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Evaluation of Impact on Pollution of a Linear HEV Optimal control Strategy by Engine-in-the-Loop Simulation

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2013年第21期46卷 29-34页

作者： A. Reig L. del Re Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

The key motivation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) is fuel consumption optimisation, but the impact of their control strategies on emissions can be very strong, both positive and negative. Indeed, the Energy Management Problem (EMP) in HEVs consists in optimally splitting power demands among the available energy sources (i.e. batteries and fuel) such that consumption and/or emissions are minimised. While fuel consumption minimisation has been widely studied, simple map-based emissions simulations which assume a quasi-static engine behaviour have been mostly used for emission assessment. This tends to underestimate emissions, and can be particularly wrong in the case of switching strategies, as for most automatic engine Start&Stop systems, but also for optimal solutions arising from the fuel efficiency minimisation problem solved by minimisation of the total energy costs. This paper proposes an Engine-in-the-Loop-based HEV model for optimal control strategies evaluation which does not require emissions and fuel consumption models for the evaluation. For this purpose, a dynamic forwards (i.e. causal) non-linear power train is modelled, calibrated with dynamic measurements from corresponding production vehicle. Then, a real engine is placed within the simulation, allowing to measure pollutants and fuel consumption directly from test bench sensors. Thus, a real-time capable simplified linear HEV control strategy is evaluated with real driving cycles as well as offline methods like dynamic programming for benchmarking purposes. The effect of optimally solving the fuel minimisation EMP on pollutant emissions is also considered and evaluated for different scenarios.

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Fault Isolation using Model-on-Demand Algorithm

Fault Isolation using Model-on-Demand Algorithm

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International Conference on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies

作者： Hajrudin Efendic Luigi del Re Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University

ISBN: (纸本)9781479904297

This paper discusses the Model-on-Demand algorithm for fault isolation in large and complex technical systems. The main objective of the proposed algorithm is to improve fault isolation performance metrics by applying a structural analysis approach which targets the isolability problem in structurally time-invariant systems. This objective is achieved by the utilization of a reverse modeling approach in order to modify the structural matrix of the system in such a way to improve its isolability property. The proposed algorithm was tested in a real technical system and an overview of the experimental results is given here.

关键词： Falt diagnosis Fault isolation Complex technical systems Structural analysis Model-on-Demand

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Learning time optimal control of smart actuators with unknown friction

Learning time optimal control of smart actuators with unknow...

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9th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear control systems, NOLCOS 2013

作者： Trogmann, H. Colaneri, P. Del Re, L. Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz 4040 Linz Austria Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano 20133 Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823472

Active valves are most effective tools to control gas flow in compressors if fast transitions between the open mode and closed mode are needed. Unfortunately, an accurate model including several nonlinear effects and in particular the resistance and gas flow forces is not available, and this prevents the use of standard model based approaches for time optimal control. However, the repetitive nature of the operation of valves suggests the use of learning methods to track a reference in spite of the insufficient information on the control behavior, thus shifting the problem from the search of the time optimal control to the search of the reference corresponding to its solution. To this end, in this paper, a previously proposed algorithm for the iterative determination of the fastest feasible trajectory is analyzed in terms of convergence conditions and applied to the valve model. © IFAC.

关键词： control

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Closed loop NOx control by discrete time sliding mode

Closed loop NOx control by discrete time sliding mode

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European control Conference (ECC)

作者： Christoph Rafetzeder Stephan Stadlbauer Harald Waschl Luigi Del Re Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems University of Linz Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901890

Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) are besides particulate matter (PM), especially for diesel engines, the most relevant emission components. Against this background and the fact that passenger car emission legislation is permanently becoming stricter, there is still a growing interest in minimizing these pollutants. Beside the highly nonlinear behavior of engines also the tradeoff between PM and NO x is a challenging task for the evaluation of a control scheme. In this work the NO x emissions are addressed and a discrete time sliding mode controller (DSMC) is proposed to control the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve in order to provide tracking of a time varying NO x reference while disturbances are rejected. The method presented in this report avoids the common use of intermediate variables like intake fresh air or inlet manifold pressure and shows proper results in both simulation and measurements with a Euro 5 engine.

关键词： Switches Atmospheric modeling Mathematical model Engines Valves Manifolds

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Minimum-time control of a class of nonlinear systems with partly unknown dynamics and constrained input

Minimum-time control of a class of nonlinear systems with pa...

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9th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear control systems, NOLCOS 2013

作者： Schwarzgruber, Thomas Colaneri, Patrizio Del Re, Luigi Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz 4040 Linz Austria Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano 20133 Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823472

The minimum-time problem frequently arises in the design of control for actuators, and is usually solved assuming to know the correct model of the system. In industrially important cases, however, important parts of the dynamics, like friction forces or disturbances by exosystems, are hardly known or even unknown. Against this background, this paper presents an iterative approach to achieve the minimum-time control for a nonlinear, single input second-order system with constrained input and partly unknown dynamics, effectively removing the requirement of perfect knowledge of the system and its parameters to achieve the minimum-time solution in application. First it is shown that, under reasonable assumptions about the unknown part of the dynamics, the optimal control exists for the presented class of systems and that it is a bang-bang control, with at most one switch. Then this property is exploited in the proposed algorithm, that finds the single optimal switching time by an iterative method, without involving any kind of identification of the unknown system parts. © IFAC.

关键词： Nonlinear control systems

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Multivariate fault detection using Vector Autoregressive Moving Average and orthogonal transformation in residual space

Multivariate fault detection using Vector Autoregressive Mov...

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2013 Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society, PHM 2013

作者： Serdio, Francisco Lughofer, Edwin Pichler, Kurt Buchegger, Thomas Pichler, Markus Efendic, Hajrudin Department of Knowledge-Based Mathematical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Austrian Competence Center of Mechatronics Linz Austria Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781936263066

We propose the use of multivariate orthogonal space transformations and Vector Autoregressive Moving-Average (VARMA) models in combination with data-driven system identification models to improve residual-based approaches to fault detection in rolling mills. Introducing VARMA models allows us to build k-step ahead multi-dimensional prediction models including the time lags that best explain the target. Multivariate orthogonal space transformations provide estimates for the dynamical parameters by rewriting the equation set of the system at hand, decomposing the measured data into process and residuals spaces. Modeling in the process space then produces much more accurate models due to dimensionality (noise) reduction. Since we use an unsupervised scheme that requires a priori neither annotated samples nor fault patterns/models, both model identification and fault detection are based solely on the on-line recorded data streams. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach yields improved Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves than methods that do not employ vector autoregressive moving-average models and multivariate orthogonal space transformations.

关键词： Fault detection

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An integrated evaluation approach for performance and safety of autonomous vehicles

An integrated evaluation approach for performance and safety...

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International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)

作者： Gabriele S. Zanardo Thomas Stanger Dominik Lang Luigi del Re Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz

Cooperative mobility is emerging as a key technology to improve energy efficiency, safety, and road capacity while preserving a high degree of individual freedom. This has attracted a large interest by industry and academia, largely focused on vehicle safety applications, but also on fuel savings by enforcing smoother traffic conditions. More recently, the potentially high benefits in terms of fuel efficiency also for the single traffic participants have been addressed. However, production maturity and public acceptance of cooperative mobility can only be achieved if safety, energy efficiency improvements and compatibility with other traffic participants is demonstrated in a convincing way. Traditionally, similar aims have been tackled using large fleet tests. In the case of cooperative automated driving, the number of use-cases and participants makes this procedure prohibitively expensive. This paper proposes an integrated approach in which a physical engine test bench, a high fidelity vehicle simulator working online and a large scale traffic simulator are connected to provide a representative and fast testing setup able to replace large fleet testing.

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A novel online recalibration strategy for continuous glucose measurement sensors employing LMI techniques

A novel online recalibration strategy for continuous glucose...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Harald Kirchsteiger Luca Zaccarian Eric Renard Luigi del Re Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz 4040

ISBN: (纸本)9781457702150

This paper considers the problem of online calibration and recalibration of continuous glucose monitoring devices. A parametric relation between interstitial and blood glucose is investigated and a constructive algorithm to adaptively estimate the parameters within this relation is proposed. The algorithm explicitly considers measurement uncertainty of the device used to collect the calibration measurements and enables automatic detection of measurements which are not suitable to be used for calibration. The method was assessed on clinical data from 17 diabetic patients and the improvements with respect to the current state of the art is shown.

关键词： recalibration Constructive Algorithm Blood Glucose automatic detection measurement uncertainty Interim Local Management Interface current status Arts state of the art diabetic patient interstitial

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Optimal control of internal combustion engine test benches equipped with hydrodynamic dynamometers

Optimal control of internal combustion engine test benches e...

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7th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive control, AAC 2013

作者： Passenbrunner, Thomas E. Sassano, Mario Del Re, Luigi Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz 4040 Linz Austria Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ingegneria Informatica Universita di Roma Tor Vergata Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823434

This paper considers the problem of tracking dynamic reference profiles for rotational speed and torque at the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine at a test bench. The test bench is equipped with a hydrodynamic dynamometer that can only load the internal combustion engine. A proper formulation of this tracking problem with input constraints by nonlinear functions to the state equations of the system and an extension of the state to approximately solve the resulting optimization problem is used to design a control law achieving at the same time a criterion of optimality. Simulation results using a high-quality simulator of the test bench show the performance of the proposed approach.

关键词： Dynamometers

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Easily adaptable model of test benches for internal combustion engines

Easily adaptable model of test benches for internal combusti...

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European control Conference (ECC)

作者： J. Blumenschein P. Schrangl T. E. Passenbrunner H. Trogmann L. del Re Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901890

Internal combustion engine test benches allow to simulate the operation of an engine under various conditions and are essential in engine development in the automotive industry. Models of such test benches are often used in the design and improvement of test bench controls and to simulate their behavior. Therefore, the paper summarizes a modeling procedure based on a simple model structure. In particular, the individual components of a test bench are described and their models are combined. A torque observer is used to compensate the lack of torque measurements. Finally, a model for a test bench equipped with a heavy duty engine is determined and validated with measurements.

关键词： Torque Internal combustion engines Observers Torque measurement Shafts Mechanical systems

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