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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Zhou, Jianan Cao, Zhiguang Wu, Yaoxin Song, Wen Ma, Yining Zhang, Jie Xu, Chi College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore Department of Information Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University China Singapore

Learning to solve vehicle routing problems (VRPs) has garnered much ***, most neural solvers are only structured and trained independently on a specific problem, making them less generic and *** this paper, we aim to develop a unified neural solver that can cope with a range of VRP variants ***, we propose a multi-task vehicle routing solver with mixture-of-experts (MVMoE), which greatly enhances the model capacity without a proportional increase in *** further develop a hierarchical gating mechanism for the MVMoE, delivering a good trade-off between empirical performance and computational ***, our method significantly promotes zero-shot generalization performance on 10 unseen VRP variants, and showcases decent results on the few-shot setting and real-world benchmark *** further conduct extensive studies on the effect of MoE configurations in solving VRPs, and observe the superiority of hierarchical gating when facing out-of-distribution *** source code is available at: https://***/RoyalSkye/Routing-MVMoE. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Vehicle routing

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Ethereum smart contract security research:survey and future research opportunities

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Frontiers of Computer science 2021年第2期15卷 143-160页

作者： Zeli WANG Hai JIN Weiqi DAI Kim-Kwang Raymond CHOO Deqing ZOU National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabClusters and Grid Computing LabHubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data SecurityWuhan430074China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518057China Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78249-0631USA

Blockchain has recently emerged as a research trend,with potential applications in a broad range of industries and *** particular successful Blockchain technology is smart contract,which is widely used in commercial settings(e.g.,high value financial transactions).This,however,has security implications due to the potential to financially benefit from a security incident(e.g.,identification and exploitation of a vulnerability in the smart contract or its implementation).Among,Ethereum is the most active and ***,in this paper,we systematically review existing research efforts on Ethereum smart contract security,published between 2015 and ***,we focus on how smart contracts can be maliciously exploited and targeted,such as security issues of contract program model,vulnerabilities in the program and safety consideration introduced by program execution *** also identify potential research opportunities and future research agenda.

关键词： smart contract security blockchain vulnerability unreliable data

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Learning knowledge representation across knowledge graphs 31

Learning knowledge representation across knowledge graphs

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31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2017

作者： Cai, Pengshan Li, Wei Feng, Yansong Wang, Yuanzhuo Jia, Yantao CAS Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China Institute of Computer Science and Technology Peking University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781577357865

Distributed knowledge representation learning (KRL) methods encode both entities and relations in knowledge graphs (KG) in a lower-dimensional semantic space, which model relatively dense knowledge graphs well and greatly improve the performance of knowledge graph completion and knowledge reasoning. However, existing KRL methods including Trans(E, H, R, D and Sparse) hardly obtain comparative performances on sparse KGs where most of entities and relations have very low frequencies. Furthermore, all existing methods target at KRL on one knowledge graph independently. The embeddings of different KGs are independent with each other. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-knowledge- graph (cross-KG) KRL method which learns embeddings for two different KGs simultaneously. Through projecting semantic related entities and relations in two KGs to a uniform semantic space, our method could learn better embeddings for sparse KGs by incorporating information from another relatively larger and denser KG. The learned embeddings are also helpful for downstream cross-KGs or cross-linguals tasks like ontology alignment. The experiment results show that our method could significandy outperform corresponding baseline methods on knowledge graph completion on single KG and cross-KG entity prediction and mapping tasks. © 2017, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Tumor Detection, Segmentation and Classification Challenge on Automated 3D Breast Ultrasound: The TDSC-ABUS Challenge

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Luo, Gongning Xu, Mingwang Chen, Hongyu Liang, Xinjie Tao, Xing Ni, Dong Jeong, Hyunsu Kim, Chulhong Stock, Raphael Baumgartner, Michael Kirchhoff, Yannick Rokuss, Maximilian Maier-Hein, Klaus Yang, Zhikai Fan, Tianyu Boutry, Nicolas Tereshchenko, Dmitry Moine, Arthur Charmetant, Maximilien Sauer, Jan Du, Hao Bai, Xiang-Hui Raikar, Vipul Pai Montoya-Del-Angel, Ricardo Martí, Robert Luna, Miguel Lee, Dongmin Qayyum, Abdul Mazher, Moona Guo, Qihui Wang, Changyan Awasthi, Navchetan Zhao, Qiaochu Wang, Wei Wang, Kuanquan Wang, Qiucheng Dong, Suyu School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Singapore National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Laboratory Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China Pohang Korea Republic of Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Germany Heidelberg Germany HIDSS4Health - Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health Karlsruhe Heidelberg Germany Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Germany Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden France FathomX Singapore Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Singapore Philips Research University of Girona Spain Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering DGIST Korea Republic of Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Artificial Intelligence DGIST Korea Republic of National Heart and Lung Institute Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London London United Kingdom Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom Lab School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China Faculty of Science Mathematics and Computer Science Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam1090 GH Netherlands Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam1081 HV Netherlands Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University China Department of Ultrasound Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital No. 150 Haping Road Nangang

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death among women worldwide. Early detection helps in reducing the number of deaths. Automated 3D Breast Ultrasound (ABUS) is a newer approach for breast screening, which has many advantages over handheld mammography such as safety, speed, and higher detection rate of breast cancer. Tumor detection, segmentation, and classification are key components in the analysis of medical images, especially challenging in the context of 3D ABUS due to the significant variability in tumor size and shape, unclear tumor boundaries, and a low signal-to-noise ratio. The lack of publicly accessible, well-labeled ABUS datasets further hinders the advancement of systems for breast tumor analysis. Addressing this gap, we have organized the inaugural Tumor Detection, Segmentation, and Classification Challenge on Automated 3D Breast Ultrasound 2023 (TDSC-ABUS2023). This initiative aims to spearhead research in this field and create a definitive benchmark for tasks associated with 3D ABUS image analysis. In this paper, we summarize the top-performing algorithms from the challenge and provide critical analysis for ABUS image examination. We offer the TDSC-ABUS challenge as an open-access platform at https://***/ to benchmark and inspire future developments in1algorithmic research. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Maximum and Minimum Causal Effects of Physical Processes

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PRX Quantum 2025年第2期6卷 020335-020335页

作者： Giulio Chiribella Kaumudibikash Goswami QICI Quantum Information and Computation Initiative School of Computing and Data Science The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QD United Kingdom Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Waterloo Ontario N2L 2Y5 Canada

We introduce two quantitative measures of the strength of causal relations in quantum theory and more general physical theories. These two measures, called the maximum and minimum causal effect, quantify the maximum and minimum changes in the output of a quantum process induced by changes in its input. The maximum and minimum causal effect possesses useful properties, such as continuity and data-processing inequality. In quantum theory, they have close connections with quantum information tasks. The maximum quantum causal effect can be used to detect quantum channels with nonzero capacity for transmitting classical information. The minimum causal effect can be used to guarantee the recoverability of quantum information: every quantum process with a high value of the minimum quantum causal effect can be approximately inverted. Moreover, we show that the quantum causal effects satisfy a duality relation: if the minimum causal effect of a quantum system A on another quantum system B is high, then A must have a low value of the maximum causal effect on any other quantum system B′ that is spacelike separated with B. This duality implies a monogamy relation for quantum causal effects, and represents a fundamental difference between quantum and classical causal relations. We illustrate the application of the maximum causal effect to the analysis of two paradigmatic examples, the first involving a coherent superposition of direct cause and common cause, and the second involving a coherent superposition of multiple quantum processes.

关键词： Sorting

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Federated Learning for 6G Communications:Challenges,Methods,and Future Directions

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China Communications 2020年第9期17卷 105-118页

作者： Yi Liu Xingliang Yuan Zehui Xiong Jiawen Kang Xiaofei Wang Dusit Niyato School of Data Science of Technology Heilongjiang UniversityHarbinChina Faculty of Information Technology Monash UniversityAustralia Alibaba-NTU Joint Research Institute and also School of Computer Science and Engineering NTUSingapore Energy Research Institute Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina School of Computer Science and Engineering NTUSingapore

As the 5G communication networks are being widely deployed worldwide,both industry and academia have started to move beyond 5G and explore 6G *** is generally believed that 6G will be established on ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence(AI)to achieve data-driven Machine Learning(ML)solutions in heterogeneous and massive-scale ***,traditional ML techniques require centralized data collection and processing by a central server,which is becoming a bottleneck of large-scale implementation in daily life due to significantly increasing privacy *** learning,as an emerging distributed AI approach with privacy preservation nature,is particularly attractive for various wireless applications,especially being treated as one of the vital solutions to achieve ubiquitous AI in *** this article,we first introduce the integration of 6G and federated learning and provide potential federated learning applications for *** then describe key technical challenges,the corresponding federated learning methods,and open problems for future research on federated learning in the context of 6G communications.

关键词： 6G communication federated learning security and privacy protection

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Improving brain tumor classification: An approach integrating pre-trained CNN models and machine learning algorithms

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Heliyon 2025年第10期11卷

作者： Shoaib, Mohamed R. Zhao, Jun Emara, Heba M. Mubarak, Ahmed S. Omer, Osama A. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Esmaiel, Hamada College of Computing and Data Science (CCDS) Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Ministry of Higher Education Pyramids Higher Institute (PHI) for Engineering and Technology 6th of October City 3220412 Egypt Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf 32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh 84428 Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department Aswan Faculty of Engineering Aswan University Aswan 81542 Egypt Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering College of Engineering A'Sharqiyah University Ibra 400 Oman Faculty of Engineering Aswan University Aswan 81542 Egypt

Accurate detection of brain tumors is crucial for enhancing patient outcomes, yet the interpretation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans poses significant challenges. This study introduces a novel approach to brain tumor classification by exploring three pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models: DenseNet201, EfficientNetB5, and InceptionResNetV2, combined with softmax activation for feature extraction. These features are then subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction. Subsequently, three machine learning models—Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB)—are employed for classification. The results reveal that DenseNet201, when combined with SVM and MLP, outperforms the other models in terms of accuracy, recall, and precision. Specifically, DenseNet201 achieves 100% accuracy, recall, and precision on dataset-I and 98% accuracy, recall, and precision on dataset-II when paired with SVM and MLP. This study provides valuable insights into the interplay between CNN models, feature extraction techniques, and machine learning algorithms for brain tumor classification, highlighting the efficacy of DenseNet201 combined with SVM and MLP. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Brain tumor classification Convolutional neural networks Feature extraction Image classification Machine learning Pre-processing Principal component analysis

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Beware of "Explanations" of AI

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Martens, David Shmueli, Galit Evgeniou, Theodoros Bauer, Kevin Janiesch, Christian Feuerriegel, Stefan Gabel, Sebastian Goethals, Sofie Greene, Travis Klein, Nadja Kraus, Mathias Kühl, Niklas Perlich, Claudia Verbeke, Wouter Zharova, Alona Zschech, Patrick Provost, Foster University of Antwerp Department of Engineering Management Antwerp2000 Belgium National Tsing Hua University Institute of Service Science Hsinchu30013 Taiwan INSEAD Technology and Business Fontainebleau77300 France Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Information Systems Frankfurt60629 Germany TU Dortmund University Department of Computer Science Dortmund44227 Germany LMU Munich Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich80539 Germany Erasmus University Rotterdam School of Management Rotterdam3062 Netherlands Copenhagen Business School Department of Digitalization Copenhagen2000 Denmark Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Scientific Computing Center Karlsruhe76131 Germany University of Regensburg Faculty of Informatics and Data Science Regensburg93053 Germany University of Bayreuth Faculty of Law Business and Economics Bayreuth95440 Germany New York University Department of Technology Operations and Statistics New YorkNY10012 United States KU Leuven Faculty of Economics and Business Leuven3000 Belgium Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin School of Business and Economics Berlin10099 Germany Leipzig University Faculty of Economics and Management Science Leipzig04109 Germany

Understanding the decisions made and actions taken by increasingly complex AI system remains a key challenge. This has led to an expanding field of research in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), highlighting the potential of explanations to enhance trust, support adoption, and meet regulatory standards. However, the question of what constitutes a "good" explanation is dependent on the goals, stakeholders, and context. At a high level, psychological insights such as the concept of mental model alignment can offer guidance, but success in practice is challenging due to social and technical factors. As a result of this ill-defined nature of the problem, explanations can be of poor quality (e.g. unfaithful, irrelevant, or incoherent), potentially leading to substantial risks. Instead of fostering trust and safety, poorly designed explanations can actually cause harm, including wrong decisions, privacy violations, manipulation, and even reduced AI adoption. Therefore, we caution stakeholders to beware of explanations of AI: while they can be vital, they are not automatically a remedy for transparency or responsible AI adoption, and their misuse or limitations can exacerbate harm. Attention to these caveats can help guide future research to improve the quality and impact of AI explanations. © 2025, CC BY.

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Integrated Simulation Research of Multi-natural Energy-driven Unmanned Surface Vehicle

Integrated Simulation Research of Multi-natural Energy-drive...

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2023 International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Digital Simulation, AMDS 2023

作者： Chen, Ao Chen, Tianding He, Hong Wang, Hui Fan, Yimei Yu, Xin School of Physics and Information Engineering Minnan Normal University Fujian Province China School of Computing and Information Science Fuzhou Institute of Technology Fujian Province China School of Data and Computer Science Xiamen Institute of Technology Fujian Province China

In response to the limitations of existing unmanned surface vehicles in complex marine environments, where they often fail to meet the requirements for extended endurance, broad operational range, offshore missions, and prolonged operational durations, an autonomous Unmanned Surface Vehicle (NUSV) has been designed and developed. The NUSV is propelled by wind, solar, and wave energy sources. Concerning wind energy, a micro wind energy storage mechanism based on a spiral spring has been designed to enable power generation in low-wind conditions. A wave energy transmission device, complete with a dynamic model, has been devised for wave energy. This device converts torque generated from wave action in different directions into a unified torque, providing continuous power to drive the generator. Solar energy is harnessed using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms to ensure optimal operation of the solar panels. The electrical energy generated from these three natural sources is stored using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and DC-DC Boost converters. A programmable logic controller manages and allocates this stored electrical energy for the NUSV's equipment, including underwater propulsion systems, surface cameras, laser radar, GPS, and other electronic devices. This integration of wind, solar, and wave energy sources enables the NUSV to meet power demands, allowing for long-duration operations at sea, extended offshore missions, wide operational ranges, and prolonged mission durations. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： DC-DC converters

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An Automatic Sleep Arousal Detection Method by Enhancing U-Net with Spatial-channel Attention

An Automatic Sleep Arousal Detection Method by Enhancing U-N...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Big data, Big data 2022

作者： Su, Yen-Ning Kuo, Chih-En National Chung Hsing University Institute of Data Science and Information Computing Taichung Taiwan National Chung Hsing University Department of Applied Mathematics Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480451

Sleep apnea is the most prevalent sleep disorder. In severe cases, it can even lead to sudden death. To diagnose sleep apnea, it is critical to measure the number of sleep arousal times per hour. Current clinical standard procedures require patients to visit a sleep center or hospital for polysomnography (PSG), in which the patient's physiological signals are recorded during the night, and a sleep technician then interprets these signals manually to determine the sleep-wake pattern. With the rising number of sleep disorders, sleep technologists cannot afford such a high workload, which makes the development of an automated sleep arousal detection system critical to reducing medical costs. When PSG is recorded, a large number of wires will also interfere with the patient and cause measurement distortion. In this study, a spatial-channel attention (SCA) U-Net for automatic sleep arousal detection was proposed, which was trained and tested on PhysioNet 2018 sleep PSG dataset. Considering clinical applicability and reducing patient disturbance when recording physiological signals, only five physiological signal channels were required for our proposed model. It is much lower than other methods in the literature. The A AUPRC of our proposed model was and 39%. The results showed the proposed method is highly accurate and requires fewer channel signals, that also demonstrated the clinical applicability and robustness of the proposed method. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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