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Testing a quantum error-correcting code on various platforms

Science Bulletin 2021年第1期66卷 29-35,M0003页

作者： Qihao Guo Yuan-Yuan Zhao Markus Grassl Xinfang Nie Guo-Yong Xiang Tao Xing Zhang-Qi Yin Bei Zeng Institute for Quantum Computing Baidu ResearchBeijing 100193China Department of Applied Physics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518055China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light 91058 ErlangenGermany International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies 80-308 GdańskPoland Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements(MOE) School of PhysicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina.

Quantum error correction plays an important role in fault-tolerant quantum information *** is usually difficult to experimentally realize quantum error correction,as it requires multiple qubits and quantum gates with high *** we propose a simple quantum error-correcting code for the detected amplitude damping *** code requires only two *** implement the encoding,the channel,and the recovery on an optical platform,the IBM Q System,and a nuclear magnetic resonance *** all of these systems,the error correction advantage appears when the damping rate exceeds some *** compare the features of these quantum information processing systems used and demonstrate the advantage of quantum error correction on current quantum computing platforms.

关键词： Quantum error correction Quantum computation Superconducting circuit NMR system Optical platform

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A Robust Key Exchange and Tamper-Resistant Protocol for HAN and NAN Networks in Smart Grids

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Ayub, Muhammad Faizan Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Shamshad, Salman Das, Ashok Kumar Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu611731 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan The University of Lahore Department of Software Engineering Lahore54590 Pakistan International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Jinan250353 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security Jinan250353 China

Smart Grids (SG) rely on Home Area Networks (HAN) and Neighborhood Area Networks (NAN) to ensure efficient power distribution, real-time monitoring, and seamless communication between smart devices. Despite these advantages, the use of public communication channels in HAN and NAN networks introduces critical challenges, such as vulnerability to impersonation, physical tampering, and scalability issues in resource-constrained environments. These issues compromise the stability, reliability, and security of SG environments. Existing protocols often fail to adequately address these challenges, particularly in ensuring resistance to physical tampering of supply lines and impersonation attacks. Additionally, they struggle to minimize the computation, communication, and energy costs associated with securing a resource-constrained SG environment. Therefore, we propose a robust key exchange and tamper-resistant protocol for HAN and NAN networks to address these limitations. The proposed protocol leverages the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) mechanism to offer physical tampering resistance to smart meters. We validate our protocol formally using the Random or Real (RoR) model, which confirms its security robustness. Additionally, our informal security analysis highlights the protocol's resilience against impersonation, physical tampering attacks, etc. We analyze and compare the performance of the proposed protocol, which further demonstrates our protocol's effectiveness and security compared to competing protocols. Moreover, the proposed protocol achieves resource efficiency with 45.99% and 58.85% substantial reductions in computation overhead and energy overhead, respectively, compared to competing protocols. These results showcase the protocol's enhanced security and practicality for resource-constrained SG environments. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Provably Secure Efficient Key-Exchange Protocol for Intelligent Supply Line Surveillance in Smart Grids

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Ayub, Muhammad Faizan Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Alenazi, Mohammed J.F. Das, Ashok Kumar Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu12599 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan250353 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan 250353 China

Intelligent supply line surveillance is critical for modern smart grids. Smart sensors and gateway nodes are strategically deployed along supply lines to achieve intelligent surveillance. They collect data continuously and transmit it to the control centre in real-time. It enables real-time monitoring, fault detection, and efficient energy management across distribution networks. This advanced surveillance system ensures continuous monitoring of supply lines, detecting anomalies, and optimizing operations to maintain the stability and reliability of the smart grid. However, the reliance of all participating nodes on public communication channels to transmit supply line surveillance data exposes these systems to critical cyber attacks. These cyber attacks include impersonation, physical tampering, ephemeral secret leakage, and desynchronization attacks. To address these issues, existing key-exchange protocols often fail to ensure robust security while imposing high computation and communication overheads, limiting their practicality for resource-constrained environments. Therefore, we propose a secure and efficient key exchange and tamper-resistant authentication protocol using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). The PUF mechanism provides robust resistance against physical tampering and cloning attacks, ensuring enhanced physical security for supply line devices. We validate the security robustness of the devised protocol using the Random or Real (ROR) model. Furthermore, informal security analysis demonstrates the protocol's robustness in rigorously resisting various attacks, including physical tampering, impersonation, ephemeral secret leakage and desynchronization. Moreover, we determine the performance evaluation that reveals the protocol's superior efficiency compared to competing protocols, achieving significant reductions of 28.64% in computation overhead and 9.96% in communication overhead. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Distributed exact quantum algorithms for Bernstein-Vazirani and search problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhou, Xu Qiu, Daowen Luo, Le Institute of Quantum Computing and Computer Theory School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China The Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai519082 China QUDOOR Technologies Inc. Zhuhai519099 China

Distributed quantum computation has gained extensive attention since small-qubit quantum computers seem to be built more practically in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. In this paper, we give a distributed Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm (DBVA) with t computing nodes, and a distributed exact Grover’s algorithm (DEGA) that solve the search problem with only one target item in the unordered databases. Though the designing techniques are simple in the light of BV algorithm, Grover’s algorithm, the improved Grover’s algorithm by Long, and the distributed Grover’s algorithm by Qiu et al, in comparison to BV algorithm, the circuit depth of DBVA is not greater than 2max(n0,n1,··· ,nt−1) + 3 instead of 2n + 3, and the circuit depth of DEGA is 8(n mod 2) + 9, which is less than the circuit depth of Grover’s algorithm, (formula presented). In particular, we provide situations of our DBVA and DEGA on MindQuantum (a quantum software) to validate the correctness and practicability of our methods. By simulating the algorithms running in the depolarized channel, it further illustrates that distributed quantum algorithm has superiority of resisting noise. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum theory

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Efficient Experimental Verification of Quantum Gates with Local Operations

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第2期128卷 020502-020502页

作者： Rui-Qi Zhang Zhibo Hou Jun-Feng Tang Jiangwei Shang Huangjun Zhu Guo-Yong Xiang Chuan-Feng Li Guang-Can Guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 People’s Republic of China CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement of Ministry of Education School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

Verifying the correct functioning of quantum gates is a crucial step toward reliable quantum information processing, but it becomes an overwhelming challenge as the system size grows due to the dimensionality curse. Recent theoretical breakthroughs show that it is possible to verify various important quantum gates with the optimal sample complexity of O(1/ε) using local operations only, where ε is the estimation precision. In this Letter, we propose a variant of quantum gate verification (QGV) that is robust to practical gate imperfections and experimentally realize efficient QGV on a 2-qubit controlled-not gate and a 3-qubit Toffoli gate using only local state preparations and measurements. The experimental results show that, by using only 1600 and 2600 measurements on average, we can verify with 95% confidence level that the implemented controlled-not gate and Toffoli gate have fidelities of at least 99% and 97%, respectively. Demonstrating the superior low sample complexity and experimental feasibility of QGV, our work promises a solution to the dimensionality curse in verifying large quantum devices in the quantum era.

关键词： Optical quantum information processing Quantum gates Quantum tomography

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Multinode quantum spin liquids in extended Kitaev honeycomb models: the view from variational Monte Carlo

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Jiucai Normand, B. Liu, Zheng-Xin Department of Physics HKU-UCAS Joint Institute for Theoretical and Computational Physics The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong HK Institute of Quantum Science & Technology The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong PSI Center for Scientific Computing Theory and Data Villigen-PSI CH-5232 Switzerland LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland School of Physics Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices Renmin University of China Beijing100872 China Renmin University of China Beijing100872 China

We discuss the discovery by variational Monte Carlo (VMC) methods of a series of multinode quantum spin liquids (QSLs) in extended Kitaev models on the honeycomb lattice. Like the gapless Kitaev spin liquid with its two nodes at K and K′, these multinode QSLs are characterized by an emergent Z2 gauge structure and a discrete number of symmetry-protected Majorana cones in their low-energy excitation spectrum. Because the cones are gapped by weak magnetic fields, nonzero Chern numbers are obtained and the ground state becomes one of many possible Abelian or non-Abelian chiral spin liquids. Here we focus on the projective symmetry group (PSG)-guided VMC approach to the Kitaev model with various symmetry-allowed extended interactions. Based on the VMC phase diagrams of these models, we propose a framework for the classification of nodal QSLs that includes the PSG, the chiralities of the cones, and the way in which the cones are symmetry-related. At present, the known candidate Kitaev materials seem to lie outside the parameter regimes of the multinode QSL phases. However, with more than 100 Z2 PSGs for spin-orbit-coupled states on the honeycomb lattice, we anticipate that more than one multinode QSL will be realized experimentally in future work. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ground state

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Security boundaries of an optical-power limiter for protecting quantum-key-distribution systems

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第1期21卷 014026-014026页

作者： Qingquan Peng Binwu Gao Konstantin Zaitsev Dongyang Wang Jiangfang Ding Yingwen Liu Qin Liao Ying Guo Anqi Huang Junjie Wu Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China School of Automation Central South University Changsha 410083 China China Greatwall Research Institute China Greatwall Technology Group Co. Ltd. Shenzhen 518057 China Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow 121205 Russia NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow 119049 Russia Vigo Quantum Communication Center University of Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain Escuela de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación Department of Signal Theory and Communications University of Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain atlanTTic Research Center University of Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

Unauthorized light injection has always been a vital threat to the practical security of a quantum-key-distribution (QKD) system. An optical-power limiter (OPL) based on the thermo-optical defocusing effect has been proposed and implemented, limiting the injected hacking light. As a hardware countermeasure, the performance of the OPL under various light-injection attacks will be tested to clarify the security boundary before it is widely deployed. To investigate the security boundary of the OPL in quantum cryptography, we comprehensively test and analyze the behavior of the OPL under continuous-wave (cw) light-injection attacks and pulse-illumination attacks with pulse repetition rates of 0.5 Hz, 40 MHz, and 1 GHz. The test results illuminate the security boundary of the OPL, which allows one to properly employ the OPL in use cases. The methodology of testing and analysis proposed here is applicable to other power-limitation components in a QKD system.

关键词： Optical quantum information processing Photonics Quantum communication Quantum cryptography Devices

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Probing gluon distributions with D0 production at the EicC

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Physical Review D 2024年第3期109卷 034021-034021页

作者： Daniele Paolo Anderle Aiqiang Guo Felix Hekhorn Yutie Liang Yuming Ma Lei Xia Hongxi Xing Yuxiang Zhao Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (MOE) Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu Province 730000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Tif Lab Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano and INFN Sezione di Milano Via Celoria 16 I-20133 Milano Italy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT) Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Huizhou Guangdong Province 516000 China Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China

The Electron-Ion Collider in China (EicC) has been proposed to study the inner structure of matter and fundamental laws of strong interactions. In this paper, we will present a conceptual design of the tracking system based on the state-of-art silicon detector and micropattern gaseous detector at the EicC and demonstrate that it will enable us to reconstruct charm hadron with good significance, hence study gluonic parton distribution functions in nucleons and nuclei, as well as gluon helicity distributions. The impact study using reweighting techniques shows that the impact of the EicC will be mainly in the large x region. It complements similar physics programs at the Electron-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National laboratory.

关键词： Inelastic scattering reactions Nuclear spin & parity Nuclear structure & decays Particle interactions

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Experimental realization of a topologically protected Hadamard gate via braiding Fibonacci anyons

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fan, Yu-Ang Li, Yingcheng Hu, Yuting Li, Yishan Long, Xinyue Liu, Hongfeng Yang, Xiaodong Nie, Xinfang Li, Jun Xin, Tao Lu, Dawei Wan, Yidun Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of Physics Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute Shanghai200030 China School of Physics Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou311121 China

Topological quantum computation (TQC) is one of the most striking architectures that can realize fault-tolerant quantum computers. In TQC, the logical space and the quantum gates are topologically protected, i.e., robust against local disturbances. The topological protection, however, requires rather complicated lattice models and hard-to-manipulate dynamics;even the simplest system that can realize universal TQC–the Fibonacci anyon system–lacks a physical realization, let alone braiding the non-Abelian anyons. Here, we propose a disk model that can realize the Fibonacci anyon system, and construct the topologically protected logical spaces with the Fibonacci anyons. Via braiding the Fibonacci anyons, we can implement universal quantum gates on the logical space. Our proposal is platform-independent. As a demonstration, we implement a topological Hadamard gate on a logical qubit through a sequence of 15 braiding operations of three Fibonacci anyons with merely 2 nuclear spin qubits. The gate fidelity reaches 97.18% by randomized benchmarking. We further prove by experiment that the logical space and Hadamard gate are topologically protected: local disturbances due to thermal fluctuations result in a global phase only. Our work is a proof of principle of TQC and paves the way towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Topology

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Observation of a Superradiant Phase Transition with Emergent Cat States

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第11期131卷 113601-113601页

作者： Ri-Hua Zheng Wen Ning Ye-Hong Chen Jia-Hao Lü Li-Tuo Shen Kai Xu Yu-Ran Zhang Da Xu Hekang Li Yan Xia Fan Wu Zhen-Biao Yang Adam Miranowicz Neill Lambert Dongning Zheng Heng Fan Franco Nori Shi-Biao Zheng Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan Quantum Information Physics Theory Research Team RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC) Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device School of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information Faculty of Physics Adam Mickiewicz University 61-614 Poznań Poland Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA

Superradiant phase transitions (SPTs) are important for understanding light-matter interactions at the quantum level, and play a central role in criticality-enhanced quantum sensing. So far, SPTs have been observed in driven-dissipative systems, but the emergent light fields did not show any nonclassical characteristic due to the presence of strong dissipation. Here we report an experimental demonstration of the SPT featuring the emergence of a highly nonclassical photonic field, realized with a resonator coupled to a superconducting qubit, implementing the quantum Rabi model. We fully characterize the light-matter state by Wigner matrix tomography. The measured matrix elements exhibit quantum interference intrinsic of a photonic mesoscopic superposition, and reveal light-matter entanglement.

关键词： Quantum entanglement Quantum foundations Quantum phase transitions Superradiance & subradiance

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