WL on the class is poorly understood (and, in particular, it may even well be that it decides isomorphism). In this paper, we investigate the colorings computed by 2-WL on planar graphs. Towards this end, we analyze the graphs induced by edge color classes in the graph. Based on the obtained classification, we show that for every 3-connected planar graph, it holds that: a) after coloring all pairs with their 2-WL color, the graph has fixing number 1 with respect to 1-WL, or b) there is a 2-WL-definable matching that can be used to transform the graph into a smaller one, or c) 2-WL detects a connected subgraph that is essentially the graph of a Platonic or Archimedean solid, a prism, a cycle, or a bipartite graph K2,. In particular, the graphs from case (a) are identified by 2-WL. © Sandra Kiefer and Daniel Neuen;licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0

关键词： Graph theory

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A Framework for Carbon-aware Real-Time Workload Management in Clouds using Renewables-driven Cores

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hewage, Tharindu B. Ilager, Shashikant Rodriguez, Maria A. Buyya, Rajkumar Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia The Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Netherlands

Cloud platforms commonly exploit workload temporal flexibility to reduce their carbon emissions. They suspend/resume workload execution for when and where the energy is greenest. However, increasingly prevalent delay-intolerant realtime workloads challenge this approach. To this end, we present a framework to harvest green renewable energy for real-time workloads in cloud systems. We use Renewables-driven cores in servers to dynamically switch CPU cores between real-time and low-power profiles, matching renewable energy availability. We then develop a VM Execution Model to guarantee running VMs are allocated with cores in the real-time power profile. If such cores are insufficient, we conduct criticality-aware VM evictions as needed. Furthermore, we develop a VM Packing Algorithm to utilize available cores across the data center. We introduce the Green Cores concept in our algorithm to convert renewable energy usage into a server inventory attribute. Based on this, we jointly optimize for renewable energy utilization and reduction of VM eviction incidents. We implement a prototype of our framework in OpenStack as openstack-gc. Using an experimental openstack-gc cloud and a large-scale simulation testbed, we expose our framework to VMs running RTEval, a real-time evaluation program, and a 14-day Azure VM arrival trace. Our results show: i) a 6.52× reduction in coefficient of variation of real-time latency over an existing workload temporal flexibility-based solution, and ii) a joint 79.64% reduction in eviction incidents with a 34.83% increase in energy harvest over the state-of-the-art packing algorithms. We open source openstack-gc at https://***/tharindu-b-hewage/openstack-gc. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cloud platforms

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RMM: Reinforced Memory Management for Class-Incremental Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Yaoyao Schiele, Bernt Sun, Qianru Max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarland Informatics Campus Germany School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) [40] trains classifiers under a strict memory budget: in each incremental phase, learning is done for new data, most of which is abandoned to free space for the next phase. The preserved data are exemplars used for replaying. However, existing methods use a static and ad hoc strategy for memory allocation, which is often sub-optimal. In this work, we propose a dynamic memory management strategy that is optimized for the incremental phases and different object classes. We call our method reinforced memory management (RMM), leveraging reinforcement learning. RMM training is not naturally compatible with CIL as the past, and future data are strictly non-accessible during the incremental phases. We solve this by training the policy function of RMM on pseudo CIL tasks, e.g., the tasks built on the data of the 0-th phase, and then applying it to target tasks. RMM propagates two levels of actions: Level-1 determines how to split the memory between old and new classes, and Level-2 allocates memory for each specific class. In essence, it is an optimizable and general method for memory management that can be used in any replaying-based CIL method. For evaluation, we plug RMM into two top-performing baselines (LUCIR+AANets and POD+AANets [30]) and conduct experiments on three benchmarks (CIFAR-100, ImageNet-Subset, and ImageNet-Full). Our results show clear improvements, e.g., boosting POD+AANets by 3.6%, 4.4%, and 1.9% in the 25-Phase settings of the above benchmarks, respectively. The code is available at https://***/rmm/. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Unravelling the Impact of Random Dopant Fluctuations on Si-Based 3nm NSFET: A NEGF Analysis

Unravelling the Impact of Random Dopant Fluctuations on Si-B...

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IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology

作者： Ankit Dixit Ali Rezaei Nikolas Xeni Naveen Kumar Tapas Dutta Ismail Topaloglu Preslav Aleksandrov Asen Asenov Vihar Georgiev James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow Scotland UK Institute for Computing Systems Architecture University of Edinburgh Scotland UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350386240

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386257

The utilization of Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) tools for the simulation of both conventional and new electronic devices has become a crucial aspect within the semiconductor industry, as well as in academic research. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of our research investigating the impact of random dopant fluctuations on “3nm node” silicon nanosheet field effect transistors (NSFETs) fabricated. Our study employs NESS (Nano-Electronic Software Simulator), the in-house device simulator developed by the Device Modelling Group at the University of Glasgow. The first principle study was performed to calculate the electrical parameter of the material, and later a fully 3-D real Non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) simulation was performed to capture the device characteristics.

关键词： Performance evaluation Fluctuations Field effect transistors Software Silicon Nanoscale devices Semiconductor process modeling

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Sensing-Assisted Channel Estimation in ISAC systems 14th

Sensing-Assisted Channel Estimation in ISAC Systems

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14th EAI International Conference on Wireless and Satellite systems, WiSATS 2024

作者： Yin, Rui Shi, Yexin Qi, Wei Chen, Xianfu Wu, Celimuge Ji, Yusheng School of Information and Electrical Engineering Hangzhou City University Hangzhou310018 China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Shenzhen CyberAray Network Technology Company Ltd Shenzhen China Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo182-8585 Japan Information Systems Architecture Research Division National Institute of Informatics Tokyo101-8430 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031862021

In future Sixth-Generation (6G) mobile communication, satellite communication is a crucial means of extending mobile networks worldwide. However, in satellite communication systems, the transmission capacity between ground stations and users has become a bottleneck for satellite communication systems. For this issue, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI), which has been widely studied, has the potential to offer excellent solutions. This paper explores a Uformer-based sensing-assisted communication system that enhances channel estimation accuracy through the design of a Uformer-based channel estimation enhancement algorithm. By formulating a global optimization problem, we seek to improve resource efficiency through finding the optimal resource allocation schemes. Initially, the system utilizes radar data to obtain reconstructed channels and employs communication data for channel estimation. The proposed neural network model then fuses these data into a new and more accurate channel state information. Finally, we present a resource allocation algorithm and validate the performance of all proposed algorithms through simulations. © ICST institute for Computer Sciences, Social informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2025.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Designing low-diameter interconnection networks with multi-ported host-switch graphs

Designing low-diameter interconnection networks with multi-p...

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作者： Yasudo, Ryota Nakano, Koji Koibuchi, Michihiro Matsutani, Hiroki Amano, Hideharu Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division National Institute of Informatics Tokyo Japan Department of Information and Computer Science Keio University Yokohama Japan

A host-switch graph was originally proposed as a graph that represents a network topology of a computer systems with 1-port host computers and (Formula presented.) -port switches. It has been studied from both theoretical and practical aspects in terms of the diameter, the average shortest path length, and the performance of real applications. In recent high-performance computing systems, however, a host computer is connected to multiple switches by using InfiniBand, NVSwitch, or Omni-Path, and consequently they provide high bandwidths. Since a host-switch graph cannot represent such systems, this article extends a host-switch graph so that it can represent such systems. As a result, a host-switch graph can include multi-ported hosts. Furthermore, we propose to use multi-port hosts for reducing the diameter. We show that the diameter minimization is equivalent to solving the degree diameter problem for bipartite graphs of diameter three. Our experimental results show that we can drastically reduce the diameter as well as increasing the bandwidth and improves performance of MPI applications by up to 162% as compared with networks with single-ported hosts. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Graph theory

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