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15th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in manufacturing engineering, ICME 2021

作者： Jaensch, Florian Kübler, Karl Schwarz, Elmar Verl, Alexander Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Seidentraße 36 StuttgartD-70174 Germany

Reinforcement Learning algorithms find more and more application in fields where complex tasks need to be solved. The automation of production systems is one of those fields. Normally, programming a control system defines the automation strategy. Previous contributions by the authors have shown that a so-called agent can learn automation strategies for production systems using a Reinforcement Learning setup. However, the development of the reward function for the agent can be challenging and needs Reinforcement Learning domain knowledge. This paper introduces a novel approach in combining Test-Driven Development with Reinforcement Learning in order to solve the problem of a suitable reward function. In the presented approach predefined test cases are used to derive rewards for the agent. The use of an automated test framework allows for continuous learning sequences until all test cases are passed. An application example of a robot cell is used to demonstrate the novel approach and verify its suitability and usability. The first application shows promising results for further examination towards more application scenarios. © 2022 The Author(s).

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Adaptive CAM planning to support co-design in the building industry 32

Adaptive CAM planning to support co-design in the building i...

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32nd CIRP Design Conference, CIRP Design 2022

作者： Reichle, Alexander Ellwein, Carsten Verl, Alexander Institute For Control Engineering Of Machine Tools And Manufacturing Units University Of Stuttgart Seidenstr. 36 StuttgartD-70174 Germany

Co-design describes a collaborative design process between different stakeholders. These stakeholders usually come from various domains. To enable co-design, data has to be exchanged between the stakeholders. Current approaches to data management in the building industry are usually oriented along the process chain and therefore only allow a unidirectional flow of information. This is an obstacle in the implementation of co-design within the building industry. As more and more buildings are built by utilizing prefabricated modules to accelerate the on-site building process and to reduce the cost, a major effort in terms of implementing co-design is to link the design information of the building industry with the production information of the manufacturing industry. The problem occurs as the building industry mainly uses the fndustry Foundation Classes and the manufacturing industry uses the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data as a data format to exchange information. This leads to a break in the flow of information. Furthermore, information about the manufacturability of products, that is generated during the computer-aided manufacturing process, cannot be easily returned to the architect who can utilize the information to adapt the design in the computer-aided design process. This paper addresses these problems by defining a data processing pipeline that enables the conversion of the geometric design information stored in IFC into the STEP data format. From there, the CAM strategy can be defined and results in an executable G-Code. The information of the CAM planning is returned to the architect, who can adapt the design by interpreting the results of the CAM processing. To close the co-design loop, the G-Code for the design adaptions can be generated automatically by reusing the predefined CAM strategy. © 2022 The Authors.

关键词： Computer aided manufacturing

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Ambiguity Tolerant Commissioning Ontology: From an upper ontology to a domain specific implementation 15

Ambiguity Tolerant Commissioning Ontology: From an upper ont...

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15th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in manufacturing engineering, ICME 2021

作者： Ellwein, Carsten Hekeler, Marc Riedel, Oliver Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Seidenstr. 36 StuttgartD-70174 Germany

There are no standardized interfaces or descriptions for the outsourcing of production orders, e.g. through cloud manufacturing. For this reason, an upper ontology was developed in a preliminary work;associated models describe the entire process and parameters from the request for quotation over its return to the conclusion of the contract. Products can either be described by their final state or by the initial product in conjunction with the applied processes. In this paper, the process from this upper ontology to a concrete implementation is further elaborated and a middleware is introduced which offers a machine-readable interface to edit the ontology as well as various validation options are addressed. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ontology

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Introduction of an industrial transfer learning use case systematization for machine tools 56

Introduction of an industrial transfer learning use case sys...

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56th CIRP International Conference on manufacturing Systems, CIRP CMS 2023

作者： Netzer, Markus Michelberger, Jonas Puchta, Alexander Verl, Alexander Fleischer, Jürgen wbk Institute of Production Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Kaiserstraße 12 Karlsruhe76131 Germany ISW Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units Keplerstraße 7 Stuttgart70174 Germany

Traditional intelligent systems such as fault detection are mainly developed for isolated use on single machines and are mostly trained individually. A cross-machine knowledge transfer of intelligent systems holds an immense potential and can reduce implementation effort of intelligent systems. To enable a structured analysis of real-world transfer problems, an industry-relevant, far-reaching systematization of typical machine tool use cases is developed. This provides the overview over different typical use case classes from the industrial use case perspective. Based on the derived transfer criteria of each use case class, a conceptual approach of concrete transfer methods is proposed. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 56th CIRP International Conference on manufacturing Systems 2023.

关键词： industrial transfer learning knowledge transfer machine tools Transfer learning transfer learning systemization

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Towards an Implementation of Simulation Based Digital Twins in Cyber-Physical Production Systems Environments

Towards an Implementation of Simulation Based Digital Twins ...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Shan Fur Samed Ajdinović Armin Lechler Alexander Verl Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Germany

The increasing digitization of the manufacturing industry offers a wide range of opportunities for the effective use of production data, which can lead to significant time and cost savings. One promising approach is the use of synchronous simulations during the actual operation of cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) to provide valuable insights into possible performance improvements and at the same time reduce the risk of costly downtime. This paper presents a novel concept that enables structured storage of CPPS production data as part of a digital twin that serves as a virtual replica of the physical production environment. In particular, this approach is based on the Asset Administration Shell (AAS), which provides a comprehensive framework for the management of production data and allows for a seamless integration with simulation models. Storing production data in a structured and standardized format can make data queries efficient, facilitate data processing, and provide a solid foundation for simulation model development, calibration, and validation. These simulation models can then be used to identify potential process improvements and test different scenarios, minimizing the risk of disruption to actual production.

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Offline and Online Energy Simulation using Virtual Commissioning Models with Extended Dynamical Behavior

Offline and Online Energy Simulation using Virtual Commissio...

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2025 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration, SII 2025

作者： Deubert, Darius Pfeifer, Denis Scheifele, Christian Fehr, Jorg Verl, Alexander Bosch Rexroth AG Lohr am Main97816 Germany Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70174 Germany ISG Industrielle Steuerungstechnik GmbH Stuttgart70563 Germany Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70174 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531614

Considering energy consumption and dynamical behavior within the simulation of manufacturing systems emerges as an important objective for their development, commissioning, and operation. Currently, these aspects are often neglected in many fields including virtual commissioning. This work presents an approach to extend highly detailed virtual commissioning models of components from industrial automation by dynamics models for the calculation of energy consumption in an offline simulation and for reuse in an online simulation. To validate the presented approach, an exemplary offline virtual commissioning simulation of a pick-and-place robot application is implemented and subsequently transferred to an online simulation. The validation shows a good accuracy of the simulated energy consumption, enabling virtual commissioning engineers to analyze and optimize energy consumption already in the design phase of manufacturing systems. Additionally, the dynamical behavior was well reflected in the online simulation, contributing to the capability of simulation in the operation phase. © 2025 IEEE.

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Software-defined manufacturing: Data Representation

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 118卷 360-365页

作者： Carsten Ellwein Rebekka Neumann Alexander Verl Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Seidenstraße 36 70174 Stuttgart Germany

Due to constantly decreasing product cycles, a fast adaptability of manufacturing plants is a prerequisite for profitable operation. The paradigm of Software-defined manufacturing (SDM) pursues this overriding goal by decoupling software from mechanical and electrical components. In this way, SDM allows the free definition of functionality, purely through software, limited only by the physical limitations of the machines and systems. This paper analyzes existing approaches that pursue the goal of digitally representing manufacturing to enable flexible adaptation. Based on this analysis, a model for the data representation is proposed that allows consistent use across the entire supply chain.

关键词： Software defined manufacturing Data representation manufacturing ontology

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Analysis and comparison of optimization techniques supporting the engineering planning of reconfigurable robot cells 56

Analysis and comparison of optimization techniques supportin...

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56th CIRP International Conference on manufacturing Systems, CIRP CMS 2023

作者： Ungen, Marc Kampert, David Riedel, Oliver Robert Bosch Gmbh Robert-Bosch-Campus 1 Renningen71272 Germany Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Seidenstr.36 Stuttgart70174 Germany

The present paper studies the automated optimization of reconfigurable robot cells to support engineering planning activities. The specific type of reconfigurable robot cells under investigation allows an arbitrary arrangement of functional machine modules on a base plane accessible to the robotic manipulators. The research is motivated by the fast-growing configuration space of reconfigurable robot cells which results from the configurability of the cell layout and the performed workflows. Searching for optimized configurations within this configuration space is an iterative procedure which currently requires lots of manual efforts and expert assessment skills for each iteration. Performing many optimization iterations requires much time, which typically results in only a few performable iterations and thus in suboptimal configurations. To compensate for this, automated support for the underlying planning problem is required. The specific planning problem under investigation concerns finding motion-time optimized layout configurations for fixed workflows. This planning problem was chosen because of its strong association with the productivity of robot cells and the fact that it is the basis for further considerations on the influences of performed workflows. The main contribution of the research is a guideline concerning the decomposition of the mentioned optimization problem. This decomposition concerns the specific formulation of the optimization problem as well as its solving principle. The approach of the paper is to compare combinations of single- and multi-objective problem formulations as well as single- and multi-step solving procedures. Respective variants of evolutionary and conventional algorithms are tested for solving the optimization problems. The experiments are conducted using a specifically developed simulation and optimization framework which supports layout reconfiguration, robot path planning, and time parametrization based on state-of-the-art m

关键词： Adaptability engineering planning Optimization Reconfigurable manufacturing systems Reconfigurable robot cells

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An engineering methodology to assess the economic viability of edge-cloud automation systems in manufacturing 56

An engineering methodology to assess the economic viability ...

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56th CIRP International Conference on manufacturing Systems, CIRP CMS 2023

作者： Giani, Marco Frank, Nelly Wiener, Patrick Verl, Alexander Robert Bosch GmbH Robert-Bosch-Campus 1 Renningen71272 Germany Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Seidenstr. 36 Stuttgart70174 Germany

The migration of industrial automation systems (IASs) to an edge-cloud hosted on factory premises can reduce the operation costs of a manufacturing line and increase its flexibility thanks to computation scalability and use of cloud-native operation concepts. However, the unclear assessment of costs of an edge-cloud automation system (ECAS) is a significant concern for manufacturing experts, which disincentives its adoption. An ECAS is expected to generate different costs than a traditional IAS, which depends on the requirements of the automation functions hosted in the edge-cloud. Because of this, methods to evaluate various realization concepts of an ECAS concerning their economic viability are required to support its engineering. In this paper, we provide a methodology that helps practitioners to define design specifications for an ECAS and assess their life-cycle costs (LCCs). To provide a robust and transparent LCCs assessment, we leverage the Monte Carlo method, which is a well-affirmed technique to address costs uncertainties. To do so, a cost model has been developed and implemented in a discrete-event simulator to calculate upfront and running costs of an ECAS. The application of the methodology is shown through an exemplar case study and its results are discussed. The presented work helps practitioners to evaluate whether an ECAS is economically viable for a manufacturing scenario, thus increasing the acceptance for this technology and fostering the transition towards flexible and smart manufacturing systems. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 56th CIRP International Conference on manufacturing Systems 2023.

关键词： edge-cloud automation Edge-cloud computing engineering methods life-cycle costs

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Decentralized Motion control for a Novel Planar Motor Intralogistics System 32

Decentralized Motion Control for a Novel Planar Motor Intral...

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32nd IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, ISIE 2023

作者： Steinle, Lukas Helfesrieder, Nico Lechler, Armin Verl, Alexander Montazeri, Ali Wang, Jinfan University of Stuttgart Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units Stuttgart Germany FL Technology GmbH Griesheim Germany Southern University of Science and Technology FL Technology GmbH Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350399714

Modern production environments place high demands on the logistics systems that are used. High flexibility and high throughput are expected, combined with high availability and efficient operation. To meet these requirements, this paper presents a novel intralogistics system based on the functionality of a planar motor. Following the operating principle of a moving stator, the vehicles are entirely passive and the hardware for the generation of motion is integrated into the floor. This is achieved in the form of compact, decentrally interconnected floor units, several of which are simultaneously involved in a motion. In order to control this system with satisfactory reliability and performance, the theoretical foundations for a proper understanding of the system are examined before a system model is derived and parameterized through measurements. On this basis a specifically designed motion control system is developed, that features precise planar movement, decentralized computation and compensation of position dependent characteristics. Thereafter, a method for model-based parameterization is outlined, that takes into account robustness against disturbances and parameter variations. Finally, the developed approach is implemented on the actual hardware and validated in experimental investigations in terms of path accuracy. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Floors

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