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15th International Workshop on Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation, WIVACE 2021

作者： Füchslin, Rudolf Marcel Ambühl, Jacques Faggian, Alessia Fellermann, Harold M. Flumini, Dandolo Geller, Armando Hanczyc, Martin M. Klinkert, Andreas Krütli, Pius Matuttis, Hans-Georg Ott, Thomas Scheidegger, Stephan Schmid, Gary Bruno Smieszek, Timo Schneider, Johannes J. Steiner, Albert Weyland, Mathias S. Institute of Applied Mathematics and Physics Zurich University of Applied Sciences Zurich Technikumstrasse 9 Winterthur8400 Switzerland European Centre for Living Technology Ca’ Bottacin Dorsoduro 3911 Calle Crosera Venice30123 Italy World Bank Group Geneva Switzerland University of Trento Trento38123 Italy School of Computing Newcastle University Science Square 1 Newcastle Upon TyneNE4 5TG United Kingdom GmbH Fraumünsterstrasse 11 Zurich8001 Switzerland Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences Rosenstrasse 3 Winterthur8400 Switzerland Transdisciplinarity Lab ETH Zurich Zurich8092 Switzerland Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems The University of Electrocommunications Tokyo182-8585 Japan Institute of Computational Life Sciences Zurich University of Applied Sciences Schloss 1 Wädenswil8820 Switzerland Swiss NeuroCreations GmbH Hambergersteig 25 Zurich8008 Switzerland Muesmattweg 70 Allschwil4123 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031239281

The development of data science, the increase of computational power, the availability of the internet infrastructure for data exchange and the urgency for an understanding of complex systems require a responsible and ethical use of computational models in science, communication and decision-making. Starting with a discussion of the width of different purposes of computational models, we first investigate the process of model construction as an interplay of theory and experimentation. We emphasise the different aspects of the tension between model variables and experimentally measurable observables. The resolution of this tension is a prerequisite for the responsible use of models and an instrumental part of using models in the scientific processes. We then discuss the impact of models and the responsibility that results from the fact that models support and may also guide experimentation. Further, we investigate the difference between computational modelling in an interdisciplinary science project and computational models as tools in transdisciplinary decision support. We regard the communication of model structures and modelling results as essential;however, this communication cannot happen in a technical manner, but model structures and modelling results must be translated into a "narrative." We discuss the role of concepts from disciplines such as literary theory, communication science, and cultural studies and the potential gains that a broader approach can obtain. Considering concepts from the liberal arts, we conclude that there is, besides the responsibility of the model author, also a responsibility of the user/reader of the modelling results. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Decision making

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Low velocity streaks combined with intrinsic flame instabilities provoke boundary layer flashback in a turbulent premixed jet-stabilized hydrogen flame

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Combustion and Flame 2025年 278卷

作者： P. Porath L.A. Altenburg S.A. Klein M.J. Tummers A. Ghani Data Analysis and Modeling of Turbulent Flows Technische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Straße 15 10623 Berlin Germany Department of Process and Energy Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands Institute for Reactive Flows Leibniz University Hannover An der Universität 1 30823 Garbsen Germany

We report on boundary layer flashback of a turbulent premixed, pure hydrogen flame using well-resolved LES. This numerical work is based on flashback experiments of the TU Delft (TUD) jet flame at a jet Reynolds number of R e = 11000 . Flashback is a highly sensitive process, which is why (i) the turbulent inflow conditions, (ii) chemistry modeling and (iii) the wall temperatures of the mixing tube are crucial parameters to predict accurately this transient process. The presence of thermo-diffusive flame instabilities is the main contributor for flashback in this setup. We identify quasi-coherent turbulent structures in the mixing tube, namely an ejection event, which transports slow, preheated and hydrogen-enriched fluid away from the wall and triggers the flashback event. As a result, the flame forms a convex cusp upstream of the tube exit pointing towards the unburnt gas mixture. During the transition from unconfined (no walls around the flame) to confined (flame surrounded by walls) boundary-layer flashback, this cusp further bends and propagates towards the jet exit center, while, at the same time, its curvature and the reaction rate of hydrogen significantly increase by a factor of two. We repeated the flashback simulations several times and also for various flow conditions: all cases feature the same FB characteristics and, hence, confirms the generality of the conclusions. Moreover, the numerical flashback mechanism confirms the process hypothesized by the experiments. Based on the identified governing key parameters that affect flame flashback, we performed parametric variations of the Lewis number and wall temperature. By varying the Lewis number, we can clearly state that the flashback is driven by thermo-diffusive instabilities, while a hotter wall significantly deteriorates the flashback behavior of this setup. Novelty and significance statement Hydrogen combustion plays a crucial role in various energy applications due to no CO 2 emissions. However, le

关键词： Hydrogen flame Boundary layer flashback Turbulent premixed combustion

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Ultrathin Covalent Organic Framework Anchored on Graphene for Enhanced Organic Pollutant Removal

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第35期134卷

作者： Dr. Changxia Li Patrick Guggenberger Dr. Seung Won Han Dr. Wei-Lu Ding Prof. Dr. Freddy Kleitz Department of Inorganic Chemistry—Functional Materials Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 1090 Vienna Austria Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Investigation (lead) Methodology (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 South Korea Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Resources (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Methodology (supporting) Resources (supporting) Validation (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Formal analysis (supporting) Funding acquisition (lead) Methodology (supporting) Project administration (lead) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead) Validation (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are of great potential as adsorbents owing to their tailorable functionalities, low density and high porosity. However, their intrinsically stacked two-dimensional (2D) structure limits the full use of their complete surface for sorption, especially the internal pores. The construction of ultrathin COFs could increase the exposure of active sites to the targeted molecules in a pollutant environment. Herein, an ultrathin COF with a uniform thickness of ca. 2 nm is prepared employing graphene as the surface template. The resulting hybrid aerogel with an ultralow density (7.1 mg cm −3 ) exhibits the ability to remove organic dye molecules of different sizes with high efficiency. The three-dimensional (3D) macroporous structure and well-exposed adsorption sites permit rapid diffusion of solution and efficient adsorption of organic pollutants, thereby, greatly contributing to its enhanced uptake capacity. This work highlights the effect of COF layer thickness on adsorption performance.

关键词： Aerogel Covalent Organic Frameworks Graphene Organic Pollutants Ultrathin Materials

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The 2023 report of the synergetic roadmap on carbon neutrality and clean air for China: Carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, greening, and growth

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2025年第1期23卷 1-18页

作者： Jicheng Gong Zhicong Yin Yu Lei Xi Lu Qiang Zhang Cilan Cai Qimin Chai Huopo Chen Renjie Chen Wenhui Chen Jing Cheng Xiyuan Chi Hancheng Dai Zhanfeng Dong Guannan Geng Jianlin Hu Shan Hu Cunrui Huang Tiantian Li Wei Li Xiaomei Li Yongsheng Lin Jun Liu Jinghui Ma Yue Qin Weiqi Tang Dan Tong Jiaxing Wang Lijuan Wang Qian Wang Xuhui Wang Xuying Wang Libo Wu Rui Wu Qingyang Xiao Yang Xie Xiaolong Xu Tao Xue Haipeng Yu Da Zhang Li Zhang Ning Zhang Shaohui Zhang Shaojun Zhang Xian Zhang Zengkai Zhang Hongyan Zhao Bo Zheng Yixuan Zheng Tong Zhu Huijun Wang Jinnan Wang Kebin He State Key Joint Laboratory for Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100041China Center for Carbon Neutrality Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100041China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International CooperationBeijing100035China Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China School of Public Health Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan UniversityShanghai200032China School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China Department of Earth System Science University of CaliforniaIrvineIrvineCA92697USA National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Institute of Eco-Environmental Management and Policy Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100041China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Contr

The response to climate change and air pollution control demonstrates strong synergy across scientific mechanisms,targets,strategies,and governance *** report,based on a monitoring indicator system for coordinated governance of air pollution and climate change,employs an interdisciplinary approach combining natural and social *** establishes 20 indicators across five key areas:air pollution and climate change,governance systems and practices,structural transformation and technologies,atmospheric components and emission reduction pathways,and health impacts and *** report tries to provide actionable insights into the interconnectedness of air pollution and climate *** highlights key policy gaps,presents updated indicators,and offers a refined monitoring framework to track progress toward China's dual goals of reducing emissions and improving air *** to previous editions,this year's report has updated four key indicators:meteorological impacts on air quality,climate change and its effects,governance policies,and low-carbon building energy *** aim is to further refine the monitoring framework,track progress,and establish a comprehensive theory for collaborative governance while identifying challenges and proposing solutions for China's pathway to carbon neutrality and clean *** report comprises six *** executive summary chapter is followed by analyzing air pollution and climate change *** systems and practices are discussed in the third chapter,focusing on policy implementation and local *** fourth chapter addresses structural transformations and emission reduction technologies,including energy and industrial shifts,transportation,low-carbon buildings,carbon capture and storage,and power *** fifth chapter outlines atmospheric component dynamics and emission pathways,presenting insights into emission drivers and future *** sixth chapter assesses he

关键词： Synergetic roadmap Carbon neutrality Clean air

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Universal Sub-Nanoreactor Strategy for Synthesis of Yolk-Shell MoS2Supported Single Atom Electrocatalysts toward Robust Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第40期135卷

作者： Feilong Gong Yuheng Liu Yang Zhao Prof. Wei Liu Prof. Guang Zeng Prof. Guoqing Wang Prof. Yonghui Zhang Lihua Gong Prof. Jian Liu Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science and Technology of Henan Province College of Material and Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Formal analysis (equal) Funding acquisition (lead) Investigation (lead) Visualization (equal) Writing - original draft (lead) Contribution: Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (equal) Investigation (equal) Validation (equal) Visualization (equal) State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 P. R. China Contribution: Data curation (equal) Formal analysis (equal) Resources (equal) Validation (equal) Visualization (equal) Contribution: Data curation (equal) Formal analysis (equal) Investigation (equal) Contribution: Data curation (equal) Methodology (equal) Software (equal) Validation (equal) Contribution: Formal analysis (equal) Software (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (equal) Formal analysis (lead) Software (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal) DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials Department of Chemical and Process Engineering and Advanced Technology Institute of University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010021 P. R. China Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Formal analysis (equal) Funding acquisition (equal) Project administration (lead) Supervision (lead) Writing - review & editing (lead)

The coordination structure determines the electrocatalytic performances of single atom catalysts (SACs), while it remains a challenge to precisely regulate their spatial location and coordination environment. Herein, we report a universal sub-nanoreactor strategy for synthesis of yolk-shell MoS 2 supported single atom electrocatalysts with dual-anchored microenvironment of vacancy-enriched MoS 2 and intercalation carbon toward robust hydrogen-evolution reaction. Theoretical calculations reveal that the “E-Lock” and “E-Channel” are conducive to stabilize and activate metal single atoms. A group of SACs is subsequently produced with the assistance of sulfur vacancy and intercalation carbon in the yolk-shell sub-nanoreactor. The optimized C−Co−MoS 2 yields the lowest overpotential (η 10 =17 mV) compared with previously reported MoS 2 -based electrocatalysts to date, and also affords a 5–9 fold improvement in activity even comparing with those as-prepared single-anchored analogues. Theoretical results and in situ characterizations unveil its active center and durability. This work provides a universal pathway to design efficient catalysts for electro-refinery.

关键词： Electrocatalyst Nanostructures Sub-Nanoreactor Universal Strategy Water Splitting

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Lorentzian geometry and variability reduction in airplane boarding: Slow passengers first outperforms random boarding

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Erland, Sveinung Kaupužs, Jevgenijs Steiner, Albert Bachmat, Eitan Department of Maritime Studies Western Norway University of Applied Sciences HaugesundN-5528 Norway Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry Institute of Technical Physics Riga Technical University RigaLV-1048 Latvia Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Information Technologies University of Liepaja LiepajaLV-3401 Latvia Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW Winterthur8401 Switzerland Department of Computer Science Ben-Gurion University Beer-Sheva84105 Israel

Airlines use different boarding policies to organize the queue of passengers waiting to enter the airplane. We analyze three policies in the many-passenger limit by a geometric representation of the queue position and row designation of each passenger, and apply a Lorentzian metric to calculate the total boarding time. The boarding time is governed by the time each passenger needs to clear the aisle, and the added time is determined by the aisle-clearing time distribution through an effective aisle-clearing time parameter. The non-organized queues under the common random boarding policy are characterized by large effective aisle-clearing time. We show that, subject to a mathematical assumption which we have verified by extensive numerical computations in all realistic cases, the average total boarding time is always reduced when slow passengers are separated from faster passengers and the slow group is allowed to enter the airplane first. This is a universal result that holds for any combination of the three main governing parameters: the ratio between effective aisle-clearing times of the fast and the slow group, the fraction of slow passenger, and the congestion of passengers in the aisle. Separation into groups based on aisle-clearing time allows for more synchronized seating, but the result is non-trivial, as the similar fast-first policy — where the two groups enter the airplane in reverse order — is inferior to random boarding for a range of parameter settings. The asymptotic results conform well with discrete-event simulations with realistic number of passengers, and both the slow-first and the fast-first policies have the ability to perform unboundedly better than random boarding. Parameters based on empirical data, with hand luggage as criteria for separating passengers into the slow group, give a 13% reduction in total boarding time for slow first compared to random boarding. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Queueing theory

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Bi-affinity Electrolyte Optimizing High-Voltage Lithium-Rich Manganese Oxide Battery via Interface Modulation Strategy

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第30期135卷

作者： Xuedi Yuan Dr. Tao Dong Jiaxin Liu Dr. Yingyue Cui Haotian Dong Dr. Du Yuan Prof. Haitao Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China School of Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China Contribution: Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Methodology (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Contribution: Methodology (supporting) Supervision (lead) Contribution: Methodology (supporting) College of Materials Science and Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology 960 2nd Section Changsha Hunan 410004 P. R. China Henan Key Laboratory of Energy Storage Materials and Processes Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology Zhengzhou 450003 P. R. China Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Funding acquisition (lead) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead) Writing - review & editing (lead)

The practical implementation of high-voltage lithium-rich manganese oxide (LRMO) cathode is limited by the unanticipated electrolyte decomposition and dissolution of transition metal ions. The present study proposes a bi-affinity electrolyte formulation, wherein the sulfonyl group of ethyl vinyl sulfone (EVS) imparts a highly adsorptive nature to LRMO, while fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) exhibits a reductive nature towards Li metal. This interface modulation strategy involves the synergistic use of EVS and FEC as additives to form robust interphase layers on the electrode. As-formed S-endorsed but LiF-assisted configuration cathode electrolyte interphase with a more dominant −SO 2 − component may promote the interface transport kinetics and prevent the dissolution of transition metal ions. Furthermore, the incorporation of S component into the solid electrolyte interphase and the reduction of its poorly conducting component can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. Therefore, a 4.8 V LRMO/Li cell with optimized electrolyte may demonstrate a remarkable retention capacity of 97 % even after undergoing 300 cycles at 1 C.

关键词： Bi-Affinity Electrolyte Ethyl Vinyl Sulfone Fluoroethylene Carbonate Interphase Modulation Strategy Lithium Rich Manganese Oxide Cathode

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A differentiability-based processes and parameters learning hydrologic model for advancing runoff prediction and process understanding

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Journal of Hydrology 2025年 661卷

作者： Chunxiao Zhang Heng Li Yuqian Hu Dingtao Shen Bingli Xu Min Chen Wenhao Chu Rongrong Li School of Information Engineering China University of Geosciences Beijing Beijing China Hebei Key Laboratory of Geospatial Digital Twin and Collaborative Optimization China University of Geosciences Beijing Beijing China Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping Beijing China Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province Central China Normal University Wuhan China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China Department of Information and Communication Academy of Army Armored Forces Beijing China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing Jiangsu China Institute of Space and Earth Information Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China

Differentiable parameterized learning (dPL) represents a cutting-edge advancement in synergizing process-based models (PBMs) and machine learning to improve both the model prediction and interpretability. However, dPL mainly focuses on refining parameters within a predefined process-based structure, which limits its performance and process understanding to the constraints of existing PBM frameworks. To address this limitation, we propose an extended framework: Differentiable process and Parameter Learnings (dP2Ls). dP2Ls incorporate regionalized neural networks (NNs) to simultaneously improve both the modeling of process variables and parameter learnings. Within dP2Ls, the EXP-HYDRO model serves as a differentiable physical backbone, where the potential evapotranspiration (PET) process is modeled using a regionalized long short-term memory (LSTM), while the dPL strategy is independently applied to learning hydrological parameters. Experiments with runoff prediction in ungauged catchments across the contiguous United States revealed that: (1) The median Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of regionalized dP2Ls in ungauged catchments surpassed that of all models using NNs for either process learning or parameter learning and approached the LSTM model (the median NSE differs by only 0.021); (2) Regionalized dP2Ls enhanced the interpretability of some intermediate variables by jointly learning the process variables and parameters, resulting in the correlation coefficients of snowpack and ET fitting the estimation products increased by 0.022 and 0.026, respectively; (3) The embedded regionalized LSTM outputs more interpretable PET than EXP-HYDRO, demonstrating the capability of NNs to improve traditional process understanding. In summary, this study demonstrates the advantages of dP2Ls in regionalized modeling, overcoming the limitations of traditional process-based structures through flexible NN configurations, and providing a reliable pathway for the future in-depth diagno

关键词： Catchments

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Quantifying material stocks in long-lived products: Challenges and improvements for informing sustainable resource use strategies

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Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2025年 221卷

作者： Jan Streeck André Baumgart Helmut Haberl Fridolin Krausmann Bowen Cai Tomer Fishman Maud Lanau Peter Berrill Zhi Cao Sebastiaan Deetman David Frantz Volker Krey Alessio Mastrucci Alessio Miatto Stefan Pauliuk Lola Sylvie Annie Rousseau Shoshanna Saxe Danielle Densley Tingley Gamze Ünlü Dominik Wiedenhofer BOKU University Institute of Social Ecology Department of Economics and Social Sciences Schottenfeldgasse 29 1070 Vienna Austria Wuhan University School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan Hubei Province 430079 China Leiden University Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) 2333 CC Leiden Netherlands Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Research Area Sustainable Built Environments Gothenburg 412 96 Sweden Universität Berlin Sustainability Economics of Human Settlements Berlin 10623 Germany College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Trier University Geoinformatics -Spatial Data Science Trier Rhineland-Palatinate 54296 Germany International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Energy Climate and Environment (ECE) Program Schlossplatz 1 2361 Laxenburg Austria Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Canberra 2601 ACT Australia University of Freiburg Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Freiburg Baden-Wuerttemberg D-79102 Germany Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Industrial Ecology Programme Department of Energy and Process Engineering Trondheim 7034 Norway University of Toronto Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering Toronto Ontario M5S 1A1 Canada University of Sheffield School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom

Material stocks in long-lived products require over half of the annual global resource extraction for their construction and maintenance, and lock in energy use through their technical and geospatial characteristics. A thorough understanding of material stocks is therefore essential to inform sustainable resource use strategies. However, despite substantial advances in material stock research in recent decades, their robust quantification remains challenging and bears considerable uncertainties. We assess the (dis)agreement of material stock estimates from 32 recent studies across global, national, and urban scales, and propose recommendations for future work. Overall, we observe medium to high divergences between studies estimating the same material stocks. For end-use categories that aggregate multiple material stocks (e.g., buildings), most global-level estimates show divergences within 140 %. At the national level, most estimates for the USA diverge by <210 %, while those for China by <550 %. At the urban level, most estimates for Beijing fall within 90 %, and for Vienna, within 70 %. For low-income countries, non-residential buildings, and individual materials, the differences are often substantially higher, highlighting the need for an improved scientific basis for policy and planning. These disparities arise from differences in system boundaries, methodology, data sources, definitions, and lack of data to capture the diversity of material stock types. To robustly inform sustainable resource use strategies, the scientific community and practitioners should systematically assess and report sensitivity and uncertainty, and reduce the latter through transparent documentation, model intercomparisons, consensus and open-access databases, enhanced data collection, and comprehensive quantification of material stocks.

关键词： Material flow analysis Sustainable resource management Uncertainty analysis Socioeconomic metabolism Material stocks

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Robust extraction of rain-induced attenuation from microwave link observations using local regression 9

Robust extraction of rain-induced attenuation from microwave...

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9th International Workshop on Precipitation in Urban Areas: Urban Challenges in Rainfall analysis, UrbanRain 2012

作者： Schatzmann, A. Scheidegger, A. Rieckermann, J. Ruckstuhl, A. Institute for Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur Switzerland Dept. of Urban Water Management Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783906031217

Recently, the rain-induced attenuation of microwave links (MWL) has been suggested as a novel tool to monitor rainfall in urban areas. However, this requires robust methods to identify and remove baseline attenuation during dry weather, which is not trivial. In this paper, we present a novel statistical method to identify the baseline attenuation based on robust local regression (REBS) offline and in real-time. To test the correct baseline removal, we were able to test the algorithm on an extraordinary dataset of a dense network of rain gauges and disdrometers that provides an unrivalled ground truth reference rain fall and avoids uncertainties due to scaling effect between the path-average MWL measurements and point rain gauge observations. Our results show that the robust regression algorithms predict the path-average rainfall intensities from MWL signal levels that are practically unbiased and match the reference rainfall well. Although the scatter for 1-min rainfall intensities can vary up to 80% of the reference measurements, this it reduced to about 20% for 10min average intensities.

关键词： Rain

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