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Proceedings of the 2024 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society

作者： Corinna Hertweck Christoph Heitz Michele Loi Institute for Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur Switzerland and Department of Informatics University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Institute for Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur Switzerland AlgorithmWatch Berlin Germany

In the field of algorithmic fairness, many fairness criteria have been proposed. Oftentimes, their proposal is only accompanied by a loose link to ideas from moral philosophy - which makes it difficult to understand when the proposed criteria should be used to evaluate the fairness of a decision-making system. More recently, researchers have thus retroactively tried to tie existing fairness criteria to philosophical concepts. Group fairness criteria have typically been linked to egalitarianism, a theory of distributive justice. This makes it tempting to believe that fairness criteria mathematically represent ideals of distributive justice and this is indeed how they are typically portrayed. In this paper, we will discuss why the current approach of linking algorithmic fairness and distributive justice is too simplistic and, hence, insufficient. We argue that in the context of imperfect decision-making systems - which is what we deal with in algorithmic fairness - we should not only care about what the ideal distribution of benefits/harms among individuals would look like but also about how deviations from said ideal are distributed. Our claim is that algorithmic fairness is concerned with unfairness in these deviations. This requires us to rethink the way in which we, as algorithmic fairness researchers, view distributive justice and use fairness criteria.

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A novel augmented reality-based simulator for enhancing orthopedic surgical training

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 185卷 109536-109536页

作者： Wu, Luohong Seibold, Matthias Cavalcanti, Nicola A. Hein, Jonas Gerth, Tatiana Lekar, Roni Hoch, Armando Vlachopoulos, Lazaros Grabner, Helmut Zingg, Patrick Farshad, Mazda Fürnstahl, Philipp Research in Orthopedic Computer Science Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich8008 Switzerland Department of Orthopaedics Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Forchstrasse 340 Zurich8008 Switzerland Computer Vision and Geometry Group ETH Zurich Ramistrasse 101 Zurich8092 Switzerland Institute of Computer Science School of Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences Obere Kirchgasse 2 Winterthur8401 Switzerland Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design School of Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences Technikumstrasse 81 Winterthur8400 Switzerland

Background: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is a well-established and common orthopedic surgery. Due to the complexity involved in THA, orthopedic surgeons require rigorous training. However, the current gold standard, the tutor-guided and -evaluated apprenticeship model is time-consuming, costly, and poses risks to patients. There is a pressing need for additional training resources to enhance the efficiency and safety of the training process. In this work, we present a novel Augmented Reality (AR)-based simulator designed for THA that helps enable a new self-paced training and learning paradigm without the need for instructors. Methods: The simulator reduces the need for instructors by integrating an AR guidance module and an automated performance evaluation module. Three types of AR guidance were developed: Overlay, Virtual Twin, and Sectional Views. A feasibility study was conducted with five resident surgeons and two senior surgeons to compare these guidance methods quantitatively and qualitatively. The automated performance evaluation module was assessed against manual performance evaluation using Bland-Altman analysis with limits of agreement (LoA) and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: The quantitative feasibility results indicate the efficacy of the developed AR guidance, characterized by mean transitional and rotational deviation errors below 3 mm and 3 degrees. Based on the qualitative results, we provide recommendations for efficient AR guidance designs. The Bland-Altman analysis results (0.22±1.32mm with LoA −2.37 to 2.81 mm for distance deviation, 0.94±2.41 degrees with LoA −3.78 to 5.66 degrees for yaw deviation, −0.34±1.30 degrees with LoA −2.90 to 2.22 degrees for pitch deviation) and p-values of Mann–Whitney U tests (0.64 for distance deviation, 0.12 for yaw deviation, 0.11 for pitch deviation) indicate no statistically significant differences between the automated and manual performance evaluation at a significance level of 0.05. Conclusion: This work sh

关键词： Augmented reality

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Days-off scheduling in large-scale multi-skill staff rostering: An integer programming solution 7

Days-off scheduling in large-scale multi-skill staff rosteri...

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7th International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, PATAT 2008

作者： Klinkert, Andreas Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design IDP Switzerland

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Estimation of job completion times in a dynamic shop job based on static job shop solution

Estimation of job completion times in a dynamic shop job bas...

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作者： Heitz, Christoph Roithner, Tobias Institute for Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences CH-8401 Winterthur Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783902661234

We investigate the temporal behaviour of completion time estimates derived from scheduling algorithms that are based on the set of already known and accepted orders (static job shop problem). In a dynamic job shop environment, these estimates change over time, typically increasing. This leads to a systematic error in the completion time estimation based on static job shop algorithms. We propose an approach for calculating this systematic error. Furthermore, a method for compensating this error is derived. For some simple examples, the theory is worked out and compared with simulation results. In all cases, the estimates based on the static algorithm can substantially be improved. © 2007 IFAC.

关键词： Scheduling algorithms

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Can the Compositional Nature of Compositional data Be Ignored by Using Deep Learning Approaches? 50th

Can the Compositional Nature of Compositional Data Be Igno...

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50th Scientific Meeting of the Italian Statistical Society, SIS 2021

作者： Templ, Matthias Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences Rosenstrasse 3 Winterthur8404 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031166082

The application of non-compositional methods to compositional data representing parts of a whole should be avoided from a theoretical point of view. For example, one can show that Pearson correlations applied to compositional data are biased to be negative. Moreover, almost all statistical methods lead to biased estimates when applied to compositional data. One way out is to analyze data after representing them in log-ratio coordinates. However, several implications arise, such as interpretation in log-ratios and dealing with zeros and non-detects where log-ratios are undefined. When focusing on settings where only the prediction and classification error is important rather than an interpretation of results, one might argue to rather use non-linear methods to avoid those implications. Generally, it is known that misclassification and prediction errors are lower with a log-ratio approach when using machine learning methods that model the linear relationship between variables. However, is this also true when training a neural network who may learn the inner relationships between parts of a whole also without representing the data in log-ratios? This paper gives an answer of this matter based on applications with multiple real data sets, leading to the recommendation to use a compositional treatment of compositional data in any case. Misclassification and prediction errors are lower when nonlinear methods, and in particular deep learning methods, are applied together with a compositional treatment of compositional data. The compositional treatment of compositional data therefore remains very important even in the context of focusing on prediction errors using deep artificial neural networks or other nonlinear methods. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Neural networks

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ESTIMATION OF JOB COMPLETION TIMES IN A DYNAMIC SHOP JOB BASED ON STATIC JOB SHOP SOLUTION

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2007年第3期40卷 81-86页

作者： Christoph Heitz Tobias Roithner Institute for Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences CH-8401 Winterthur

关键词： scheduling algorithms manufacturing systems throughput queuing theory

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Regime-dependent drivers of the EUR/CHF exchange rate

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Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics 2023年第1期159卷 3页

作者： Kotlarz, Piotr Hanke, Michael Stöckl, Sebastian Liechtenstein Business School University of Liechtenstein Fürst-Franz-Josef-Strasse Vaduz Liechtenstein Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design School of Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences Technikumstrasse 71 Winterthur Switzerland

We analyze drivers of the EUR/CHF exchange rate in different regimes between 2000 and 2020. Structural breaks between these subperiods are estimated in an integrated way together with the drivers that are relevant during these subperiods. Overall, the main drivers of the exchange rate include European equity and volatility indices, interest rate and term structure slope differentials, as well as monetary policy interventions. For the “peg period” September 2011–January 2015, in addition to the observed exchange rate we also analyze the drivers of the latent exchange rate that could have been observed in the absence of the peg. Interestingly, the SNB’s foreign currency investments became a significant driver of the EUR/CHF exchange rate only after the end of the peg period when there was no longer an officially communicated target rate. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： EUR/CHF exchange rate Exchange rate drivers Foreign currency interventions Latent exchange rate Monetary policy

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Robust extraction of rain-induced attenuation from microwave link observations using local regression 9

Robust extraction of rain-induced attenuation from microwave...

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9th International Workshop on Precipitation in Urban Areas: Urban Challenges in Rainfall analysis, UrbanRain 2012

作者： Schatzmann, A. Scheidegger, A. Rieckermann, J. Ruckstuhl, A. Institute for Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur Switzerland Dept. of Urban Water Management Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783906031217

Recently, the rain-induced attenuation of microwave links (MWL) has been suggested as a novel tool to monitor rainfall in urban areas. However, this requires robust methods to identify and remove baseline attenuation during dry weather, which is not trivial. In this paper, we present a novel statistical method to identify the baseline attenuation based on robust local regression (REBS) offline and in real-time. To test the correct baseline removal, we were able to test the algorithm on an extraordinary dataset of a dense network of rain gauges and disdrometers that provides an unrivalled ground truth reference rain fall and avoids uncertainties due to scaling effect between the path-average MWL measurements and point rain gauge observations. Our results show that the robust regression algorithms predict the path-average rainfall intensities from MWL signal levels that are practically unbiased and match the reference rainfall well. Although the scatter for 1-min rainfall intensities can vary up to 80% of the reference measurements, this it reduced to about 20% for 10min average intensities.

关键词： Rain

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Enhancing local scheduling rules with a global benefit factor

Enhancing local scheduling rules with a global benefit facto...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

作者： J. Sigrist C. Heitz Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424448692

We propose a new extension for index based scheduling rules which adds a global system perspective by estimating how much a job could benefit from an immediate processing. We implement this criterion in the ATC rule and compare the performances of the standard ATC and the extended rule ATCG. It is shown that ATCG performs better than ATC, especially when system loads are high and processing times follow a uniform distribution.

关键词： Job shop scheduling Costs Throughput data analysis process design Delay effects Manufacturing

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Applied Compositional data analysis 1

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丛书名： Springer Series in Statistics

1000年

作者： Peter Filzmoser Karel Hron Matthias Templ

ISBN: (数字)9783319964225

ISBN: (纸本)9783319964201

This book presents the statistical analysis of compositional data using the log-ratio approach. It includes a wide range of classical and robust statistical methods adapted for compositional data analysis, such as supervised and unsupervised methods like PCA, correlation analysis, classification and regression. In addition, it considers special data structures like high-dimensional compositions and compositional tables. The methodology introduced is also frequently compared to methods which ignore the specific nature of compositional data. It focuses on practical aspects of compositional data analysis rather than on detailed theoretical derivations, thus issues like graphical visualization and preprocessing (treatment of missing values, zeros, outliers and similar artifacts) form an important part of the book. Since it is primarily intended for researchers and students from applied fields like geochemistry, chemometrics, biology and natural sciences, economics, and social sciences, all the proposed methods are accompanied by worked-out examples in R using the package robCompositions.

关键词： Statistics for Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry and Earth Sciences Statistics and Computing/Statistics Programs Statistical Theory and Methods Geochemistry Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences Statistics for Social Sciences, Humanities, Law

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